HomeMy WebLinkAbout1998-005 Flood Hazard Areas ORDINANCE NO. 98- 0 5
AN ORDINANCE: relating to designation of special flood hazard areas ; adopting a
recent federal flood insurance study; and amending City of
Yakima Municipal Code Section 11.58.050.
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY OF YAKIMA:
Section 1. Section 11.58.040 of the City of Yakima Municipal Code and City of
Yakima Ordinance 3344 § 2, 1991, Ordinance 3052 § 2, 1987, and Ordinance 2560 § 1
(part), 1981 are hereby amended to read as follows:
1 11.58.050 Adoption of Flood Insurance Study — Establishing areas of
2 special flood hazard.
3 A. "The Flood Insurance Study for the City of Yakima," dated June 15,
4 March 2, 1998, or as amended and the "Flood Insurance Study: Yakima
5 County Washington Unincorporated Areas," dated December 5, 1984, or as
6 amended, for the county of Yakima for areas annexed into the city of Yakima
7 after December 1, 1981 (three copies of which are filed with the office of the
• 8 Yakima city clerk) are adopted as an official study and official maps of the city of
9 Yakima; and as by this reference declared to be a part of this chapter and
10 incorporated in. this subsection.
11 B. The areas of special flood hazard identified by the official study
12 and maps adopted by subsection A of this section are designated and established
13 as special flood hazard areas for the purpose of interpreting and administering
14 this chapter. •
Section 2. This ordinance shall be in full force and effect 30 days after its
passage, approval, and publication as provided by law and by the City Charter.
PASSED BY THE CITY COUNCIL, signed and approved this / / day of
February, 1998.
John Puccinelli, Mayor
ATTEST:
City Clerk
Publication Date: a - old --cr8
• Effective Date: - -Oa -9
(k1w)Ordinances \ Peterson \Rood insur. study/YMC 2/12/98, 12:38 PM
ORDINANCE AMENDING YMC 11.58.050 -- ADOPTION OF FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY
OCi MA
o p �^ Federal Emergency Management Agency
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art � i .
,„ Washington, D.C. 20472
FEB RECEIVED
D 0 2 1998 Ct$Y OF YAK /MA
CERTIFIED MAIL.
RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED FEB 5 f 998
The Honorable Lynn Buchanan
OFFICE QF C1TY COUNCJL
Mayor, City of Yakima
129 North Second Street
Yakima, Washington 98901
Dear Mayor Buchanan:
Please consider this official notice that your community has until March 2, 1998, to adopt
floodplain management measures which satisfy the requirements of Section 60.3(d) of the National
Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) regulations and have them approved by our Regional Office.
I realize that your community may be in the final adoption process, or you may have recently
adopted the required measures. If you have not done so, please submit these measures to the
Director, Mitigation Division of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Federal
• Regional Center, 130 228th Street SW, Bothell, Washington 98021 -9796, where they will be
reviewed upon receipt. Our regional staff will inform you of your community's continued
eligibility when your measures are approved, or will assist your community in the development
of appropriate measures. As in previous correspondence, we urge you to contact our Regional
Office if your community is encountering difficulties in enacting the appropriate measures. Our
Regional Office can be reached at (206) 487 -4682.
The NFIP regulations (copy enclosed) identify certain floodplain management measures for
adoption by participating communities. These measures must be adopted by March 2, 1998, to
avoid your community's suspension from the NFIP on that date. Please note that there are certain
consequences when a community is suspended from participation in the NFIP. FEMA would like
to help ensure that your community is not faced with these consequences, which include the
following: flood insurance may not be sold or renewed within a suspended community; 3 -year
insurance policies remain in force only until the end of the current policy year; and the remaining
premium for years 2 and/or 3, which was prepaid, will be refunded.
It is important to note also that, when a community is suspended . from the NFIP, it is subject to
the provisions of Section 202(a) of Public Law 93 -234, as amended. This section prohibits
Federal officers or agencies from approving any form of loan, grant, guaranty, insurance,
payment, rebate, subsidy, disaster assistance loan, or grant (in connection with a flood), for
acquisition or construction purposes within Special Flood Hazard Areas. For example, this would
• prohibit mortgage loans guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, insured by the Federal
Housing Administration, or secured by the Rural Economic and Community Development
Services.
2 •
Further, Section 202(b) of Public Law 93 -234, as amended, states that, in the event of a disaster
caused by a flood, Federal disaster relief assistance will not be available to any property located
within the suspended community. The law requires federally regulated lending institutions to so
notify the purchaser or lessee of improved real property situated in Special Flood Hazard Areas
when such property is being used to secure a loan that is being made, increased, extended, or
renewed.
A suspended community can regain eligibility in the NFIP by submitting a new application and
enacting floodplain management measures established in Section 60.3 of the NFIP regulations.
