HomeMy WebLinkAbout05/28/2024 08. Growth Plan and Annexation Study Update 1
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BUSINESS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
YAKIMA, WASHINGTON
AGENDA STATEMENT
Item No. 8.
For Meeting of: May 28, 2024
ITEM TITLE: Growth Plan and Annexation Study Update
SUBMITTED BY: Bill Preston, Interim Community Development Director
*Eric Crowell, Senior Planner
SUMMARY EXPLANATION:
The purpose of this presentation is to provide an update regarding the annexation study
undertaken by the City utilizing the FCS Group. The study is nearing completion. Staff will
provide an overview of the areas under study and the process for annexing new territory into the
city limits.
ITEM BUDGETED: NA
STRATEGIC PRIORITY: Neighborhood and Community Building
APPROVED FOR SUBMITTAL BY THE CITY MANAGER
RECOMMENDATION:
ATTACHMENTS:
Description Upload Date Type
D Annexation Draft Report 5/22/2024
D Annexation Study Update presentation 5/21/2024
2
City of Yakima
Growth Plan and
Annexation Study
DRAFT REPORT
March 6, 2024
•
* Washington
• 7525 166th Avenue NE,Ste.D215
Redmond,WA 98052
425.867.1802
Oregon
5335 Meadows Road,Ste 330
Lake Oswego,OR 97035
503.841.6543
Colorado
2755 Canyon Blvd
Boulder,CO 80302
719.284.9168
www.fcsgroup.com
•:;> FCS GROUP
Solutions-Oriented Consulting
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
I. Introduction 3
Study Purpose 3
Report Organization 4
Planning Background 4
Overview Of Study Areas 5
II. Community Overview 8
Population and Income 8
Employment and Unemployment 9
Development Overview 10
Commercial and Industrial Market Potential 11
III. Subarea Development Potential 13
Buildable Land Inventory 13
Study Area Opportunities and constraints 13
Area 1 Terrace Heights 13
Area 2 South Airport 15
Area 3 Bachelor Creek 16
Area 4 West Valley 18
Area 5 Northwest 20
Infrastructure and serviceability 21
IV. Fiscal Impact Assessment 23
Methodology 23
Fiscal Impact Drivers 24
General Government fiscal Impacts 25
Short-Term Fiscal Impacts 26
Long-Term Fiscal Impacts 28
Finn Headquarters Locations page i
Rednond Town Center Washington 1425.867.1802
7525166",Ave NE,Ste D-215 Oregon 1503.841.6543
Rednond,Washington 98052 Colorado 1719.284.9168
March 2024 4
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Overall Fiscal Impacts 28
Summary&Policy Considerations 30
Appendix A: Buildable Land Inventory Methodology 31
Appendix B: ESRI Market Data 35
***.) FC.,S GROUP page ii
March 2024 5
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
. INTRODUCTION
STUDY PURPOSE
The Yakima Growth Plan and Annexation Study provides a current understanding of how future
annexations and resulting changes in population, housing, employment and assessed valuation levels
impact the City's municipal budget. The findings are intended to inform future annexation decisions
by considering the fiscal impacts of growth and development on the City of Yakima.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The Yakima Annexation Growth Study provides a relative comparison of the relative costs and
benefits of serving potential areas outside the current City limits. This analysis considers community
growth opportunities for housing and employment over the long-term. The study included an
assessment of existing development conditions and future buildable lands for each study area. A
baseline growth forecast for housing and employment in each area is provided to ascertain the
relative fiscal impacts on General Government revenues and expenditures.
These findings also consider the near-term infrastructure serviceability and relative capital costs for
each area.
Key Findings:
• Area 1—Terrace Heights and Area 4—West Valley received high highest infrastructure
and public facility serviceability rankings. However, there are significant transportation,
sanitary sewer and water system capital investments that would need to be made for these
areas to fully develop.
• The findings indicate that annexations, on average, have an overall positive net fiscal
impact on the City's General Fund that equates to $575 per person, $890 per non-retail
job and $1,532 per retail job if added to the City (Table S-1).
• Based on current development conditions, land use regulations and buildable lands,the
most positive annual General Fund fiscal impacts per acre are expected to be generated
within Area 1—Terrace Heights and Area 2—South Airport.
• Local land use policies and regulations that encourage or incentivize a mix of housing types
(such as townhomes and apartments) can measurably enhance the overall fiscal benefit that
can be achieved in each annexation areas.
Table S-1 Summary of Annual Fiscal Impacts on Yakima General Fund
Avg.Annual General Fund Impact Per Pop. &Per Job(2024$)
Average Annual Impact FY 2014-2023
GF Revenue GF Expense Net GF Impact
Gen.Fund Impact Per Pop. $ 2,434 $ (1,859) $ 575
Gen. Fund Impact Per Avg.job $ 5,117 $ (4,227) $ 890
Gen. Fund Impact Per Retail job $ 5,759 $ (4,227) $ 1,532
4> FCS GROUP page 3
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City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
REPORT ORGANIZATION
This report and its findings are described in the following sections.
I. Introduction & Summary
Study Purpose
Summary of Findings
Report Organization
Overview of the Study Areas
II. Community Overview
Population and Income
Employment and Unemployment
Development Overview
III. Subarea Development Potential
Buildable Land Inventory
Development Opportunities and Constraints
Infrastructure Serviceability
IV. Fiscal Sustainability Assessment
Methodology
General Government Fiscal Impacts
Summary & Policy Considerations
PLANNING BACKGROUND
The City of Yakima is a unique community with a rich and colorful history. Originally incorporated
in 1883,the City of Yakima established itself as an agricultural and manufacturing hub on the banks
of the Naches River and Yakima River in Central Washington. The City serves as the primary
commercial and industrial service center for residents of Yakima County, and the greater Central
Washington region.
This study was completed over a six-month period using current and long-range planning and
budgeting assumptions for the City of Yakima. Selected background planning initiatives include:
• We Are Yakima Comprehensive Plan 2040
• City of Yakima Economic Development Strategic Plan
• City of Yakima 2040 Transportation System Plan, 2017
• City of Yakima Housing Action Plan
• Yakima Downtown Master Plan
• Terrace Heights Neighborhood Plan, 1999
• Terrace Heights Water System Plan, 2019
• Nob Hill Water System Master Plan, 2022 Update.
•4•> FCS GROUP page 4
March 2024 7
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Exhibit 1: Yakima Future Land Category Map
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- tta COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE
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The Future Land the Map illustrates the combination of current land use.current toning.and future uses of each parcel of land within the City of Yakima.The map category Is necessary to provide certainty to the \7. _y
community members,residents,and property owners about what type of land use will be located around them.And,where to expect future services.and development based on the goals,pohcies and objectives
of this Plan 20a0.
OVERVIEW OF STUDY AREAS
This study focuses on an evaluation of five potential areas where future annexations may be expected
to occur. The five study areas are shown in Exhibits 2A and 2B. Each of these areas have unique
environmental features and variations in existing land use and infrastructure conditions.
An overview of each study area is provided below. For a more detailed map of land constraints and
buildable lands within each study area, please refer to Appendix A.
Area 1 Terrace Heights
• Encompasses the relatively well-developed Terrace Heights area of unincorporated Yakima
County.
• Area 1 primarily consists of single family residential along with a mix of commercial and
multifamily along main roadways.
• Transportation infrastructure investment is needed, particularly replacement of a bridge crossing
the Yakima River.
• The area could accommodate significant levels of additional employment and housing, but major
roadway improvements will be necessary before that can occur.
*•*> FCS GROUP page 5
March 2024 8
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Exhibit 2A: Yakima Annexation Study Area 1
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Area 2 South Airport
• Includes areas located immediately south and west of the Yakima Airport.
• Recent annexation has been occurring in this area with sewer and transportation infrastructure
being expanded as development occurs.
• This area is primarily being planned for single-family detached and attached housing.
Area 3 Bachelor Creek
• Includes the area southwest of the Yakima city limits.
• Predominantly agricultural land with some single-family detached dwelling units in the Wiley
City area.
• Floodplains in the area are a significant barrier to future development.
• Sewer service will require significant extension and is another barrier to future development.
Area 4 West Valley
•4•> FCS GROUP page 6
March 2024 9
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
• Potential annexation area bordering the city's western boundary.
• Expected to accommodate planned middle housing (such as plexes and apartments) and some
neighborhood-scale commercial.
• Water and transportation infrastructure investments are required.
Area 5 Northwest
• Area located northwest of current city boundaries.
• Highly desirable location for larger lot single-family detached dwellings given exceptional views
across the Yakima Valley.
• Transportation, wastewater and water infrastructure will all pose challenges due to relatively
steep terrain and limited existing access.
Exhibit 2B: Yakima Annexation Study Areas 2-5
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••••> FCS GROUP page 7
March 2024 10
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
II . COMMUNITY OVERVIEW
As part of this study, an overview of current demographic and socio-economic trends and forecasts
were evaluated to document future needs for housing and employment land. Key findings are
summarized below.
