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BUSINESS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
YAKIMA, WASHINGTON
AGENDA STATEM ENT
Item No. 11.
For Meeting of: May 21, 2019
ITEM TITLE: Discussion on R-2011-77 -- E-verify
SUBMITTED BY: Cliff Moore, City Manager
SUMMARY EXPLANATION:
At the May 7, 2019 Council meeting, Council unanimously requested the resolution from
2011 adopting the E-verify program be added to the May 21 , 2019 Council agenda for
discussion.
ITEM BUDGETED: NA
STRATEGIC PRIORITY: Public Trust and Accountability
APPROVED FOR
SUBMITTAL: lir City Manager
STAFF RECOMMENDATION:
BOARD/COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION:
ATTACHMENTS:
Description Upload Date Type
2011-077 agenda item 5/ / 019 r Me o
articles 5/10/ 019 r Memo
2
RESOLUTION NO. R-2011-77
A RESOLUTION directing the City of Yakima's participation in the Federal E-Verify program;
requiring contractors and business entities contracting with the City of
Yakima to participate in the E-Verify program, and directing the verification
of City of Yakima new employee eligibility through the E-Verify program.
WHEREAS, the City of Yakima has an interest in ensuring that those who contract with
the City employ only individuals who are employment eligible; and
WHEREAS, the City of Yakima has an interest in ensuring its own employees are
employment eligible; and
WHEREAS, "E-Verify", an Internet based system operated by the Department of
Homeland Security in partnership with the Social Security Administration, is free and voluntary:
and
WHEREAS, `E-Verify" is the best means available for determining employment eligibility
of new hires and the validity of their Social Security Numbers; and
•
WHEREAS, it is in the best interest of the security and economic well-being of City
residents for a proactive City government in upholding Federal immigration and employment
laws with the companies it contracts with, and in hiring its own employees; now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF YAKIMA:
That the Council hereby establishes City policy that all future contracts between the City
of Yakima and contractors and vendors for general services contracts over $2,500, and Public
Works Contracts over$5,000, shall require the contractors and vendors to enroll and participate
in the E-verify program when hiring their employees, and to affirm its enrollment and
participation to the City.
BE IT FURTHER RESOVED:
That the City itself will enroll in, and participate in, the E-Verify system for the verification
of employment eligibility of its own new employees.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED:
That this policy shall not apply to unique professional service providers such as
architectural, legal, engineering, bonding, banking, investment services, or providers of
commercially available off-the-shelf-items.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED:
That the City Manger, with Council approval, may waive these requirements on a case-
by case basis.
ADOPTED BY THE CITY COUNCIL this 7th day of June, 2011.
L/4I 4 C
Micah Cawley, ayor
ATTEST:
ALAtItot kfK._)\1<r*
City Clerk
3
BUSINESS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
• YAKIMA, WASHINGTON
AGENDA STATEMENT
Item No. 9
For Meeting Of June 7, 2011
ITEM TITLE: Consideration of a Resolution requiring contractors and vendors for general
services contracts over $2,500, Public Works Contracts over $5,000, and
the City itself to enroll and participate in the Federal E-Verify employment
eligibility system.
SUBMITTED BY: Jim Mitchell,.Assistant City Attorney
CONTACT PERSON/TELEPHONE: Jim Mitchell, 576-6307
SUMMARY EXPLANATION:
E-Verify is a free, federal electronic employment verification program available for use by
employers to validate the lawful employment status of new hires by matching 1-9 form data
over secure internet connection with Social Security and Department of Homeland Security
data bases. E-Verify will help to ensure that contractors and vendors, and the City itself, will
only hire legal employees, thus protecting lawful business competitors and employment
opportunities for.legal residents. The policy will apply to vendors and contractors with
contracts valued at over$2,500 for general services, and $5,000 for Public Works. Certain
unique service providers and commercially available off-the-shelf purchasing would be
exempt. The City Manager may present case-by-case exemptions for Council approval.