However, please note that during the period of suspension from the NFIP, if the community
permits development to take place in the floodplain that aggravates the flood hazard, the
community will be required to remedy the increased hazard to the maximum extent possible before
eligibility can be restored.
We encourage you to contact our Regional Office if you need assistance or have any questions.
Our regional staff will provide technical assistance and guidance in the development of your
community's floodplain management measures. The adoption of compliant floodplain
management measures will ensure participation in the NFIP and will provide the citizens in your
community protection from disaster.
Sincerely,
Michael J. • s tro g
Associate Director for Mitigation
Enclosure
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i
. !!D wi Fderal Em Managnt Agency
,• a
Washington; D.C. 20472
DEC 0 21997 3 8 199
CERTIFIED MAIL
RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
The Honorable Lynn Buchanan
Mayor, City of Yakima
City Hall , •
129 North Second Street
Yakima, Washington 98901
Dear Mayor Buchanan:
We appreciate and commend you for the efforts put forth in implementing your community's floodplain
management measures. We would like to take this opportunity to remind you that:
• • A Flood Insurance Study (FIS) and Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) establishing
base flood elevations have been completed for your community;
• The FIS and FIRM will become effective on March 2, 1998; and
• By that date, our Regional Office staff will have to approve the legally enforceable
floodplain management measures your community adopts in accordance with
Section 44 CFR 60.3 (d).
If you should encounter difficulties in enacting the measures, I recommend that you call the Director,
Mitigation Division of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in Bothell, Washington at
(206) 487 -4682. Our Regional Office staff will be happy to provide technical assistance and guidance
in the development of floodplain management measures. The adoption of compliant floodplain
management measures will provide protection for your community and will ensure participation in the
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The address of the Regional Office is: FEMA Mitigation
Division, Federal Regional Center, 130 228th Street SW, Bothell, Washington 98021 -9796.
I realize that you may have already contacted our Regional Office and may now be in the final adoption
process, or you may have recently adopted the appropriate measures. If you have not done so, please
consider this a formal reminder that you have 3 months left in which to adopt the appropriate floodplain
management measures, and have them approved by our Regional Office staff. Your community's adopted
• measures will be reviewed upon receipt, and our Regional Office will notify you when your measures are
approved.
2
I encourage you to submit your community's floodplain management measures and have them approved
by our regional staff by the FIRM effective date to avoid suspension from the NFIP.
Sincere ,
Michael J. strong
Associate Director for Mitigation
1110
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CITY OF YAKIMA
WASHINGTON c
YAKIMA COUNTY
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III REVISED: MARCH 2, 1998
,iNG\ M A A'!
4. f � Federal Emergency Management Agency
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�� ` �`' c , COMMUNITY NUMBER - 530311
•
NOTICE TO
FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY USERS
Corrr".'-:^.ities participating in the National Flood Insurance Program have
established repositories of flood hazard data for flood plain management and
flood insurance purposes. This Flood Insurance Study may not contain all data
available within the repository. It is advisable to contact the community
repository for any additional data.
This p.:b_i- cation incorporates revisions to the original Flood Insurance Study.
T hese _e are presented in Section 9.0.