POPULATION AND INCOME
The City of Yakima achieved a record-high population of 98,650 people in 2023. Yakima County
also attained a new record with 261,200 residents. Over the past two decades, the City of Yakima
population growth has outpaced the County and State of Washington (Exhibit 3). However, since the
global COVID-19 pandemic ended in 2020, population growth in Yakima slowed considerable.
Exhibit 3: Population Trends, 2000-2023
LAM Change:
(2000- AGR(2000-
2000 2010 2020 22 2023 2023) 20234
Washington 5,894,121 6,561,297 7,706,310 7,766,975 7,864,400 7,951,150 2,057,029 1.31%
Yakima County 222,581 236,542 256,728 258,100 259,950 261,200 38,619 0.70%
City of Yakima 72,294 88,630 96,968 97,810 98,200 98,650 26,356 1.36%
City of Selah 6,310 6,899 8,153 8,235 8,365 8,450 2,140 1.28%
City of Toppenish 8,946 8,820 8,854 8,870 8,870 8,900 (46) -0.02%
Terrace Hei.hts CDP 6,447 6,679 8,917 9,114 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Source:U.S. Census,American Community Survey, Washington Office of Financial Management
AGR:Compound Annual Growth Rate. CDP:Census Defined Place.
In 2020, the median household income in the City of Yakima was $50,673, up significantly from
$39,706 in 2010. Despite the recent increase in local income levels, household incomes within the
City remain well below Yakima County and the state of Washington (Exhibit 4).
Exhibit 4: Income Trends, 2010-2023
Median Household Income, 2010, 2021
$90,000 $82,400
$80,000
$70,000 -
$60,000 $57,244 $58,380
$50,673
$50,000 - $42,877 $39,706
$40,000 -
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
so
Washington Yakima County Yakima City
■2010 ■2021
Source:U.S.Census Bureau,American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates(Table B25010)
4> FCS GROUP page 8
March 2024 11
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Like many communities across the U.S., an increasing share of Yakima households are experiencing
economic hardship as the cost of living rises faster than income levels.
In recognition of the short comings associated with federal poverty statistics,the United Way now
provides a new measure of economically distressed households struggling in each county in a state. This
effort provides a framework,to measure households that do not earn enough to afford basic necessities,
with a population segment called ALICE(Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed). The ALICE
methodlogy takes into account the total cost of household essentials —housing, child care, food,
transportation, technology, and health care, plus taxes and a 10 percent contingency. For more
information, please check out: https://www.unitedforalice.org/methodology
As of year 2021, 51%of the households in Yakima were either living in poverty or classified in the
ALICE category,which is well above the state average of 33%and the countywide average of 46%
(Exhibit 5).
Exhibit 5: Poverty and ALICE Households, 2021
ALICE Households,2021
60%
51%
50% 46%
40% 33%
30%
20%
10%
Washington State Yakima County City of Yakima
Source:United for Alice,Alice Report.2022
EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT
The unemployment rate in Yakima County was 6.4% in 2022, slightly higher than the statewide
average of 4.2% during the same year (Exhibit 6).
Exhibit 6: Unemployment Rate, Washington and Yakima County 2006-2023
Unemployment Rate,Washington and Yakima County,2006-2023
12.0%
10.0%
8.0%
•
6.0%
4.0%
2.0%
0.0%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
— —Yakima County —Washington
Source:U-S.Bureau of Labor Statistics
4) FCS GROUP page 9
March 2024 12
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Employment within the City of Yakima has increased steadily over the last decade, from 40,147 jobs
in 2010 to 47,282 jobs in 2021 (Exhibit 7). During this time frame, growth was particularly strong in
agriculture (3,508 job increase from 2011 to 2021), health care (+2,824 jobs), public administration
(+1,025 jobs), and retail trade (+993 jobs).
Overall, the City "captured"nearly two-thirds of the net new job growth that occurred in Yakima
County between 2010 and 2021 (Exhibit 8).
Exhibit 7: Employment by Sector, City of Yakima, 2011-2021
Sector 2010 2021 Change AGR
Ag.&Industrial 9,222 13,690 4,468 4.0%
Retail 4,999 5,992 993 1.8%
Service 23,880 24,529 649 0.3%
Government 2,046 3,071 1,025 4.1%
Total 40,147 47,282 7,135 1.6%
Source:U.S.Census On the Map data.
Exhibit 8: Employment by Sector, Yakima County, 2011-2021
2011 AGR
Industrial 36,660 46,246 9,586 2.4%
Retail 8,809 9,891 1,082 1.2%
Service 41,382 43,107 1,725 0.4%
Government 5,749 4,406 (1,343) -2.6%
Total 92,600 103,650 11,050 1.1%
Source: U.S. Census On the Map data.
DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
In 2022, there were 36,623 housing units in the City of Yakima of which 18,494 units were classified
as owner-occupied, 16,336 units were renter-occupied and 1,793 units were considered as seasonal
housing, vacant or for-sale. Overall vacancy rates for housing in Yakima is below 4.9% currently.
Like most cities in Washington, single-family detached housing is the most prevalent housing type
representing 60%of the local housing stock. The remaining housing inventory in Yakima includes
townhomes and plexes (18%), multifamily (16%) and mobile homes (6%), as shown in Exhibit 9.
Exhibit 9: Existing Housing Inventory, 2022, City Yakima
Housing Units by Housing Type, Yakima,2022
16%
•Single Family Detached
•Townhomes 1 Plexes
•Multifamily(5+units)
18% 60% ®Mobile home/other
Source:U.S.Census Bureau,American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates(Table B25032)
4*:) FCS GROUP page 10
March 2024 13
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Building permit activity in Yakima over the 2018-2022 timeframe indicates strong market support for
the development of additional multifamily (apartments), which accounted for over half(53%) of all
new housing units that were constructed in the City (Exhibit 10).
Exhibit 10: Dwelling Units Added by Category, 2018-2022, City Yakima
Total Average Annual
Single Family 648 162
Plexes 260 65
Multifamily 1,077 269
Mobile Homes 34 9
Total 2,019 505
Source: City of Yakima
Yakima home values have increased measurably in recent years. As indicated in Exhibit 11, median
home values in Yakima increased to $329,195 in December 2023, up 2.3% annually over the past two
years. Other cities in the region have experienced similar housing cost increases.
Exhibit 11: Home Value Index in Select Markets
Annual Avg.
Dec-21 Dec-22 Dec-23 Growth
Yakima $307,150 $321,739 $329,195 2.3%
Ellensburg $404,504 $436,419 $442,247 3.0%
Wenatchee $428,973 $448,884 $449,759 1.6%
Toppenish $227,249 $244,433 $249,245 3.1%
Source:Zillow.com;analysis by FCS.
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL MARKET POTENTIAL
Third quarter 2023 real estate brokerage reports for the Yakima Market Area indicated that building
vacancy rates have remained very low at 4.6% for industrial buildings, and 2.6%for office in the
region was vacant'.
As shown above in Exhibit 7, significant growth has been occurring in the industrial and retail
sectors in Yakima over the past decade and longer. Based on the trends in job growth, FCS GROUP
prepared two job growth forecast scenarios that can be used to forecast employment land needs in
Yakima over the next ten years.
Job growth forecast Scenario 1 assumes an extrapolation of the historic rates of job growth with an
average employment density factor of 20 jobs per acre for industrial/other uses and 40 jobs per acre
for commercial and office uses. Under this growth forecast, Yakima is projected to require 215 acres
for industrial uses and 18 acres for commercial and office uses every ten years (Exhibit 12).
' Office and Industrial Market Reports prepared by the Remlinger Group using Co Star data.
•:;> FCS GROUP page 11
March 2024 14
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Exhibit 12: Yakima Employment Land Need Assumptions, Scenario 1
Historic
Jobs per Annual Job Land Need Acres every
Sector Acre Growth Acres per yr 10 yrs
Industrial 20 429 21.5 215
Commercial/Office 40 73 1.8 18
Job growth forecast Scenario 2 also assumes the same level of job growth as Scenario 1, but
estimates the employment land needs based on building square footage. As shown below in Exhibit
13,the number of jobs per 1,000 square feet of building floor area range: industrial uses @ 1.5 jobs
per 1,000 SF; commercial and office uses @ 3 jobs per 1,000 SF. Using a floor-area ratio of 0.2 for
industrial and 0.35 for commercial, Yakima would require approximately 328 acres of industrial and
16 acres of commercial land over a ten-year period.
Exhibit 13: Yakima Employment Land Need Assumptions, Scenario 2
Historic Annual Land Need
Jobs Per Annual Job Building SF Floor-Area Land Need every 10 yrs
Sector 1000 SF Growth Needs Ratio Acres per Yr (Acres)
Industrial 1.5 429 286,133 0.2 32.8 328
Commercial/Office 3.0 73 24,367 0.35 1.6 16
4) FCS GROUP page 12
March 2024 15
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
III . SUBAREA DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
BUILDABLE LAND INVENTORY
As part of this study, an estimate of the buildable land inventory (BLI) within Yakima's Growth
Areas was created to determine the amount of land available for housing and employment. The BLI
analysis uses the most current Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data provided by the City and
County of Yakima.