Resolution X Ordinance Other (Specify)
Contract Mail to (name and address):
Phone:
Funding Source
APPROVED FOR SUBMITTAL: �, �� City Manager
STAFF RECOMMENDATION: This is a Council directed policy issue
BOARD/COMMISSION/COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION:
COUNCIL ACTION:
4
Calls for Council re e-verify
May 31, 2011
1. Ruby Perkins, 457-5737 - I support e-verify and hope the Council
approves it
2. Corinne Melcher— I am in favor of e-verify
3. Robbi Byrne — I think e-verify is very important to have and hope
the Council approves it
4. Larry Byrne —We need e-verify in the City
5. Agnes Badgley—457-6338 — I want very much for us to use e-
verify in the city, state and nation. Get the illegal people out of
here. They are costing us too much money.
June 6, 2011
1. Maria, 457-1821 — I don't think the City should use e-verify
2. Rosalinda Mendoza, 969-4570 — I think e-verify would do more
harm and don't think the City should use it.
June 7, 2011
1. Robert Lockhart, 604 N. 20th Avenue, rbmalmaine@yahoo.com -
Please vote for E-Verify. It is such a cheap option that to NOT take it
is beyond my understanding unless you are FOR slavery of illegals
from Mexico. If you voted against E-Verify last time then please vote
FOR E-Verify this time around. Yakima is in dire need of cleaning up
its act because so many of the illegals are so poor that many end up in
Yakima jails. Yet another place where E-Verify would work.
2. Cheryl Gurney, 6602 Appleview Road, gurneyfamilyfun@gmail.com -
wanted to voice my support for the city to use e-verify. I feel that it is in
the best interest of the citizens of Yakima to verify that all individuals
we are paying to provide services are legally able to work. The effort
expended to verify legality of potential contractors is worth the cost.
Thank you Dave Ettl for readdressing this issue!
5 Page l of 2
Price, Cally
From: Edler, Dave
Sent: Tuesday, June 07, 2011 4:03 PM
To: Price, Cally; Zais, Dick
Subject: Fw: OneAmerica Testimony in Opposition to E-verify
Attachments: e-verify-burdens-small-business-2011-06-02.pdf; OA Testimony in Opposition to E-verify Ordinance 6 7 11.pdf
Would you make sure all council members get this.
Dave
From: Toby Guevin [mailto:Toby@weareoneamerica.org]
Sent: Tuesday, June 07, 2011 02:56 PM
To: Cawley, Micah; Coffey, Kathy; Ensey, Rick; Edler, Dave; Ettl, Dave; Adkison, Maureen; Lover, Bill
Subject: OneAmerica Testimony in Opposition to E-verify
Dear Mayor Cawley and Distinguished Members of the Yakima City Council,
Please find attached OneAmerica's testimony in opposition to tonight's resolution on E-verify.The
testimony that is attached highlights our rationale for opposing the pro ra
negatively impacts both authorized workers and businesses, but particularly small businesses who lack
t e infrastructure to administer the program without devoting considerable resources.
The failures of E-verify have led to broad opposition to the program from business association like the
U.S. Chamber of Commerce (they sued the federal government unsuccessfully to stop it),think tanks like
the CATO Institute, major labor unions and advocates for immigrarr_t .
In addition to our testimony, I wanted to share with you a few stories that have run recently in the
national press that hi hli ht the neea_____tive impact of E-verify on critical industries across the country, but
a so in the City of Yakima and Yakima County.
"Ag Industry Faces Labor Woes in Immigration Debate" (AP)
"'Silent raids' and E-verify immigration enforcement are destroying US Farms" (Christian Science
Monitor)
"As Lawmakers look at E-verify, businesses fear expansion of the immigration program" (Washington
Post)
"Forcing E-verify on small businesses will do more harm than good" (Florida Sun-Sentinel)
Aside from these stories,small businesses have spoken loud and clear about their interest in having E-
verify mandated (the program is already voluntary).Although employees with less than 14 employees
re_present 89%of all businesses in the US,they are QrWI of the businesses.who enrnUins,uprify.on
a volunteer basis(see attach fart sheet).The fact is, as we struggle to make our way out of this
economic recession,the last thing we need is local governments mandating added bureaucracy for small
businesses.