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11111' •
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 - "1"!,ITRODUCTION 1 •
1.1 Purpose of Study 1
1.2 Coordination 1
1.3 Authority and Acknowledgments 1
2.0 AREA STUDIED • 2
2.1 Scope of Study 2
2.2 Community Description 2 •
2.3 Principal Flood Problems . 5
2.4 Flood Protection Measures 6
•
3.a 7 N=IN 7 ERTNG METHODS 10
3.1 Hydrologic Analyses 10
3.2 Hydraulic Analyses- 11
•
4. FL= PLAIN MANAGEMENT 'APPLICATIONS 13
1 11/ 1
4.1 Flood Boundaries
1 3
4.2 Fioodways
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14
5.5 -7- N3;ThCE APPLICATION 17
Reach Determinations 18
•
5 .2 Flood Hazard Factors 18
1=-3 Flood Insurance Zones 18
E.4 Flood Insurance Rate Map Description 20 •
STUDIES 20
7C: : 0 DATA • 21
C BIE=GRAPHY AND REFERENCES 21
5E1ISION DESCRIPTIONS 22
First Revision 22
1 11,
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1
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
•
Page
FIGURES
•
Figure 1 - Vicinity Map 3
Figure - Flood of November 1906 7
Figure 3 - Flood of December 1933 8
Figure 4 - Flood of December 1933 9
Figure 5 - Floodway Schematic 17
TABLES
Table 1 - Summary of Discharges 12
Table 2 - Floodway Data 15 -16
Table 3 - Flood Insurance Zone Data 19
EXHIBITS
Exhrb:_ 1 - Fiord Profiles
Yakima River Panels 01P -03P
Wide Hollow Creek Panels 04P -09P
Spring Creek 1 Panels 10P -11P
Spring Creek 1 Tributary 1 Panel 12P
Spring Creek 1 Tributary 2 Panel 13P
Bachelor Creek. Panels 14P -15P
Rate Map Index
__cca Insurance Rate Map.
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111/1 FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of Study
The purpose of this Flood Insurance Study is to investigate the
existence and severity of flood hazards in the City of Yakima,
Yakima County, Washington, and to aid in the administration of the
National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protec-
. tion Act of 1973. Initial use of this information will be to
convert Yakima to the regular program of flood insurance by the
Federal Insurance Administration. Further use of information
will be made by local and regional planners in their efforts to
promote sound land use and flood plain development.
1.2 .Coordination
•
The identification of streams selected for detailed analysis was
accomplished in a meeting held on April 12, 1976, and attended by
representatives of the City of Yakima, the study contractor, and the
Federal Insurance Administration.
During the course of the work, numerous informal contacts were made
with the community for the purpose of obtaining data. Previous work
by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the Yakima River was reviewed
and forms the basis of this study for the Yakima River.
On January 26, 1978, the preliminary results of the work were
reviewed at an intermediate coordination meeting attended by repre-
sentatives of the City of Yakima, the study contractor, and the
Federal Insurance Administration.
The final community coordination meeting was held in Yakima on
October 7, 1980, and attended by representatives of the Federal
Insurance Administration, the study contractor, and the community.
No problems were raised at the meeting.
1.3 Authority and Acknowledgments •
The source of authority for this Flood Insurance Study is the
National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended.
The hydrologic and hydraulic analyses for this study were performed
by Tudor Engineering Compar, for the Federal Insurance Administration,
under Contract No. H -4021. This work, which was completed in June
1976, covered all significant flooding sources affecting the City of
Yakima.
1 110
•
2.0 AREA STUDIED
1 110
2.1. Scope of Study
This Flood Insurance Study covers the incorporated area of the City
of Yakima, Yakima County, Washington. The area of study is shown on
the Vicinity Map (Figure 1).
A small portion of Yakima County located within the corporate limits
of Yakima was not included in this study. •
Floods caused by the overflow of the Yakima River, Wide Hollow
Creek, Bachelor Creek, Spring Creek 1, Spring Creek 1 Tributary 1,
and Spring Creek 1 Tributary 2 were studied in detail. An
overflow area of Bachelor and Ahtanum Creeks along the extreme
southern corporate limits in the southern portion of the Yakima
Municipal Airport runway was also studied by detailed methods.
Those areas studied by detailed methods were chosen with considera-
tion given to all proposed construction and forecasted development
through 1983.
2.2 Community Description
City of Yakima is located in northeastern Yakima County, in
south central Washington. The Town of Selah lies approximately 3
miles north of Yakima at the junction of State Highways 12 and 97,
while the City of Union Gap and the Town of Parker lie approximately
4 miles to the southeast and west of State Highways 97 and 12,
respectively.
Yakima is the social and commercial center of the Yakima Valley and
the county seat of Yakima County. The city is located on the right
(hest) bank of the Yakima River, immediately south of the confluence
with the Naches River. Establishment of the community dates from •
1884, the year when the Northern Pacific Railroad selected the site
for a station. The railroad company filed a plat for the new town,
offered lots to all who would move there, and moved them without
charge. The first inhabitants included the residents of a small
settlement which had been called Yakima (now known as Union Gap),
located 4 miles south of the new town. Until 1917, the new town was
named North Yakima and became a chartered city of the second class in,
1886, at which time its population was approximately 1200.
As the Yakima Valley was brought under cultivation around the turn of
the century, growth of the city was rapid. By 1910, the population
had reached 14,000, and growth has been steady in subsequent years.
A population of 27,221 was recorded in 1940; 43,284 in 1960; and an
estimated 46,750 in 1975.
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TIP FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY APPROXIMATE SCALE
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CITY OF YAKIMA, WA I =i—_i : -1�—�_ 1 ____.
•
"' (YAKIMA CO.) VICINITY MAP
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•
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Agriculture is the most important resource in Yakima County and is
1 11/ 1
the foundation of the City of Yakima's economy. Irrigation systems
established in the early 1900s have created one of the world's
greatest agricultural districts. The fruit grown in the fertile
Yakima Valley has won world -wide recognition for its superior quality,
flavor, and rich coloring. Yakima County, of the 3072 counties in
the United States, ranks first in the number of all fruit trees and
first in the production of apples, mint, and hops. Because of the
tremendous tonnage of fruits and vegetables, one of the world's
largest concentrations of commercial cold storage and processing
plants is centered in Yakima (References 1 and 2).