The objective of the BLI is to determine the amount of developable land available for future
residential housing and economic development within the UGB. A complete description of the BLI
Methodology is provided in Appendix A.
The BLI analysis is used to calculate the gross acres, developed acres, environmentally constrained
acres, and net buildable acres within each area. As shown in Exhibit 14,the findings indicate that the
total net buildable acres ranges from 139 acres in Area 2—South Airport to 1,293 acres in Area 1—
Terrace Heights. BLI findings are also utilized to depict potential new development for housing and
jobs within each study area.
Exhibit 14: Yakima Employment Land Need Assumptions, Scenario 2
Net Net Net
Gross Buildable Buildable Buildable Total Net
Total Developed Constrain- Buildable Commerci Industrial Residentia Buildable
ubarea Acres Acres ed Acres Acres al Acres Acres I Acres Acres
1 Terrace Heights 4,510 2,022 1,024 1,464 57 267 969 1,293
2 South Airport 553 143 83 326 - 74 65 139
3 Bachelor Creek 1,084 385 218 481 - - 258 258
4 West Valley 2,056 926 164 966 48 - 848 896
5 Northwest 1,088 379 443 266 - - 317 317
Total 9,291 3,856 1,932 3,504 105 341 2,457 2,903
*includes buildable land in tax lots of 5 or more acres, excluding constrained acres
Source: Yakima Growth Study, GIS analysis by 3J Consulting and FCS GROUP, Dec. 2023.
STUDY AREA OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS
The following section highlights unique existing characteristics of each annexation area being
considered.
Area 1 Terrace Heights
Exhibit 15 below shows an area map of Terrace Heights.
4> FCS GROUP page 13
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City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Exhibit 15: Terrace Heights Area Map
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As shown in Exhibit 16,the Terrace Heights area is the largest of the study areas with 4,510 acres
and has the most significant levels of existing development. The Terrace Heights area is home to
8,735 full-time residents, 2,642 workers, and includes nearly $1.3 billion in existing assessed
property and improvement value according to the Yakima County Assessor (2023).
Exhibit 16: Terrace Heights Existing Conditions
Area 1 -Terrace Hei hts
Assessed Value $1,281,596,250
Jobs 2,642
Population 8,735
Median HH Income $70,477
Median Home Value $321,341
Median Age 43,6
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online, Yakima County Assessor
The Terrace Heights area has significant future development potential. As shown below in Exhibit
17, it is estimated that vacant buildable land in the Terrace Heights area could accommodate 2,713
new housing units as well as 2,373 additional jobs, including 1,495 industrial jobs and 878 service
jobs.
4> FCS GROUP page 14
March 2024 17
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Exhibit 17: Terrace Heights Development Potential
Subarea 1: Terrace Heights
Housing Units
Potential New Dwelling Unit 2,713
Job.
Potential New Service Jobs 878
Potential New Industrial/Other Jobs 1,495
Potential Total Jobs 2,373
Source: Yakima Growth Study, GIS analysis by 3J Consulting and FCS GROUP
Area 1 Infrastructure Needs
• Water: The area is predominantly served by the Yakima County-owned Terrace Heights Water
System which serves much of the employment land in the area along with the eastern residential
areas. The remainder of Terrace Heights is served by approximately 30 separate neighborhood-
scale water utilities.
• Sewer: Most of the area is served by the Terrace Heights Sewer District with some parcels
outside the service area served by in-site systems.
• Roads and Streets: Most streets are maintained by the County. The Terrace Heights
transportation network is being planned and designed to meet standards set by the County's
Horizon 2040 Plan. Congestion along the Yakima Avenue/Terrace Heights Drive corridor has
triggered Yakima County's concurrency requirements, which limits new development permits
along this important roadway corridor. Transportation infrastructure investment is needed,
particularly replacement of a bridge crossing the Yakima River.
Area 2 South Airport
Exhibit 18 depicts a map of the South Airport area.
Exhibit 18: South Airport Area Map
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4> FCS GROUP page 15
March 2024 18
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
At 553 total acres,the South Airport area is the smallest of the five annexation areas under
consideration. This area is home to 945 full-time residents, 151 workers, and includes approximately
$107.5 million in existing assessed value (Exhibit 19).
Exhibit 19: South Airport Existing Conditions
Area 2-South Airport to Ahtanum Road
Assessed Value $107,493,400
Jobs 151
Population 945
Median HH Income $96,197
Median Home Value $326,374
Median Age 46.4
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online,Yakima County Assessor
As shown below in Exhibit 20, it is estimated that the South Airport area could accommodate 181
additional housing units as well as 414 added jobs in the future.
Exhibit 20: South Airport Development Potential
Subarea 2: South Air•ort
Housing Units
Potential New Dwelling Units 181
Jobs
Potential New Service Jobs -
Potential New Industrial/Other Jobs 414
Potential Total Jobs 414
Source: Yakima Growth Study, GIS analysis by 3J Consulting and FCS GROUP
Area 2 Infrastructure Needs
• Water: The area is currently within the Nob Hill Water District. However,the distribution
system is mostly confined to a mainline along Ahtanum Road. Water service in the South Airport
area will require expansion of the distribution system.
• Sewer: The vast majority of this area is on septic systems. The City of Yakima has several sewer
lines that run adjacent to the area including 12"pipes serving the Sozo Sports Complex and a line
running along Spring Creek Road. As with water, serving the South Airport area will require
expansion of the wastewater system.
• Roads and Streets: Streets in the area are maintained by the County, with two transportation
primary east/west arterials, including Spring Creek Road to the north and Ahtanum Road to the
south. 52"d Avenue provides the primary north/south arterial access. Expansions to the
transportation network will likely include local streets built along with development.
Area 3 Bachelor Creek
Exhibit 20 below shows an area map of Bachelor Creek.
•4•> FCS GROUP page 16
March 2024 19
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Exhibit 20: Bachelor Creek Area Map
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Area 3
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The 1,084-acre Bachelor Creek/Wiley City area is located west of the Airport area and SW of current
city limits. This area is home to 1,429 residents, 282 workers and includes $189.5 million in existing
assessed value (Exhibit 21).
Exhibit 21: Bachelor Creek Existing Conditions
Area 3-Bachelor Creek, Spring Creek to Wiley City
Assessed Value $189,504,450
Jobs 282
Population 1,429
Median HH Income $74,380
Median Home Value $367,917
Median Age 40.9
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online,Yakima County Assessor
As shown below in Exhibit 22, all of the buildable land in the Bachelor Creek area is planned for
residential and the area could add approximately 722 new dwelling units in the future.
Exhibit 22: Bachelor Creek Development Potential
Subarea 3: Bachelor Creek
Housing Units
Potential New Dwellin Units 722
Jobs
Potential New Service Jobs -
Potential New Industrial/Other Jobs -
Potential Total Jobs -
Source: Yakima Growth Study, GIS analysis by 3J Consulting and FCS GROUP
4> FCS GROUP page 17
March 2024 20
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Area 3 Infrastructure Needs
• Water: As with the South Airport area, Bachelor Creek is currently within the Nob Hill Water
District. The Bachelor Creek area has slightly more distribution in place currently, especially in
the Wiley City area and Ahtanum areas.
• Sewer: Like the South Airport area, Bachelor Creek residents are mostly on septic systems.
Existing City of Yakima sewer lines run along Ahtanum Road and the 74t'and 78t'Avenue
corridors. Servicing the area will require a significant extension along Ahtanum Road.
• Roads and Streets: The eastern portion of the Bachelor Creek area are served by Ahtanum and
Occidental Roads as well as 74t'' and 78t'Avenues. Expansions to the transportation network of
eastern Bachelor Creek will likely include local streets built along with development. The Wiley
City area is connected by Ahtanum Road and is relatively well built out in terms of transportation
infrastructure.
Area 4 West Valley
Exhibit 23 shows an area map of West Valley.
Exhibit 23: West Valley Area Map
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Area 4 '``r -Z
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4> FCS GROUP page 18
March 2024 21
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Situated along Yakima western city limits,the 2,056-acre West Valley area is the second largest of
the annexation areas under consideration. The West Valley area is home to 1,352 residents, 497
workers and includes $329.8 million in assessed property value (Exhibit 24).
Exhibit 24: West Valley Existing Conditions
Area 4-West Valley to Dazet and Estes Roads
Assessed Value $329,820,980
Jobs 497
Population 1,352
Median HH Income $79,308
Median Home Value $365,269
Median Age 40.1
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online,Yakima County Assessor
The West Valley area includes significant amounts of vacant and underutilized land, along with
several parcels designated for institutional use. As shown below in Exhibit 25, it is estimated that
buildable land in the West Valley area could accommodate 2,375 new housing units as well as 739
additional jobs.