We urge you to oppose the E-verify resolution and join us in urging our members of Congress to pass a
comprehensive reform that supports employment and employers.Thanks for your consideration and
please don't hesitate to contact me with any questions or concerns.
Kindest regards,
6/7/2011
Page 2 of 2
• 6
Toby
TOBY GUEVIN I State Policy& Legislative Manager I OneAmerica (Formerly Hate Free Zone)WeAreOneAmerica.org
1225 S.Weller Street,Suite 200 I Seattle,WA 98144 I 0: 206.723.2203 x 216 I D: 206.452.8416 I C: 617.755.6207
Sign-up to receive our email updates today!
Comprehensive Immigration Reform:An American Solution
ONEAMERICA IS ON THE WEB!
141
6/7/2011
7
ONEAMERICA
, With Justice for All
June 7, 2011 sl° Formerly Hate Free Zone
MISSION Testimony on Behalf of OneAmerica in Opposition to E-verify Resolution
Yakima City Council
OneAmerica
advances the Dear Mayor Cawley and Members of the Yakima City Council,
fundamental On behalf of OneAmerica and its members,we submit the following testimony in
opposition to the Council's resolution on E-verify. Numerous studies have shown that E-
principles of verify is an inefficient and ineffective verifier of employment eligibility, presents barriers
to work for U.S. citizens and work eligible immigrants,and burdens small businesses
democracy and with time-intensive training and administration at a time when they are struggling to
justice at the free themselves from the economic downturn.
local, state and A member-based organization and the largest immigrant advocacy organization in the
state,OneAmerica's mission is to advance the fundamental principles of democracy and
national levels justice through building power in immigrant communities, in collaboration with key
allies. Our members are active in community base groups across Washington State,
by building including in Mt.Vernon,White Center/Burien,Tacoma,Vancouver, Kent,Walla Walla,
power within
Tri-Cities,and Yakima,among others.We believe mandated E-verify undermines the
best interests of workers and employers by creating additional barriers to work and
immiarant mandating that businesses allocate scarce resources to a system that is a misguided
attempt to fix our broken immigration system.
communities
First and foremost,we believe that comprehensive immigration reform is needed at the
in collaboration federal level to fix our broken immigration system and that once the system is fixed,
there should be accurate ways for employers to ensure that the workers they hire have
with key allies. proper documentation. However,we do not yet have reform of the immigration system
and the current E-verify system, used to check the employment eligibility of workers, is
severely flawed.We believe E-verify is ineffective and inefficient in the following ways:
• The databases used to administer E-verify are riddled with errors that often lead
to U.S.Citizens and lawful immigrant workers facing delays in or denial of
employment.While the Department of Homeland Security claims a 94%success
rate of E-verify(meaning that 6%of workers verified receive temporary non-
confirmation notices(TNCs)for having discrepancies between the employment
information they provide and that housed in the databases), independent studies on
large multinational companies have show rates as high as 15%. Even more troubling,
a study of MCL Enterprises,which operates 24 Burger King restaurants in Arizona,
where e-verify is mandatory,found that 75%of legal immigrant workers received
TNCs.A December 2009 report by Westat confirms that E-verify TNCs
disproportionately impact legal immigrant workers.This creates delays or erroneous
denials of jobs,costing both workers and employers time and money.