The city's residential and business districts are located on rising
ground clear of the flood plain. Development within the flood plain
has occurred in the northeastern portion of the city and includes
mobile home and recreational vehicle assembly plants, the Boise
Cascade lumber mill, residences, motels and associated commercial
enterprises, and a variety of public and community facilities. The
latter include a power substation, senior citizen center, Masonic
hall, and an office of the State Department of Motor Vehicles (Refer-
ence 3).
In the southern portion of the city, development in the area subject
to flooding by the smaller creeks consists primarily of the Yakima
?Municipal Airport.
Yakima lies in the eastern foothills of the Cascade Range, whose
peaks of Mount Rainier (14,410 feet) and Mount Adams (12,307 feet)
are some 60 miles tc the west. Throughout the foothill area, ridges
rising from 3000 to 4000 feet trend in a west to east direction,
spaced apart at a distance of 5 to 15 miles. The Yakima River flows
south from Ellensburg, and passes through the Yakima Ridge, Selah
Gap, the Ahtanum Ridge, and Union Gap. Between the two gaps, the
Yakima River is joined by the Naches River, which drains an area of
approximately 1100 square miles, as compared with an area of 2240
square miles for the Yakima River above the confluence.
The upper reaches of the Naches and Yakima Rivers pass through
steep- walled canyons. In the vicinity of Yakima, as the terrain
becomes flatter, the Yakima River gradient decreases until, down-
stream of Union Gap, it averages 5 feet per mile as it flows south-
east through the fertile area of the Yakima Valley. Much of the
valley in the proximity of the main Yakima River channel shows the
braided pattern of old river channels. These areas are generally
gravelly and frequently covered by dense brush or hoods. Extensive
excavations for gravel have occurred, and some of the borrow pits
have been developed into recreational lakes. The remainder of the
valley is primarily devoted to irrigated crops and irrigated and
subirrigated pasture.
4
•
•
•
111/1 The summer climate of the Yakima River basin is hot and dry, .typical
of the' Continental type: Winters•-are,:moderately cold and cloudy,
due primarily to the maritime influence of the prevailing westerly
circulation from the Pacific Ocean. Approximately 75 percent of the
annual precipitation occurs during the period from October through
March. Annual precipitation varies from more than 100 inches in the
Cascade Mountains to approximately 8 inches in the lower elevations
in the vicinity of Yakima. Snowfall in excess of 400 inches falls
on the higher slopes of the Cascade Mountains,. with the lower eleva-
tions receiving 20 to 25 inches. Winter temperatures normally range
from near 20 °F at night to near 40 °F in the daytime, but temperatures
of 0 °F or below can be expected approximately every.other year on
the average in January or . February. Normal summer temperatures
' reach 90 °F during the daytime but cool rapidly to near 50 °F at
night. Temperatures exceeding 100 °F are not uncommon, and.a :few
readings over 100 °F have been recorded (Reference 4).
•
2.3 Principal Flood Problems
Flooding in the City of Yakima is a frequent occurrence. When the
combined flow of the Naches and Yakima Rivers exceeds approximately
12,000 cubic feet per second (cfs), overflow occurs and inundates
property in the flood plain of these rivers. In 65 years of gage
• records on the Yakima River, 43 occasions of overbank flows have
been observed. The highest recorded flows are associated with heavy
1110 winter rainfall, sometimes augmented by rising temperatures which
cause local snowmelt. Such conditions occurred in 1896, 1906, 1917,
and 1933. Peak flows observed for the Yakima River were as follows:
Date Peak Flow (cfs) Location .
•
December 23, 1933 65,000 Parker
•
November 15, 1906 63,900 Union Gap
December 30, 1917 52,900 Parker •
November 16, 1896 45,600 Union Gap
Subsequent to 1933, the highest winter floodflow occurred when
28,000 cfs were recorded at Parker on January 17, 1974.
The wintei floodflows at the Parker location are greater than the
100 -year discharge of 55,000 cfs at this gage.
Spring floods, caused by snowmelt at higher elevations in the water-
shed, also occur. The three most severe spring floods measured at
the Parker gage had peak flows' as follows:
Date Peak Flow (cfs)
•
May 29, 1948 37,700
June 19, .1916 24,800
June 3,.1913 ' 22,600
1 110
•
•
•
' 5
•
•
Spring floods with flows in the range of 12,000 to 20,000 cfs have
occurred some times during 65 years of continuous record.
These spring floods at Parker are less than the 100 -year discharge
at the gage.
Photographs taken during the 1906 - and 1933 floods are shown in
Figures 2, 3, and 4.
Flood damage, in the event of very high flows, occurs regionwide.