Exhibit 25: West Valley Development Potential
Subarea 4:West Valle
Housing Units 11
Potential New Dwelling Units 2,375
Jobs
Potential New Service Jobs 739
Potential New Industrial/Other Jobs -
Potential Total Jobs 739
Source: Yakima Growth Study, GIS analysis by 3J Consulting and FCS GROUP
Area 4 Infrastructure Needs
• Water: This area is also within the Nob Hill Water District. The distribution network in the West
Valley area is limited to major arterials (Tieton Dr.,Wide Hollow Rd., Summitview Ave.).
• Sewer: Most of the area is on septic systems apart from the school buildings along Zier Road.
City sewer infrastructure is in place leading to the boundary of the West Valley area but
mainlines would have to be extended to serve future development.
• Roads and Streets: Several backbone north/south and east/west arterials are present in the West
Valley area with the transportation network most complete in and around recent subdivisions.
4*:) FCS GROUP page 19
March 2024 22
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Area 5 Northwest
Exhibit 26 shows a map of the Northwest subarea.
Exhibit 26: Northwest Area Map
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The 1,088-acre Northwest area is located to the northwest of the Yakima city limits. The Northwest
area is home to 809 residents, 177 workers and includes nearly $200 million in assessed value
(Exhibit 27).
Exhibit 27: Northwest Existing Conditions
Area 5-Northwest Scenic Road to Cowiche Creek
Assessed Value $199,986,650
Jobs 177
Population 809
Median HH Income $104,962
Median Home Value $386,765
Median Age 49.3
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online,Yakima County Assessor
The Northwest area includes significant vacant and underutilized land. As shown below in Exhibit
28, it is estimated that the area could potentially add 888 new housing units. All remaining buildable
land is planned for residential development.
Exhibit 28: Northwest Development Potential
Subarea 5: Northwest
Housing Units
Potential New Dwelling Units 888
Jobs
Potential New Service Jobs -
Potential New Industrial/Other Jobs -
Potential Total Jobs -
Source: Yakima Growth Study, GIS analysis by 3J Consulting and FCS GROUP
4> FCS GROUP page 20
March 2024 23
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Area 5 Infrastructure Needs
• Water: Most of the Northwest area is served by the Nob Hill Water District apart from a small
western portion which is served by the City of Yakima. As with other annexation areas, water
mains are present along arterials in the area but would have to be developed further to meet the
demands of growth.
• Sewer: Most of the Northwest area is likely on septic systems with the western portion of the
potential annexation area on City of Yakima sewer service. Significant transmission
infrastructure will be needed to serve this area which is likely to be complicated by the
topography of the area.
• Roads and Streets: Due to the topography of the Northwest area arterial roadways are sparce
and mostly nonlinear. Development of additional roadway capacity will be necessary to meet the
demands of development with an added capital cost attributed to the need for extraordinary
geotechnical work and the need for retaining walls for land stabilization in areas with steep
topography.
INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICEABILITY
As part of this study, FCS GROUP reviewed public facility master plans, and met with City of
Yakima community development, finance and public works staff and received input from the Nob
Hill Water District. This input was imperative for understanding the relative serviceability of each
subarea with respect to the general cost of providing adequate water, sewer and transportation
capacity to accommodate the current and future development within each subarea.
With an understanding of the relative public facility capital and infrastructure costs for each area and
the potential community benefits (measured by existing and potential assessed valuation, housing and
employment) a relative scoring system was used to rank each subarea.
As shown in Exhibit 29,the relative serviceability in rank order is as follows:
• Area 1—Terrace Heights (Highest overall serviceability score)
• Area 4—West (second Highest serviceability score)
• Area 2—South Airport &Area 3—Southwest (tied for third Highest serviceability score)
• Area 5—Northwest (Lowest overall serviceability score)
•:> FCS GROUP page 21
March 2024 24
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Exhibit 29: Infrastructure and Public Facility Serviceability Comparison
Relative Infrastructure Serviceability& Growth Potential
Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4 Area 5
Facility Type m
Overall Public Facility Serviceability I
Potential AV Added with Annexation
Potential Pop Added with Annexation
Future Housing Opportunities
Future Job Opportunities
Total Relative Score(Avg.)
Avg. Ranking 1.2 3.2 3.2 2.0 3.6
LEGEND
Highest Relative Change or Impact to City
Moderate Change or Impact to City
Lowest Relative Change or Impact to City
•4•> FCS GROUP page 22
March 2024 25
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
IV. FISCAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
This section evaluates the potential annual or ongoing fiscal impact that annexation areas could have
on the City of Yakima General Fund.
METHODOLOGY
To evaluate annual fiscal costs and benefits of serving local residents and daytime
employment/visitation within the City, FCS GROUP analyzed City of Yakima budget history (FY
2014-2024). The focus of this analysis is on General Government operating revenues and
expenditures, which tend to increase or decrease with changes in population and employment within
the City of Yakima.
The approach used to conduct this analysis entailed the following steps:
1. Compile annual revenue and expense data from prior City of Yakima audited financial
statements and current budget year for selected line items contained in the General
Government Fund for period between 2014 and 2024 (see Exhibit 30 for a list of the budget
line items included in this analysis).
2. Prepare 3-year moving average to smooth out anomalies in the City's budget history. This
approach tends to "dampen" extraordinary impacts created by recessions and special events,
such as the Global Covid-19 Pandemic.
3. Compile historic trends and current estimates of resident population and employment (at
place of work jobs) within the City for the period extending from 2014 to 2023, using
estimates from the U.S. Census Revenue Line Items Expense Line Items
Bureau and the Washington 311 Property Tax 100 Salaries&Wages
313 Retail Sales and Use Tax zoo Personnel Benefits
Office of Employment Security.
313 Criminal Justice Tax 300 Supplies
4. Calculate the 3-year moving 314 Water Utility Tax 400 Other Services and Charges
average of historic annual 314 Wastewater Utility Tax
General Fund expenses and 314 Refuse Utility Tax
revenues for the City; focusing 314 Stormwater Utility Tax
on the line items that most 316 Business Licenses
316 Electric Utility Tax
affected by changes in population 316 Private Water Frchs/Util Tax
or jobs. 316 Gas Franchise/Utility Tax
5. Identify 3-year moving average 316 Private Garbage Utility Tax
depicting City General Fund 316 Cable TV Utility Tax
316 Cable TV Franchise Fees
expense and revenue estimates
316 Cellular Utility Tax
per job (at place of work
316 Telephone Utility Tax
employment) within the City. 317 BEET
6. Convert nominal dollars for all 317 Leasehold Excise Tax
budget years to real 2024 dollar 317 Gambling Tax
317 Assessments
amounts using annual U.S.
317 Transportation Benefit District TBD
Consumer Price Index data from Exhibit 30: General Fund Categories Included in Fiscal Impact
Assessment
I —
4****) FCS GROUP page 23
March 2024 26
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
7. Translate General Fund revenue and expense impacts per capita and per job into expected
impacts per net developed acre of residential land (by housing type) and per acre of
developed employment land (for commercial and industrial buildings).
In addition to measuring the relative impact that new residents or workers would likely place on the
City's General Fund,this annexation analysis also considers the relative impact annexation areas
would likely have on property tax revenues and sales and use taxes, as described below.
Fiscal Impact Drivers
To quantify the relative fiscal impact of each annexation study area it is necessary to understand the
relationship between the main drivers of fiscal spending: population, housing and employment and
their impacts on annual General Government revenues and expenditures. For analysis purposes, FCS
relied upon data provided by the Washington Office of Financial Management(OFM) for historical
population estimates for the City of Yakima. Historic employment estimates for the City were
obtained using U.S. Census, On-the-Map data. Current population and employment estimates and 3-
year projections were obtained using ESRI Business Analyst data (Exhibit 31).
Exhibit 31: Population and Employment Estimates and Forecasts
Population and Employment Trends, City of Yakima
Resident Population Employment(by Place of Work)
Year Estimate Year Estimate
2010 91,196 2010 40,882
2011 91,892 2011 40,147
2012 92,317 2012 40,873
2013 93,093 2013 42,646
2014 93,706 2014 44,046
2015 93,927 2015 45,259
2016 94,217 2016 46,008
2017 95,020 2017 47,288
2018 95,455 2018 49,111
2019 95,771 2019 47,341
2020 96,968 2020 45,442
2021 97,810 2021 47,282
2022 98,200 Source: Census On the Map
2023 98,650
Source: Washington OFM Year Emp. Forecast
2022 Est. 47,776
Year Pop. Forecast 2023 Est. 48,276
2024 Est. 99,257 2024 Est. 48,790
2025 Proj. 99,868 2025 Proj. 49,308
2026 Proj. 100,483 2026 Proj. 49,832
2027 Proj. 101,102 2027 Proj. 50,362
Notes: Forecast values assume historic CAGR.