Advancing Immigrant,
WWW.WEAREONEAMERICA.ORG I INFOOWEAREONEAMERICA.ORG
Civil & Utmiari 1225 S.WELLER ST.SUITE 200,SEAITLE,WA 98144 I 0:206.723-2203 F:206-826-0423
6
si Oneknerico is a nonprofit 50143)organization
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ONEAMERICA
® 4,44 With Justice for All
♦a•sd Formerly Hate Free Zone
MISSION • E-verify is a crap shoot;54%of undocumented workers are still deemed eligible
for employment because the system cannot identify fraud when a worker uses the
OneAmerica employment information of an authorized worker(Westat 2009). E-verify requires
resources from employers and workers yet is not even effective at identifying fraud.
advances the Instead of stopping those without employment authorization from working,the
fundamental system pushes people into the underground economy where they do not pay taxes.
principles of • Implementation of mandatory E-verify will result in discrimination and undermine
workers rights.A 2009 DHS-commissioned study found that 42%of workers
democracy and reported not being told by their employer of a TNC, resulting in the denial of their
right to contest the finding. Moreover,one study found that 57%of employers used
justice at the E-verify to pre-screen candidates,something that is forbidden under the program.
local, state and
In addition to concerns about E-verify's impact on workers,we are also concerned about
national levels the impact it has on small businesses, many of which in Yakima are owned by
immigrants. Our major concerns include:
by building
• Small businesses have clearly rejected E-verify because it imposes added burdens
power within on businesses that do not have the time or money to operate the bureaucratic
immigrant
system. Despite 89%of businesses in the US having less than 14 employees,only 8%
of E-verify users are small businesses.This is a clear rejection of E-verify by small
communities businesses,who do not have human resource departments to operate the system
for them. In a survey of small businesses,25%said they did not use the system
in collaboration because they did not have enough resource and another 10% because they did not
have access to a fast enough internet connection (Westat 2009).
with key allies.
• Many small businesses and business associations oppose mandatory E-verify
because of the added layer of bureaucracy and additional resources it requires.
Most small businesses employers cite the program lack of"[ease] and efficiency"for
not enrolling in the program. One small business even estimated it would cost an
additional$27,000 each year to operate the program (Chamber of Commerce of the
USA v. Chertoff, No.08-CV-3444-AW).
• Imposing E-verify on businesses will not lead to a reduction in unemployment,but
instead lead to higher unemployment rates. Utilizing the error rates discussed
above and because simple spelling errors or one wrong number can lead to a TNC,if
all businesses in the U.S. were mandated to use E-verify the SSA estimates that 3.6
million U.S. Citizens and legal immigrants would either lose their jobs or need to
respond to TNCs within the required 8 days of receipt.
• Mandating E-verify will push employers in industries that rely on unauthorized
workers(agriculture,hospitality,restaurants)to move their workforce
underground and costs all levels of government important tax revenue.The
Congressional Budget Office estimates that over the next decade there will be a
Advancing Immigrant,
WWW.WEAREONEAMERICA.ORG I INFOOWEAREONEAMERICA.ORG
Civil & Human 1225 S.WELLER ST.SUITE 200,SEATTLE,WA 98144 I 0:206-723-2203 F:206-826-0423
]Ri g' h ts Ona.Arreica is o nonprofit,501103)organization
9
ONEAMERICA
a ® With Justice for All
*te a 04 Formerly Hote Frei Zone
MISSION drop in Federal tax revenue of$ 17.3 billion due to employers shifting workers off
the books.The situation will not be different in Yakima,which has industries that
OneAmerica rely heavily on unauthorized workers.
advances the We understand that the City of Yakima is considering E-verify in response to the failure
fundamental of the federal government to fix our broken immigrations system, but we believe
strongly this is not the way to do it. E-verify is ineffective and inefficient and verifying
principles of worker authorization,works less than 50%of the time at identifying those who are not
authorized to work; places additional burdens and mandates on small businesses;and
democracy and will cost workers and businesses valuable time and money. Please reject this misguided
attempt to fix our broken immigration system.
justice at the
Thank you for your consideration.
local, state and
national levels Respectfully submitted,
by building
power within /4,444,;,6,-' 7" D....,...v....44.......L.
immigrant Pramila Jayapal Toby Guevin
communities Executive Director State Policy& Legislative Manager
OneAmerica OneAmerica
in collaboration
with key allies.