In the most severe floods, highway and railroad communication has
been interrupted due to the inundation of routes and washout of
fills and bridges. Damage to property is widespread, particularly
to low - lying cropland, whose productivity may be impaired by the
deposit sof waterborne debris. Loss of life has been experienced,
particularly in the 1933 flood in the region, but there has been no
• report of deaths resulting from flooding within the City of Yakima
itself.
.2.4 Flood Protection Measures
.Six U.S. Bureau of Reclamation irrigation reservoirs, listed below,
are located in the headwaters of the Naches and Yakima Rivers. These
reservoirs, with a combined active storage and a total drainage area
of 1,070,000 acre -feet and 578 square miles, respectively, substan-
tially reduce floodflows when floods are coincident with low reservoir
levels. Storage is not formally reserved for flood control, however,
and the flood control operations are secondary to irrigation storage
recuirements.
•
Date of Active Storage
,ese'_oir Stream Completion (Acre -Feet)
__ _ - _nc Lake Bumping River 1910 33,700
Cie Elum Lake • Cle Elum River 1933 436,900
Clear Lake North Fork Tieton
River 1914 1 5,300
Kachess Lake Kachess River 1905 -1912 239,000
Keechelus Lake Yakima River 1906 -1917 157,800
- ._u_ock Lake Tieton River 1925 198,000
1 Crab Da-r. 1906 - 1911 (capacity 21,000 acre - feet). Present dam completed in
- Crab Lam 1906 - 1914. Present dam completed in 1917, but storage delayed until
192D.
•
Approximately 7 miles of levee have been constructed on both banks of
the Yakima River between the Naches River mouth and the State Highway
24 (Yakima - Moxee) crossing. Except for a 1500 -foot portion of the left
bank levee immediately upstream from the State Highway 24 crossing,
•
• 6
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Figure 3. Flood of December 1933 (Near the Mouth of the Naches River,
on the Yakima Side. Water Is Swirling Around Near the
Pens of a Ranch Near Railroad Bridge.)
• 8
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f 'i�`Ytl a y . . 1' , MYN e V _ 3.'i TST S' .. ja `v .. -m � . J e f'" 1 ,� �. i y [>
Figure 4. Flood of December 1933 (Vi Fro Lo okout Point ty Across f
the Naches and Yakima Rivers Towards Moxee. Ci o
Yakima in Middle Distance. Note Flooded Orchards.)
1 11/ 1
9
•
•
•
the levee system provides protection against floodflows on the order
•
•
of 75,000 cfs. On the lower Naches River, portions of the right
bank have been leveed and riprapped to prevent erosion from high -
velocity floodflows. _
The Yakima R2.ver is in State Flood- Control Zone No. :), under Chapter
• 86.16 of the Revised Code of Washington. City and county governments
are obligated to abide by the provisions of this statute and, under
a 1973 amendment, may be authorized to administer it. Under the
statute, proposers of developments within the flood plain must
obtain a permit from the State Department of Ecology. Such permits
stipulate a permissible floor elevation and are not issued if the
proposed development is located within a floodway.
•
3.0 ENGINEFRING METHODS
For the flooding sources studied in detail in the community, standard
hydrologic and hydraulic study methods were used to determine the flood
hazard.data required for this Flood events of a magnitude which
are expected to be equalled or exceeded once on the average during any
10 -, 50 -, 100 -, or 500 -year period (recurrence interval) have been
selected as having special significance for flood plain management and
for flood insurance premium rates. These events, commonly termed the
• 10 -, 50 -, 100 -, and 500 -year floods, have a 10, 2, 1, and 0.2 percent
chance, respectively, of being equalled or exceeded during any year.
Although the recurrence interval represents the long term average period
between floods of a specific magnitude, rare floods could occur at short
intervals or even within the same year. The risk of experiencing a rare
flood increases when periods greater than 1 year are considered. For
examrle,.the risk of having a flood which equals or exceeds the 100 -year
flood (1 percent chance of annual occurrence) in any 50 -year period is
approximately 40 percent (4 in 10), and, for any 90 -year period, the risk
increases to approximately 60 percent (6 in 10). The analyses reported
here reflect flooding potentials based on conditions existing in the
com =pity at the time of completion of this study. Maps and flood
elevations will be amended periodically to reflect future changes.
3.1 Hydrologic Analyses
Hydrologic analyses were carried out to establish the peak discharge -
frequency relationships for floods of the selected recurrence inter-
vals for each stream studied in detail in the community. .
• Floodflow- frequency data for the Yakima River re based on statisti-
cal analysis of discharge records at a gaging .station located near
Parker and operated by the U.S. Geological Survey since 1908.