CAGR= compound annual growth rate.
Historic 14-year CAGR: Pop. Historic 12-year CAGR: Employment
0.62% populuation 1.06% employment _
Sources: Washington Office of Financial Management, U.S. Census, ESRI(projections).
The population and employment estimates shown above along with 3-year moving averages
depicting General Government spending and revenues have been utilized to quantify key fiscal
impact metrics that are used in this study.
+.> FCS GROUP page 24
March 2024 27
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Kay fiscal impact measures used in this analysis include:
• Annual General Government expenditures and revenues per capita
• Annual General Government expenditures and revenues per job (average)
• Annual General Government expenditures and revenues per retail job
GENERAL GOVERNMENT FISCAL IMPACTS
The analysis of the average annual fiscal impact on the City of Yakima General Government fund is
summarized below in Exhibit 32. After converting the 3-year moving average amounts from
nominal dollars into constant 2024 dollars, it is estimated that each net new resident in the City
generates approximately $2,424 in revenues and $1,859 in annual expenses, with a net impact of
$575 per person.
The employment impact analysis indicates that there is higher net fiscal benefit associated with jobs
in the City, with an overall net fiscal benefit of$890 per year to the General Fund. Commercial retail
jobs generate an even higher overall net fiscal benefit to the General Fund of approximately $1,532
per job.
Exhibit 32:
Avg. Annual General Fund Impact Per Pop. &Per Job (2024$)
Average Annual Impact FY 2014-2023
GF Revenue GF Expense Net GF Impact
Gen. Fund Impact Per Pop. $ 2,434 $ (1,859) $ 575
Gen. Fund Impact Per Avg.Job $ 5,117 $ (4,227) $ 890
Gen. Fund Impact Per Retail Job $ 5,759 $ (4,227) $ 1,532
As new areas are annexed into the City (typically through property-owner petitions)there are
generally two types of ongoing annual fiscal impacts on the General Fund:
1. Short-term impact: reflects the addition of assessed value from current development to the
calculation of local mil rates and/or changes in property tax revenue. Depending upon the
number of people and businesses in the annexation area, there may also be some change in
the City/County allocation of miscellaneous tax revenues from sales and use tax collections,
state shared taxes (i.e., fuel tax, liquor tax, etc.), utility franchise tax revenue, etc.
2. Long-term impact: if an annexation area develops new housing or attracts new businesses
there will be an additional fiscal impact that will increase General Government revenues and
expenditures as local services (such City administration, planning,public facility operations,
police service, etc.) are extended into that area.
It should be noted that this fiscal impact section focuses only on ongoing annual General
Government revenues and expenditures and does not account for one-time capital facility
investments that are unique to each area. For a discussion on infrastructure
serviceability and relative capital costs please refer to the previous chapter.
•:;> FCS GROUP page 25
March 2024 28
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Short-Term Fiscal Impacts
The factors that primarily drive short-term fiscal impacts for each annexation study area include
existing population, existing housing (dwelling units), retail and non-retail jobs, and existing taxable
assessed value (Exhibit 33).
Exhibit 33:
Current Fiscal Impact Drivers by Annexation Area
Daytime Current
Pop- Dwelling Total Retail Resident Daytime Taxable AV
Subarea ulation Units Jobs Jobs Pop. Emp. ($M)
1 Terrace Heights 8,735 3,777 2,578 377 4,317 2,578 $ 1,082.2
2 South Airport 945 356 162 82 451 162 $ 97.0
3 Bachelor Creek 1,429 572 273 99 812 273 $ 151.0
4 West Valley 1,352 499 884 47 777 884 $ 280.4
5 Northwest 809 321 82 34 487 82 $ 170.0
Citywide 98,579 37,192 44,034 5,328 $ 11,665.1
Notes:
1.Derived from ESRI Business Analyst,and Washingon Dept. of Revenue data.
2.Analysis reflects current average retail sales per job in City.
3.Analysis reflects current Sales and Use Tax for City(0.018%)
Compiled by FCS GROUP.
The precise impact of annexations on property tax revenue is difficult to predict given Washington
State constitutional limits on the amount of General Fund revenue local jurisdictions can assess (1%
annual limitation on existing AV plus the value of new construction). Hence,the initial result of
annexations may result in a slight increase in General Fund Revenue (of 1%) with a concomitant
downward pressure on local mil rates for most taxable properties within the City boundary.
The relative fiscal impact from the potential increase in taxable values for each annexation area is
shown in Exhibit 34. In the analysis shown, for each $100 million in taxable AV,there is a potential
equivalent impact of either a $190,000 increase in General Fund property tax revenues or a slight
decrease in the citywide property tax mil rate from approximately 1.85527 to 1.8395 per $1,000 AV.
4> FCS GROUP page 26
March 2024 29
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Exhibit 34:
Property Tax Impact for Annexation Subareas
Annual City
Land RMV Imp.RMV Total RMV Est.Taxable Prop.Tax
Subarea ($M) ($M) ($M) AV($M)z Impact 3
1 Terrace Heights $ 247.0 $ 1,026.2 $ 1,273.2 $ 1,082.2 $ 2,010,000
2 South Airport $ 31.5 $ 82.6 $ 114.1 $ 97.0 $ 180,000
3 Bachelor Creek $ 37.9 $ 139.8 $ 177.7 $ 151.0 $ 280,000
4 West Valley $ 61.5 $ 268.4 $ 329.9 $ 280.4 $ 520,000
5 Northwest $ 43.0 $ 157.0 $ 200.0 $ 170.0 $ 320,000
Notes:
1.Derived from Yakima County Assessor Records,Dec. 2023.
2.Adjusted downward by 15%to account for tax exempt uses.
3.Assumes 2024 mil rate of.. 1.855272 per$1,000 AV.
RMV=real market value per Yakima County Assessor,2024.
Within the study areas there is already an existing amount of commercial retail development that
would generate local sales and use tax revenues after the first year of annexation. Terrace Heights
has the most significant level of current retail sales ($13.4 million) which if taxed at current City
rates (0.18%) would generate approximately $242,000 annually for the City (Exhibit 35).
Exhibit 35:
Sales Tax Impact for Annexation Subareas
Existing Retail Current Annual Annual City Sales
Subarea Jobs 1 Retail Sales &Use Tax Impact 2
1 Terrace Heights 377 $ 13,440,000 $ 242,000
2 South Airport 82 $ 2,940,000 $ 53,000
3 Bachelor Creek 99 $ 3,560,000 $ 64,000
4 West Valley 47 $ 1,670,000 $ 30,000
5 Northwest 34 $ 1,220,000 $ 22,000
Notes:
1.Derived from ESRI Business Analyst,and Washingon Dept.of Revenue data.
2.Analysis reflects current average retail sales per job in City.
3.Analysis reflects current Sales and Use Tax for City(0.018%)
The estimated annual fiscal impacts to the City of Yakima in the short-term are summarized in
Exhibit 36. This analysis is provided for comparative purposes only and assumes that the entirety of
each study area is annexed in the City. Based on current levels of development,the findings indicate
that the annual fiscal impact on the General Fund ranges from $864 per net acre of developed land in
Area 4-West Valley to a high of$3,136 per acre in Area 2-South Airport.
The findings also indicate that the relative fiscal impact per gross acre ranges from $377 in Area 5:
Northwest to $907 in Area 1-Terrace Heights.
4*:) FCS GROUP page 27
March 2024 30
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Exhibit 36:
Fiscal Impact Based on Current Development
= Potential Annual Net Gen.Fund Impact
Annual Fiscal Annual
Based on Total Net Impact per Fiscal
Based on Current Fiscal Impact Gross Developed Developed Impact per
Subarea Current Pop 1 Jobs 1 (weighted)2 Acres' Acres' Acre Gross Acre
1 Terrace Heights $ 5,023,449 $2,537,039 $ 4,090,000 4,510 2,022 $ 2,023 $ 907
2 South Airport $ 543,464 $ 196,861 $ 450,000 553 143 $ 3,136 $ 814
3 Bachelor Creek $ 821,810 $ 306,590 $ 690,000 1,084 385 $ 1,792 $ 637
4 West Valley $ 777,528 $ 817,135 $ 800,000 2,056 926 $ 864 $ 389
5 Northwest $ 465,251 $ 94,827 $ 410,000 1,088 379 $ 1,082 $ 377
Notes:
1.Derived from prior tables.
2.Analysis reflects weighted average based on total daytime pop and jobs in each area.
3.Analysis reflects Buildable Land Inventory findings,Dec.2023.
Compiled by FCS GROUP.
Long-Term Fiscal Impacts
The long-term fiscal impact analysis provides a relative comparison based on the assumption that the
current vacant and part-vacant buildable land (with no environmental constraints) is developed by the
end of the study time frame. The baseline scenario assumes an average housing and job density levels
discussed previously in this report.