Advancing Immigrant,
T WWW.WEAREONEAMERICA.ORG I INFOOWEAREONEAMERICA.ORG
Civil it & Human 1225 S.WELLER ST.SUITE 200,SEATTLE,WA 98144 I O:206.723-2203 F:206-826-0423
lightsOneAmerico is a nonprofit,5011431 orgonim?ion
• 10
E-Verify Creates Burdens for Small Businesses
JUNE 2011
From urban centers to prairie fields,small businesses play a critical role in the nation's
economy. They are credited with generating 64 percent of net new jobs and providing
employment to over 50 percent of the U.S.workforce.' Proposals to mandate use of the
E-Verify employment eligibility verification program,however,adopt a one-size-fits-all approach
to unauthorized employment and ignore the effect the program will have on our nation's small
businesses.
■ E-Verify places a disproportionate regulatory burden on small businesses.
• According to a study conducted by the Small Business Administration(SBA),2 the annual
cost of federal regulation in the U.S. increased to more than$1.75 trillion in 2008. Small
businesses bear the largest burden of federal regulations.' As of 2008,small businesses
faced an annual regulatory cost of$10,585 per employee,which is 36 percent higher than
the regulatory cost facing large firms.4 E-Verify would overwhelmingly add to this burden.
• Data compiled by Bloomberg Government show it would have cost the nation's employers
$2.7 billion if the use of E-Verify had been mandatory in fiscal year 2010. Small businesses
would have borne the burden for$2.6 billion of that amount.5 One small business in
Maryland estimated that it would cost approximately$27,000 for the company to use E-
Verify for one year.6
• Employers enrolled in E-Verify are not representative of all U.S. employers. Although 89
percent of businesses in the U.S.have fewer than 14 employees,only 8 percent of E-Verify
users are small businesses.' Nationwide,fewer than 4 percent of the approximately 7
million employers in the U.S.participate in E-Verify.8
• Approximately 25 percent of employers who registered but never used E-Verify—or who
started using it,then stopped—claimed the system was"too burdensome."9
• According to Jack Nelson,an Alabama small business owner,"I do not know of anything
that I don't have to pay for the right to do it through a license or fee. The last thing we need
as business owners is another fee put on us to ensure we don't hire illegal immigrants."10
• Small businesses don't have the resources to use E-Verify.
• The challenges presented by enrolling in E-Verify are magnified for small businesses.
Unlike large firms,they do not have human resources departments or large workforces to
compensate for lost productivity while employees resolve errors. The start-up cost
associated with technology purchases is spread out more in larger companies than in small
"mom and pop"operations.
• In a survey of employers who currently do not use E-Verify,25 percent of small employers
said that they were not enrolled due to lack of resources,and 10 percent said that they lacked
a computer with an Internet connection or they had a slow connection." Nationwide, small
businesses are roughly two and a half times as likely as the largest businesses to report
insufficient access to high-speed Internet.12 For example:
• 11
E-VERIFY CREATES BURDENS FOR SMALL BUSINESSES I PAGE 2 OF 4
o Approximately 32 percent of Arkansas residents do not have access to high-speed
Internet in their homes or workplaces.13
o Ten percent of Tennessee's 200,000 businesses don't have computers.14
• Small businesses also report that they spend, on average, over$22 monthly per employee on
broadband Internet access,which is more than twice what medium-sized businesses spend
per employee and roughly three times what large businesses spend.15
• Concerns about how much it costs to train a business's staff to use E-Verify and to actually
use it are understandable. Initial training includes studying an 82-page user's manual,
completing a 3-hour tutorial, and being required to pass a mastery test. In the words of a
participant in a survey of employers who currently do not use E-Verify,"With limited FIR
staff there is concern about how much additional time E-Verify may actually take including
tutorials,testing,updates,etc."16
■ Using E-Verify does not protect businesses from immigration raids and audits.