Analyses were performed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the
Yakima River (Reference 5) in accordance with the standard log -
Pearson Type III methods, as outlined by the U.S. Water Resources
• Council (Reference 6). The resulting frequency curves were made
available and were verified by independent analysis performed by the
study contractor.
10
Floodflow-frequency data for the Wide Hollow Creek and Bachelor
Creek basins were based on unpublished synthetic frequency curves
developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and were also
verified by the study contractor.
Peak discharge-drainage area relationships for the Yakima River and
Wide Hollow and Bachelor Creeks are shown in Table 1.
1 110 .
3.2 Hydraulic Analyses
Analyses of the hydraulic characteristics of streams in the
community were carried out to provide estimates of the elevations
of floods of the selected recurrence intervals along each stream
studied in the community.
Water - surface elevations were determined by use of the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers HEC -2 step- backwater computer program
(Reference 7).
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, previously
developed the physical data and determined the loss coefficients
that were used to derive step - backwater computer models for the
Yakima River (Reference 5). This information was verified using
existing topographic maps at a scale of 1:12,000, with a contour
interval of 5 feet (Reference 8).
Physical data for Wide Hollow and Bachelor Creeks and Spring
111/0 Creek 1 were developed by the study contractor based on topographic
mapping at a scale of 1:4800, with a contour interval of 4 feet
(Reference 9).
11
'1'11)1e 1 rUimmn ry o1 Discharges
Peak Discharges (Cubic Feet pe:r Second) .
1,2odiug Source and Location L_:'UiH_1 tti 1, :) Iir.' ear. 50- -'fear 100 -Year 500 -Year
Yakima River
At Parker 3,69u 26,000 44,600 56,300 100,000
Above Wapato Dam 29,700 47, 500 57, 900 103,000
Above Confluence With Ahtanum Creek 3,479 29,000 46,300 56,200 100,000
Above Confluence With Naches River. 2, 1 35 17,000 28,400 35,500 58,700
Wide Hollow Creek
Near Harwood 32.4 100 220 320 750
At Burlington Northern Railroad bridge 65.7 220 450 640 1,450
Rachelor Creek
At Confluence With Ahtanum Creek 550 1,100 1,725 3,100
'Data not available
•
•
N
1 11, 11111
111/1 Locations of selected cross sections used in the hydraulic'analyses
are shown on the Flood Profiles (Exhibit 1). For stream segments
for which a floodway is computed (Section 4.2), selected cross
section locations are also shown on the Flood Boundary and Floodway
Map.
Elevations for Spring Creek 1 and Spring Creek 1 Tributaries 1 and
2 were based on the flood plain analysis of Bachelor Creek.
• Flood profiles for the 50- and 100 -year floods and for the floodway
were previously determined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for
the Yakima River. Flood profiles for the 10 -.and 500 -year events
were developed by the study contractor by substituting the respec-
tive discharges into the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC -2 step -
backwater model (Reference 7).
•
Flood profiles were drawn showing computed water - surface elevations
to an accuracy of 0.5 foot for floods of the'selected recurrence
intervals (Exhibit 1).
The roughness coefficients (Manning's "n ") for the Yakima River,
determined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, ranged from 0.025 to
0.035 for the channels and from 0.035 to 0.150 for the overbanks.
The coefficients were verified by field inspection.
1 110
For Wide Hollow and Bachelor Creeks and Spring Creek 1, the channel
and overbank roughness factors were determined by the study contractor
and were based on field inspection and photographs at each cross
section location. Values of the channel and overbank varied from
0.045 to 0.050 for the channels, and a value of 0.150 was used for
the overbanks.
The hydraulic analyses for this study are based on the effects of
unobstructed flow. The flood elevations are; thus, considered valid
only if hydraulic structures remain unobstructed and do not fail.
A11 elevations are referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical
Datum of 1929 (NGVD). Elevation reference marks used in the study
are shown on the maps.
4.0 , LOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
.. prime purpose of the National Flood Insurance Program is to encourage
State and local governments to adopt sound flood plain management pro -
crams. Each Flood Insurance Study, therefore, includes a flood boundary
designed to assist communities in developing sound flood plain
management measures.
4.1 Flood Boundaries
I: order to provide a national standard without regional discrimina
• tion, the 100 - year flood has been adopted by the Federal.Insurance
:,ministration as the base flood for purposes of flood plain manage
12
ment measures. The 500 -year flood is employed to indicate additional
areas of flood risk in the community. For each stream studied in
detail, the. boundaries of the 100- and .500-year floods have been
delineated using the flood elevations determined at each cross
section; between cross sections, .the boundaries were interpolated
using topographic maps at a scale of 1:12,000, with a contour interval
of 5 feet, for the Yakima River (Reference 8) and at a scale of
1:4,800, with a contour interval of 4 feet, for the remaining streams
(Reference 9) .