The findings shown in Exhibit 37 indicate that the potential net new fiscal impact per acre of
buildable land area ranges from $1,315 per buildable acre in Area 1-Terrace Heights to $1,660/acre
in Area 2-South Airport.
Exhibit 37:
Fiscal Impact Based on Future Net New Development
•. -1 .• _,, • ►- -, i. u.. (, -)
Annual Fiscal
Based on Based on Total Net Impact per
Future Net Future Jobs Fiscal Impact Buildable Buildable
Subarea New Pop 1 (weighted)2 Acres s Acre
1 Terrace Heights $ 1,560,346 $2,112,509 $ 1,700,000 1,293 $ 1,315
2 South Airport $ 103,909 $ 368,886 $ 230,000 139 $ 1,660
3 Bachelor Creek $ 415,448 $ - $ 420,000 258 $ 1,628
4 West Valley $ 1,365,993 $ 658,056 $ 1,370,000 896 $ 1,529
5 Northwest $ 510,454 $ - $ 510,454 317 $ 1,610
Notes:
1.Derived from prior tables,impacts reflect buildout of unconstrained vacant land in tax lots over 5 acres.
2.Analysis reflects weighted average based on total daytime pop and jobs in each area.
3.Analysis reflects Buildable Land Inventory findings,Dec.2023.
Compiled by FCS GROUP.
Overall Fiscal Impacts
The overall fiscal impact analysis combines that short-term impacts with the long-term impacts to
provide a comparison of the potential fiscal impact each area could have on the City in Year 20 or
after each area achieves full development of the buildable acres shown in the prior table.
•4•> FCS GROUP page 28
March 2024 31
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
The findings indicate that the relative fiscal impact per gross acre ranges from $846 in Area 5-
Northwest to $1,284 in Area 1—Terrace Heights (Table 38).
Exhibit 38:
Annual Fiscal Impact Based on Current&Future Development
Potential Annual Net Gen.Fund Impact(in Future)
Annual Fiscal Annual
Current Net Future Net Total Developed& Impact per Fiscal
Fiscal Impact Fiscal Potential Net Gross Buildable Buildable Impact per
`' 2 Impact Fiscal Impact Acres s Acres s Acre Gross Acre
1 Terrace Heights $ 4,090,000 $1,700,000 $ 5,790,000 4,510 3,315 $ 1,747 $ 1,284
2 South Airport $ 450,000 $ 230,000 $ 680,000 553 282 $ 2,411 $ 1,230
3 Bachelor Creek $ 690,000 $ 420,000 $ 1,110,000 1,084 643 $ 1,726 $ 1,024
4 West Valley $ 800,000 $1,370,000 $ 2,170,000 2,056 1,823 $ 1,191 $ 1,055
5 Northwest $ 410,000 $ 510,454 $ 920,454 1,088 696 $ 1,322 $ 846
Notes:
1.Derived from prior tables,impacts reflect buildout of unconstrained vacant land in tax lots over 5 acres.
2.Analysis reflects weighted average based on total daytime pop and jobs in each area.
3.Analysis reflects Buildable Land Inventory findings,Dec.2023.
Compiled by FCS GROUP.
A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine how housing types can influence fiscal impacts. In
general, as housing density increases, fiscal impacts are more concentrated and the costs of providing
City services such as roadway maintenance can be minimized.
This fiscal impact sensitivity analysis assumes that the City establishes a long-term "annual net
fiscal impact target of$2,400 per buildable acre" for each study area. The findings indicate that
housing density of future development would need to increase in most areas to achieve that target. As
shown below, the minimum required density of future housing development to achieve the $2,400
target within each area would need to range from a low of 4 dwellings per acre in Area 2—South
Airport to a high of 11.6 dwellings per acre in Area 1—Terrace Heights (Exhibit 39).
Exhibit 39: Minimum Housing Density on New Development
to Achieve $2,400 Annual Net Fiscal Impact per Buildable Area
DUs per
Subarea Acre
1 Terrace Heights 11.6
2 South Airport 4.0
3 Bachelor Creek 8.3
4 West Valley 10.5
5 Northwest 9.9
4> FCS GROUP page 29
March 2024 32
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
SUMMARY & POLICY CONSIDERATIONS
The Yakima Annexation Growth Study provides a relative comparison of the costs and benefits of
serving potential areas outside the current City limits. This analysis considers community growth
opportunities for housing and employment over the long-term. The study included an assessment of
existing development conditions and future buildable lands for each study area. A baseline growth
forecast for housing and employment in each area is provided to ascertain the relative fiscal impacts
on General Government revenues and expenditures.
These findings also consider the near-term infrastructure serviceability and relative capital costs for
each area. Area 1—Terrace Heights and Area 4—West Valley received high highest
infrastructure and public facility serviceability rankings.
The findings indicate that there is likely an overall positive fiscal impact on the City's General
Fund for each annexation area. Based on current development conditions, land use regulations
and buildable lands,the most positive annual General Fund fiscal impacts per acre are
expected to be generated within Area 1—Terrace Heights and Area 2—South Airport. However,
local policies that encourage a mix of housing types (such as townhomes and apartments) can
measurably enhance the overall fiscal benefit that can be achieved in other annexation areas.
The methodology for this study may be applied to specific annexation requests in the future. As new
opportunities are advanced it is recommended that the City of Yakima evaluate the expected fiscal
impacts on the General Fund and also consider specific capital investment requirements and sources
of capital funding. Any potential funding gaps will then need to be addressed through new funding
techniques or development agreements to achieve positive fiscal sustainability.
4> FCS GROUP page 30
March 2024 33
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
APPENDIX A: BUILDABLE LAND INVENTORY
METHODOLOGY
YAKIMA BUILDABLE LAND INVENTORY METHODOLOGY
An estimate of buildable land inventory (BLI) within Yakima's Growth Annexation Areas has been
created to determine the amount of land available for housing and employment. The BLI analysis
uses the most current Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data provided by the City and County
of Yakima.
BUILDABLE LAND INVENTORY METHODOLOGY
The objective of the BLI is to determine the amount of developable land available for future
residential housing and economic development within the UGB. The steps taken to perform this
analysis are as follows:
1. Calculate gross acres by zoning designation, including classifications for fully vacant and
partially-vacant & underutilized parcels. The parcel data was provided by the City of Yakima.
Further City staff reviewed vacancy assumptions to provide a level of quality assurance.
2. Calculate gross buildable acres by zoning designation by subtracting land that is constrained
from future development, such as existing public right-of-way, parks and open space, steep
slopes, and floodplains.
3. Calculate net buildable acres by zone designation, by subtracting future public facilities such
as roads, schools and parks from gross buildable acres.
The detailed steps used to create the land inventory are described below.
Residential and Economic Land Base
The residential land base reflects current Yakima zoning designations. Properties that are within the
residential land base include the following base zone classifications:
Residential Zoning Categories
• SR Suburban Residential
• R-1 Single Family
• R-2 Two Family
• R-3 Multi-Family
• B-1 Professional Business District
• B-2 Professional Business District
• GC General Commercial District
The economic land base reflects current Yakima zoning categories. Properties that are within the
economic land base include the following base zone classifications:
Economic Zoning Categories
• B-1 Professional Business District
• B-2 Professional Business District
•4•> FCS GROUP page 31
March 2024 34
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
• GC General Commercial District
• SCC Small Convenience Center District
• M-1 Light Industrial District
The City has multiple overlay districts. Some of the land is within these overlays and can affect
future development.
Overlay Districts
• ASO Airport Safety Overlay with multiple zones
• FO Floodplain Overlay
• GO Greenway Overlay
These classifications have been kept consistent throughout the analysis.
Yakima Buildable Land Categories
Vacant land: Properties with no structures or have buildings with little value. For purpose of the
BLI, tax lots with improvement value less than $10,000 with a lot size of at least 3,000 sq.ft. are
considered vacant. In addition, lots with the land use code 81 (Agricultural Not Current Use), 83
(Current use Agricultural), 91 (Undeveloped Land) and 99 (Other Undeveloped Land) are
assumed to be vacant. These lands were also subjected to review using satellite imagery via
Google Earth; and if the land is in a committed use such as a parking lot, an assessment has been
made to determine if it is to be classified as vacant, part vacant or developed.
Partially vacant land: Properties that are occupied by a use (e.g., a home or building structure with
value over $10,000) but have enough land to be subdivided without the need for rezoning. This
determination is made using tax assessor records and satellite imagery. For Single Family lots, it
is assumed that '/4 acre (10,890 sq. ft.) is retained by each existing home, and the remainder is
included in the part vacant land inventory. For other residential uses aerial imagery was used to
determine the size of the unused portion. For commercial or industrial lots with structures that
are in value 40%below their land value, it is assumed that half the lot is developed and the other
half is vacant. Or commercial or industrial lots of at least one acre in size and one half-acre of
unimproved land.