• While the purpose of E-Verify is to detect unauthorized workers,E-Verify does not do its
job: 54 percent of unauthorized workers for whom E-Verify checks were run were
erroneously confirmed as being work-authorized.17
• This means that even though businesses follow the law and use E-Verify,they could have
unauthorized workers in their company or business. Why? Because E-Verify is unable to
detect whether an unauthorized worker is using an authorized worker's identity,since E-
Verify can determine only if a document presented by a worker is valid and not if the
document actually belongs to the worker.
• For example, in February 2011,nine unauthorized immigrants were found working as part
of a construction team for a new Florida Veterans Hospital. The contractor who hired the
workers used E-Verify.18
• Businesses that employ unauthorized workers whose work eligibility was checked through
E-Verify may still be found liable for violating the employer sanctions law if Immigration
and Customs Enforcement(ICE)discovers that the workers are not work-eligible. Such
businesses also inevitably lose a core part of their workforce in which they have invested
training and time. For example:
o On March 4,2011,approximately two dozen workers were arrested when Maricopa
County,Arizona, Sheriff's Office deputies raided four Pei Wei restaurants. A Pei Wei
spokesperson said the company had run E-Verify checks on all of its employees. The
arrests resulted in the initial closure of eight locations because of a staff shortage.19
o In April 2011,Yakima,Washington,grocer Fiesta Foods was forced to fire workers
after ICE audited the company and identified at least 24 current and former employees
carrying potentially fake documentation. Fiesta Foods uses E-Verify.20
• Errors in E-Verify databases make the program cumbersome for small businesses.
• If businesses were required to use E-Verify,3-4 million U.S.workers would be forced to
either go to a government agency to correct their records or lose their jobs.21
12
E-VERIFY CREATES BURDENS FOR SMALL BUSINESSES I PAGE 3 OF 4
• If an employer receives a notice from E-Verify that there is an error in a worker's records,
the time involved in resolving the error can be lengthy and also costly for the employer. The
worker will need to take time off to correct the error,and the business owner will likely
spend time assisting the worker—and more time interfacing with E-Verify. One small
business owner in Arizona told a reporter that if a business doesn't enjoy the luxury of
having a human resources staff,E-Verify takes time away from the core business.22
Examples of challenges in correcting errors include:
o A U.S. citizen and former U.S.Navy captain with 34 years of service and a history of
having maintained a high security clearance was flagged by E-Verify as not eligible for
employment. It took him and his wife,an attorney,two months to resolve the
discrepancy.23
o An owner of a construction business in California had to wait 8 weeks for one worker
to clear E-Verify. The business owner said, "He's a permanent resident who has been
living here for 20-something odd years. It was frustrating for me and for(him)as well,
but finally it took."24
• Small businesses want Congress to fix our broken immigration system.
• In responding to recent legislative initiatives, small businesses in Florida and other states
have demonstrated their opposition to making use of E-Verify mandatory. In Florida,the
state senate recently voted against making use of E-Verify mandatory for all employers after
hearing from affected businesses and communities. As Florida State Senator and Budget
Committee Chairman J.D.Alexander said," [T]he issues are complex enough and difficult
enough that the tools we have as a state to use are in many of our views too simplistic and
don't allow a more thoughtful system. It is a federal issue that federal officials need to do
something about."25
• In a letter to the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on the Judiciary,the Main Street
Alliance stated the following: "Until Congress acts in a pragmatic fashion to restore order
to our immigration system,forcing small businesses to enforce immigration law will directly
impact our bottom line at a critical time."26
FOR MORE INFORMATION,CONTACT
Tyler Moran, policy director I National Immigration Law Center I morannilc.orq 1208.333.1424
Grisella Martinez,director of policy and legislative affairs I National Immigration Forum
gmartinezna,immigrationforum.orq 1202.383.5993
'How Important Are Small Businesses to the U.S. Economy? (U.S.Small Business Association,Office of
Advocacy),www.sba.gov/advocacy/7495/8420.