Flood boundaries for the 100- and 500 -year floods are shown on the
Flood Boundary and Floodway Map. In cases where the 100- and 500 -
year flood boundaries are close together, only the 100 -year flood
boundary has been shown. Small areas within the flood boundaries
may lie above the flood elevations and, therefore., not be subject
to flooding; owing to limitations of the map scale, such areas are
not shown.
4.2 Floodways
Encroachment on flood plains, such as artificial fill, reduces the
flood- carrying capacity and increases flood heights, thus increasing
flood hazards in areas beyond the encroachment itself. One aspect
of flood plain management involves balancing the economic gain from
flood plain development against the resulting increase in flood
hazard. For purposes of the National Flood Insurance Program, the 1110
concept of a floodway is used as a tool to assist local communities
in this aspect of flood plain management. Under this concept, the
area of the 100 -year flood is divided into a floodway and a floodway
frince. The floodway is the channel of a stream, plus any adjacent
floor: plain areas, that must be kept free of encroachment in order
that the 100 -year flood be carried without substantial increases in
flood heights. As minimum standards, the Federal Insurance Admin-
istration limits such increases in flood heights to 1.0 foot,
provided that hazardous velocities are not produced.
The floodways were computed on the basis of equal conveyance reduction
from each side of the flood plain. The results of these
computations are tabulated at selected cross sections for each
stream segment for which a floodway is computed (Table 2).
On Spring Creek 1 and Spring Creek 1 Tributaries 1 and 2, the
floodways are coincident with the channel banks.
As shown on the Flood Boundary and Floodway Map, the floodway
boundaries were determined at cross sections; between cross
sections, the boundaries were interpolated. In cases where the
floodway and 100 -year flood boundaries are close together, only the
floodway boundary has been shown.
1 110
14
•
• III
•
FLOODING SOURCE FLOODWAY BASE FLOOD
WATER SURFACE ELEVATION
St E,IIC)tl MEAN REGUI. ATORY WITHOUT WITH INCREASE
DISTANCE WIDTH ARIA VII ()CITY - FT OOUWAY FLOODWAY
(RU'.S SECTION IFEF T) (SQUARE (FEE T I'ER -
IEEI) SF(OND) (FEET NGVD)
Yakima River
A 110.22 2,008 10,441 5.4 985.9 985.9 986.7 0.8
' B 110.47 2,346 13,398 4.2 990.3 990.3 990.9 0.6
C 110.78 2,114 12,712 4.4 994.0 994.0 994.8 0.8
D 111.07 1,759 11,415 4.9 997.4 997.4 998.4 1.0
E 111.27 558 5,513 10.2 1,000.8 1,000.8 1,001.4 0.6
• F 113.12 1,065/215 9,056 6.2 1,029.0 1,029.0 1,029.7 0.7
G 113.27 577 6,260 9.0 1,030.7 1,030.7 1,031.0 0.3
H 113.47 633/120 5,665 9.9 1,033.3 1,033.3 1,033.5 0.2
I 113.63 1,249/149 11,987 4.7 1,036.2 1,036.2 1,036.4 0.2
J 113.81 1,405/205 14,919 3.8 1,036.9 1,036.9 1,037.2 0.3
K 113.93 1,228 8,316 6.8 1,037.3 1,037.3 1,037.7 0.4
L 114.17 1,213/213 8,647 6.5 1,041.4 1,041.4 1,042.0 0.6
M 114.33 947/180 7,939 7.1 1,043.8 1,043.8 1,044.3 0.
N 114.55 999/320 6,153 9.2 1,049.5 1,049.5 1,049.5 0.0
O 114.76 1,755/1,405 12,252 4.6 1,052.8 1,052.8 1,052.8 0.0
P 115.08 1,559/1,209 6,893 8.2 1,055.9 1,055.9 1,055.9 0.0
Q 115.24 1,202 6,765 8.3 1,059.9 1,059.9 1,060.0 0.1
R 115.38 1,313/840 8,075 7.0 1,062.8 1,062.8 1,062.9 0.1
S • 115.55 1,534/460 13,155 4.3 1,065.8 1,065.8 1,066.4 0.6
T 115.78 1,352 9,053 6.2 1,068.6 1,068.6 1,069.5 0.9
U 116.00 1,529 7,878 7.1 1,073.8 1,073.8 1,073.9 0.1
✓ - 116.17 1,017/880 5,257 10.7 1,078.2 1,078.2 1,078.2 0.0
W 116.34 658/540 5,041 11.2 1,082.2 1,082.2 1,082.9 0.7
1 Miles Above Mouth
2 Width /Width Within Corporate Limits
A FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY FLOODWAY DATA
B
L CITY OF YAKIMA, WA
E
2 (YAKIMA CO.) YAKIMA RIVER
•
BASE FLOOD
•
FLOODING SOURCE FLOODWAY WATER- SURFACE ELEVATION
WITHOUT WITH
CROSS SECTION DISTANCE' • WIDTH SECTION AREA . MEAN VELOCITY REGULATORY FLOODWAY FLOODWAY INCREASE
(FEET) (SQUARE FEET) (FEET PER
SECOND) (FEET NGVD)
Wtdr Hollow
•
. Creek , .