Redevelopment Potential: Occupied properties with a higher land value than the on-site structure.
Properties must be at least 20,000 sq.ft. to be considered of interest for redevelopment.
Developed: Properties unlikely to yield additional growth.
Other: Properties which are regarded as unlikely to be developed because they are restricted by
existing uses such as: Public lands, public parks, schools, ballfields, roads and public right-of-
way (ROW); common areas held by Homeowners Associations, cemeteries, power substations,
and constrained by more than 85% of its area.
These tax lot classifications were validated using satellite imagery, street view, building permit data,
and assessor records. Preliminary results were refined by City staff.
Environmental Constraints
The BLI methodology for identifying and removing development constraints is consistent for
residential and employment land. "Buildable Land" includes residential and economic designated
land within the 5 annexation areas, including vacant, part vacant and land that is likely to be
redeveloped; and suitable, available and necessary for residential and economic uses. Public-owned
land is generally not considered to be available for new growth unless the underlying zoning permits
•4•> FCS GROUP page 32
March 2024 35
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
it. It should be noted that "available" in this context does not mean that the land is presently on the
market. It is assumed in this analysis that such land is expected to come on the market within the 20-
year timeframe of this study. Land is considered to be "suitable for new development" unless it is:
• Is severely constrained by natural hazards
• Is within a floodway
• Is within a shoreline environment
• Is affected by a wetland
• Is affected by geological hazards
• Has slopes over 40 percent
• Cannot be provided or served with public facilities
Some lands can still be developed even if within a natural hazard. For the purpose of this study these
lands are constrained by 50%of the following hazard:
• Land within the 100-year floodplains. This includes lands in the floodplain overlay.
• Slopes between 15 and 40%.
The following map (Figure A-1) depicts the results of the BLI which is used for this study.
4****) FCS GROUP page 33
March 2024 36
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Figure A-1: Yakima Buildable Land Inventory
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page 34****> FCS GROUP
March 2024 37
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
APPENDIX B : ESRI MARKET DATA
•
�s1� esri£ Market Profile
Yakima City,WA Prepared by Esri
Yakima City,WA(5380010)
Geography: Place
Yakima city,...
Population Summary
2010 Total Population 91,788
2020 Total Population 96,968
2020 Group Quarters 2,078
2023 Total Population 98,579
2023 Group Quarters 1,907
2028 Total Population 99,551
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.20%
2023 Total Daytime Population 108,380
Workers 53,177
Residents 55,203
Household Summary
2010 Households 33,297
2010 Average Household Size 2.68
2020 Total Households 35,379
2020 Average Household Size 2.68
2023 Households 36,315
2023 Average Household Size 2.66
2028 Households 37,001
2028 Average Household Size 2.64
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.37%
2010 Families 21,619
2010 Average Family Size 3.30
2023 Families 23,377
2023 Average Family Size 3.28
2028 Families 23,891
2028 Average Family Size 3.23
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.44%
Housing Unit Summary
2000 Housing Units 33,380
Owner Occupied Housing Units 52.8%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 40.4%
Vacant Housing Units 6.8%
2010 Housing Units 35,056
Owner Occupied Housing Units 51.6%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 43.4%
Vacant Housing Units 5.0%
2020 Housing Units 37,192
Owner Occupied Housing Units 50.5%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 44.6%
Vacant Housing Units 4.9%
2023 Housing Units 38,114
Owner Occupied Housing Units 54.4%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 40.9%
Vacant Housing Units 4.7%
2028 Housing Units 38,715
Owner Occupied Housing Units 55.9%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 39.7%
Vacant Housing Units 4.4%
Data Note:Household population includes persons not residing in group quarters. Average Household Size is the household population
divided by total households. Persons in fanilies include the householder and persons related to the householder by birth, marriage,or
adoption. Per Capita Income represents the income received by all persons aged 15 years and over divided by the total population.
geography.
���> FCS GROUP page 35
March 2024 38
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
•
pi� esr�� Market Profile
�: Terrace Heights Prepared by Esri
Area: 8.3 square miles
Population Summary
2010 Total Population 6,850
2020 Total Population 8,821
2020 Group Quarters 172
2023 Total Population 8,735
2023 Group Quarters 175
2028 Total Population 8,753
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.04%
2023 Total Daytime Population 6,895
Workers 2,578
Residents 4,317
Household Summary
2010 Households 2,777
2010 Average Household Size 2.46
2020 Total Households 3,603
2020 Average Household Size 2.40
2023 Households 3,647
2023 Average Household Size 2.35
2028 Households 3,689
2028 Average Household Size 2.33
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.23%
2010 Families 2,016
2010 Average Family Size 2.84
2023 Families 2,627
2023 Average Family Size 2.72
2028 Families 2,663
2028 Average Family Size 2.68
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.27%
Housing Unit Summary
2000 Housing Units 2,597
Owner Occupied Housing Units 78.1%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 18.9%
Vacant Housing Units 3.0%
2010 Housing Units 2,884
Owner Occupied Housing Units 75.7%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 20.5%
Vacant Housing Units 3.7%
2020 Housing Units 3,738
Owner Occupied Housing Units 64.0%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 32.3%
Vacant Housing Units 3.7%
2023 Housing Units 3,777
Owner Occupied Housing Units 71.1%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 25.5%
Vacant Housing Units 3.4%
2028 Housing Units 3,807
Owner Occupied Housing Units 72.8%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 24.1%
Vacant Housing Units 3.1%
Data Note:Household population includes persons not residing in group quarters. Average Household Size is the household population
divided by total households. Persons in families include the householder and persons related to the householder by birth, marriage,or
adoption. Per Capita Income represents the income received by all persons aged 15 years and over divided by the total population.
geography.
+> FCS GROUP page 36
March 2024 39
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
•
pi� esr�� Market Profile
�: South Airport to Ahtanum Road Prepared by Esri
Area: 1.1 square miles
Population Summary
2010 Total Population 799
2020 Total Population 928
2020 Group Quarters 5
2023 Total Population 945
2023 Group Quarters 3
2028 Total Population 961
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.34%
2023 Total Daytime Population 613
Workers 162
Residents 451
Household Summary
2010 Households 302
2010 Average Household Size 2.64
2020 Total Households 344
2020 Average Household Size 2.68
2023 Households 350
2023 Average Household Size 2.69
2028 Households 360
2028 Average Household Size 2.66
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.57%
2010 Families 233
2010 Average Family Size 2.92
2023 Families 268
2023 Average Family Size 2.99
2028 Families 276
2028 Average Family Size 2.95
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.59%
Housing Unit Summary
2000 Housing Units 267
Owner Occupied Housing Units 82.8%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 12.7%
Vacant Housing Units 4.5%
2010 Housing Units 314
Owner Occupied Housing Units 80.6%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 15.6%
Vacant Housing Units 3.8%
2020 Housing Units 350
Owner Occupied Housing Units 83.7%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 14.6%
Vacant Housing Units 2.0%
2023 Housing Units 356
Owner Occupied Housing Units 81.5%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 16.9%
Vacant Housing Units 1.7%
2028 Housing Units 363
Owner Occupied Housing Units 83.5%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 15.7%
Vacant Housing Units 0.8%
Data Note:Household population includes persons not residing in group quarters. Average Household Size is the household population
divided by total households. Persons in families include the householder and persons related to the householder by birth, marriage,or
adoption. Per Capita Income represents the income received by all persons aged 15 years and over divided by the total population.
geography.
+> FCS GROUP page 37
March 2024 40
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
•
pi� esr�� Market Profile
�: Bachelor Creek, Spring Creek to Wiley City Prepared by Esri
Area: 1.83 square miles
Population Summary
2010 Total Population 1,162
2020 Total Population 1,388
2020 Group Quarters 13
2023 Total Population 1,429
2023 Group Quarters 7
2028 Total Population 1,471
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.58%
2023 Total Daytime Population 1,085
Workers 273
Residents 812
Household Summary
2010 Households 450
2010 Average Household Size 2.57
2020 Total Households 526
2020 Average Household Size 2.61
2023 Households 541
2023 Average Household Size 2.63
2028 Households 563
2028 Average Household Size 2.60
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.80%
2010 Families 345
2010 Average Family Size 2.88
2023 Families 412
2023 Average Family Size 2.96
2028 Families 429
2028 Average Family Size 2.92
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.81%
Housing Unit Summary
2000 Housing Units 393
Owner Occupied Housing Units 80.4%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 17.0%
Vacant Housing Units 2.5%
2010 Housing Units 467
Owner Occupied Housing Units 79.9%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 16.5%
Vacant Housing Units 3.6%
2020 Housing Units 553
Owner Occupied Housing Units 79.4%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 15.7%
Vacant Housing Units 5.2%
2023 Housing Units 572
Owner Occupied Housing Units 70.3%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 24.3%
Vacant Housing Units 5.4%
2028 Housing Units 590
Owner Occupied Housing Units 72.5%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 22.9%
Vacant Housing Units 4.6%
Data Note:Household population includes persons not residing in group quarters. Average Household Size is the household population
divided by total households. Persons in families include the householder and persons related to the householder by birth, marriage,or
adoption. Per Capita Income represents the income received by all persons aged 15 years and over divided by the total population.
geography.