2 Nicole V.Crain and Mark W.Crain,The Impact of Regulatory Costs on Small Firms(Lafayette College
for the SBA Office of Advocacy,Sept.2010).
3 Defined as firms employing fewer than 20 employees.
4 Defined as firms with 500 or more employees.
13
E-VERIFY CREATES BURDENS FOR SMALL BUSINESSES I PAGE 4 OF 4
5 Jason Arvello,"`Free'E-Verify May Cost Small Businesses$2.6 Billion:Insight,"Bloomberg, Jan.28,
2011.
6 Chamber of Commerce of the USA v. Chertoff,No.08-CV-3444-AW(D.Md).
'Id.,p.29.
8 The Practices and Opinions of Employers Who Do Not Participate in E-Ver (Westat,Dec.2010),
www.uscis.gov/USCIS/Resources/Reports/E-Verify/e-verify-non-user-dec-2010.pdf,p. 1.
9/d. p. 84,emphasis added.
10"Two Sides Begin Fight Over Illegal Immigration,"Montgomery Advertiser,Mar.3,2011,emphasis
added.
11 Westat,supra note 8,p.25.
12"Small Business&Broadband:Quick Fact Sheet,"SCORE,Nov.7,2010,
www.docstoc.com/docs/46776238/43381-SCORE_Broadband Consortium Fact Sheet 4 1 10.
13 Wayne Bryan,"Not Enough Internet Access:Many Rural Areas Still Without High-Speed,Affordable
Internet,"Arkansas Democrat Gazette, Apr. 10,2011,www.arkansasonline.com/news/2011/apr/10/not-
enough-internet-access/.
14 Perla Trevizo,"Pressure Rises to`E-Verify'New Hires,"Chattanooga Times,Mar. 19,2011,
www.timesfreepress.com/news/2011/mar/19/pressure-rises-e-verify-new-hires/.
15 SCORE,supra note 12.
16 Westat,supra note 8,p.23,emphasis added.
17 Findings of the Web-Based E-Verj Program Evaluation(Westat,Dec.2009),www.uscis.gov/USCIS/E-
Verify/E-Verify/Final%20E-Verify%20Report%2012-16-09 2.pdf,p. 118.
18"Veterans Angry That Illegals Worked on VA Hospital,"www.wftv.com/news/26864419/detail.html.
19 Max Jarman,"Some Pei Weis Able to Reopen,"The Arizona Republic,Mar.27,2011,
www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/business/articles/2011/03/27/20110327biz-insider0327jarman.html.
20 Mike Faulk,"Audit Flags Potential Fake Worker Documents at Fiesta Foods,"Yakima Herald-Republic,
May 4,2011,www.yakima-herald.com/stories/2011/05/04/audit-flags-potential-fake-worker-documents-at-
fiesta-foods.
21 Transcript from Hearing on Employment Eligibility Verification Systems(Subcommittee on Social
Security,Committee on Ways and Means,U.S.House of Representatives,June 7,2007).
22 Jahna Berry,"Most Arizona Employers Aren't Using E-Verify,"The Arizona Republic, July 28,2010,
www.azcentral.com/arizonarepubl ic/news/articles/2010/07/28/20100728arizona-employers-ignoring-e-
verify.html.
23 Account related at a Jan.24,2009,town hall meeting in Ashtabula,OH,sponsored by Building Unity in
the Community and billed as"Why We Need Comprehensive Immigration Reform."
24 Cindy Carcamo,"Economic Stimulus Prompts Debate over Illegal Workers,"The Orange County
Register,April 2,2009.
25 Dara Kam,"Fla.Lawmakers Say Business Interests Played Major Role in Killing Immigration Control,"
Palm Beach Post, May, 10,2011,www.palmbeachpost.com/news/state/fla-lawmakers-say-business-
interests-played-major-role-1467109.html,emphasis added.
26 Main Street Alliance,Letter to U.S.House Committee on the Judiciary,Feb.9,2011,emphasis added.
14
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