+> FCS GROUP page 38
March 2024 41
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
•
` �� eSria Market Profile
: West Valley to Dazet and Estes Roads Prepared by Esri
Area: 3.43 square miles
Population Summary
2010 Total Population 1,131
2020 Total Population 1,389
2020 Group Quarters 10
2023 Total Population 1,352
2023 Group Quarters 5
2028 Total Population 1,353
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.01%
2023 Total Daytime Population 1,661
Workers 884
Residents 777
Household Summary
2010 Households 386
2010 Average Household Size 2.92
2020 Total Households 472
2020 Average Household Size 2.92
2023 Households 477
2023 Average Household Size 2.82
2028 Households 482
2028 Average Household Size 2.80
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.21%
2010 Families 301
2010 Average Family Size 3.29
2023 Families 370
2023 Average Family Size 3.18
2028 Families 375
2028 Average Family Size 3.14
2023-2028 Annual Rate 0.27%
Housing Unit Summary
2000 Housing Units 215
Owner Occupied Housing Units 83.3%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 10.7%
Vacant Housing Units 6.0%
2010 Housing Units 411
Owner Occupied Housing Units 76.9%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 17.0%
Vacant Housing Units 6.1%
2020 Housing Units 496
Owner Occupied Housing Units 77.6%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 17.5%
Vacant Housing Units 3.0%
2023 Housing Units 499
Owner Occupied Housing Units 75.2%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 20.4%
Vacant Housing Units 4.4%
2028 Housing Units 502
Owner Occupied Housing Units 77.1%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 18.9%
Vacant Housing Units 4.0%
Data Note:Household population includes persons not residing in group quarters. Average Household Size is the household population
divided by total households. Persons in families include the householder and persons related to the householder by birth, marriage,or
adoption. Per Capita Income represents the income received by all persons aged 15 years and over divided by the total population.
geography.
4> FCS GROUP page 39
March 2024 42
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
•
pi� esr�� Market Profile
�: Northwest Scenic Road to Cowiche Creek Prepared by Esri
Area: 1.83 square miles
Population Summary
2010 Total Population 717
2020 Total Population 802
2020 Group Quarters 0
2023 Total Population 809
2023 Group Quarters 0
2028 Total Population 937
2023-2028 Annual Rate 2.98%
2023 Total Daytime Population 569
Workers 82
Residents 487
Household Summary
2010 Households 289
2010 Average Household Size 2.48
2020 Total Households 310
2020 Average Household Size 2.59
2023 Households 309
2023 Average Household Size 2.62
2028 Households 365
2028 Average Household Size 2.57
2023-2028 Annual Rate 3.39%
2010 Families 216
2010 Average Family Size 2.84
2023 Families 229
2023 Average Family Size 3.01
2028 Families 271
2028 Average Family Size 2.94
2023-2028 Annual Rate 3.43%
Housing Unit Summary
2000 Housing Units 240
Owner Occupied Housing Units 85.0%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 13.8%
Vacant Housing Units 1.2%
2010 Housing Units 301
Owner Occupied Housing Units 79.1%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 16.9%
Vacant Housing Units 4.0%
2020 Housing Units 321
Owner Occupied Housing Units 79.4%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 17.1%
Vacant Housing Units 4.7%
2023 Housing Units 321
Owner Occupied Housing Units 88.5%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 7.8%
Vacant Housing Units 3.7%
2028 Housing Units 375
Owner Occupied Housing Units 76.8%
Renter Occupied Housing Units 20.5%
Vacant Housing Units 2.7%
Data Note:Household population includes persons not residing in group quarters. Average Household Size is the household population
divided by total households. Persons in families include the householder and persons related to the householder by birth, marriage,or
adoption. Per Capita Income represents the income received by all persons aged 15 years and over divided by the total population.
geography.
+> FCS GROUP page 40
March 2024 43
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
Area 2-South Area 3-Bachelor Area 4-West Area 5-Northwest
Area 1-Terrace
Businesses by NAICS CODE City Limits Airport to Creek,Spring Valley to Dazet Scenic Road to
Heights Ahtanum Road Creek to Wiley City and Estes Roads Cowiche Creek
Firms Employees Firms Employees Firms Employees Firms Employees Firms Employees Firms Employees
Agriculture,Forestry,Fishing&Hunting 18 934 2 12 0 0 0 1 1 4 1 2
Mining 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Utilities 4 87 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Construction 169 1,159 17 250 1 4 4 10 4 14 1 4
Manufacturing 127 3,139 6 162 1 85 1 5 1 3 1 5
Wholesale Trade 152 2,856 10 97 1 5 1 64 3 87 0 1
Retail Trade 473 6,729 22 755 1 10 1 29 4 69 3 109
Transportation&Warehousing 77 1,055 4 203 1 11 0 1 1 1 0 1
Information 82 766 7 240 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
Finance&Insurance 193 1,226 9 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5
Real Estate,Rental&Leasing 168 823 9 28 1 3 0 0 2 3 1 2
Professional,Scientific&Tech Services 289 2,152 10 158 1 7 1 2 3 8 2 8
Management of Companies&Enterprises 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Administrative,Support&Waste Management Services 97 891 7 62 0 2 1 2 2 5 1 2
Educational Services 91 3,571 5 126 0 12 1 94 4 211 0 0
Health Care&Social Assistance 425 9,761 7 116 0 4 0 1 1 8 1 6
Arts,Entertainment&Recreation 56 1,470 5 27 0 0 0 8 0 2 0 0
Accommodation&Food Services 275 4,057 8 87 0 1 1 37 3 28 2 17
Other Services(except Public Administration) 440 2,715 33 153 1 2 2 5 5 14 3 14
Public Administration 137 3,248 6 126 0 4 1 17 1 38 0 0
Unclassified Establishments 138 289 8 6 0 0 1 5 1 2 1 0
Total 3,412 46,931 173 2,642 9 151 16 282 38 497 18 177
•::> FCS GROUP page 41
March 2024 44
City of Yakima FCS GROUP
Growth Plan and Annexation Study
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
4> FCS GROUP page 42
Annexation Study Update
City Council Study Session
May 28, 2024
Overview
• FCS Group hired to study potential annexation areas within the City's
Urban Growth Area (UGA)
• Five areas were studied
• Existing conditions
• Development potential
• Fiscal impact on the City
Study Areas
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AREA.5 ,,- _,
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_ l• S .4"
� AREA 1
FF `" Annexation Areas Buildable Land 'r� r
... Q Yakima Urban Area Vacant
Constraints*
® Partially Vacant/Underutilized
"''" . n ^ Redevelopment Potential
-
i?_, nano,geningnaina:a.as,:mpesao% dngne, _
ARE94;4 !
._ S00 yearflootlplanantl areas wtM1aslope of l5%
anangne.a,e.e..,tteanyso% Other
Developed °
y _
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AREA 2 -.
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-
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Area 1 : Terrace Heights
......,.,N\
r f i / .y cf._� k Existing Conditions
J 1 i'4*' , 4
A �-' Jobs 2,642
""` . R.,= '"� ' ' Population 8,735
AI
` "' Annexation Impact M
Area 1',:,,:
— Potential New Jobs 2,373
Potential New Dwellings 2,713
Area 2 : South Airport
Existing Conditions
Jobs 151
Population 945
Annexation Impact 4
Area 2 Potential New Jobs 414
AM7%:a
Potential New Dwellings 181
Area 3 : Bachelor Creek
Existing Conditions 4
Jobs 282
Population 1,429
Area 3
Annexation Impact
Potential New Jobs 0
Potential New Dwellings 722
Area 4 : West Valley
Existing Conditions r 0
Jobs 497
[II'
Population 1,352
1-1
Area Annexation Impact
Potential New Jobs 739
Li Potential New Dwellings 2,375
1
Area 5 : Northwest
A. Existing Conditions
:�r s �--.� r L�
g Jobs 177
1.,e„b, Population 809
Area 5 / Annexation Impact
Potential New Jobs 0
Potential New Dwellings 888
4
Annexation Process
Annexation Petition Options
• Election Method (rarely used today)
• Sixty Percent Method
• Initiation : owners of at least 10% of assessed value
• Petition : owners of at 60% of assessed value
• Alternative Petition Method
• Initiation : owners of at least 10% of acreage
• Petition : a majority of owners of acreage + a majority of registered voters
within annexation area
Annexation Petition Process
City Council Circulation of e City Council votes
considers initial
request petition on annexation
Annexation Petition Process
Initiators file with BRB must "assume - No jurisdiction:
Boundary Review jurisdiction" within approved
Board 45 days r - otherwise, acts
within 120 days
Questions ?