A 4.52 45 167 3.8 1,048.4 1,048.4 1,048.4 0.0
B 4.67 40 126 5.1 1,052.1 1,052.1 1 0.0
C 4.81 17 79 8.1 - 1,058.4 1,058.4 1,059.2 0.8
D 4.95 270 374 1.7 1,064.4 1,064.4 1,065.0 0.6
E. 5.17 35 - 126 5.1 1,069.9 1, 069.9 1,069.9 0.0
F 5.38 50 146 4.4 1,076.2 1,076.2 - 1,076.5 0.3 i
G 6.61 • ' 40 127 4.2 1,107.5 1,107.5 1,108.0 0.5
H 6.89 30 99 5.4 1,116.8 1,116.8 1,117.2 0.4
I 7.17 50 125 4.3 • 1,125.2 1,125.2 1,125.4 0.2 t
Bachelor
Creek
A 1.180 150 632 2.4 1,020.5 1,020.5 1,020.9 0.4
B 1.52 200/160' 535 2.8 1,026.5 1,026.5 1,026.9 0.4
C 1.85 300/290 873 1.7 1,033.4 1,033.4 1,033.6 0.2
D 1.89 200 872 1.7 1,037.5 1,037.5 1,037.7 0.2
E 2.45 150 661 2.3 1,050.6 1,050.6 1,051.4 0.8
F 2.84 . 165 325 4.6 1,056.6 1,056.6 1,056.6 0.0
G 3.05 97 353 4.3 1,062.3 1,062.3 1,062.7 0.4
H 3.27 300 945 1.6 1,066.7 1,066.7 1,067.5 0.8
I 3.40 166 555 2.7 1,071.1 1,071.1 1,071.8 0.7
J 3.55 300/200 842 1.8 1,077.9 1,077.9 1,078.7 0.8
•
'Miles Above Mouth .
'width/Width Within Corporate Limits
T
A FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY F LOO DWAY DATA
B
L CITY OF YAKIMA, WA •
(YAKIMA CO.) WIDE HOLLOW CREEK - BACHELOR CREEK
2
• ID •
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11111 . e boundary of the 100 -year flood
The area between the floodway and th Y
is termed the floodway fringe. The floodway fringe thus encompasses
the portion of the flood plain that could be completely obstructed
without increasing the water - surface elevation of the 100 -year flood
more than 1.0 foot at any point. Typical relationships between the
floodway and the floodway fringe and their significance to flood
• plain development are shown in Figure 5.
F t 100 -YEAR FLOOD PLAIN
FLOODWAY FLOODWAV}
t ► 4 FLOODWAV �� FRINGE
FRINGE
STREAM •
• �CHANNEL��
FLOOD ELEVATION WHEN
CONFINED WITHIN FLOODWAY . .
ENCROACHMENT ENCROACHMENT
isf N . "
... . .. SURCHARGES +::w:iir'::
AREA OF FLOOD PLAIN THAT COULD FLOOD ELEVATION
BE USED FOR DEVELOPMENT BY _ BEFORE ENCROACHMENT
. RAISING GROUND ON FLOOD PLAIN
LINE AS IS THE FLOOD ELEVATION BEFORE ENCROACHMENT.
LINE CD IS THE FLOOD ELEVATION AFTER ENCROACHMENT.
•SU °CHARGE 15 NOT TO EXCEED 1.0 FOOT IFIA REQUIREMENT) OR LESSER AMOUNT IF SPECIFIED BY STATE. .
Figure 5, Floodway Schematic
5.0 INSURANCE APPLICATION
In order to establish actuarial insurance rates, the Federal Insurance
Administration has developed a process to transform the data from the
engineering study into flood insurance criteria. ,This process includes
the determination of reaches, Flood Hazard Factors, and flood insurance
zone designations for each flooding source studied in detail affecting
the City of Yakima. . •
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5.1 Reach Determinations •
Reaches are defined as lengths of watercourses having relatively the
same flood hazard, based on the average weighted difference in
water - surface elevations between the 10- and 100 -year floods. This
difference does not have a variation greater than that indicated in
the following table for more than 20 percent of the reach:
Average Difference Between
10- and 100 -year Floods Variation
Less than 2 feet 0.5 foot
2 to 7 feet 1.0 foot
Eicht reaches meeting the above criteria were required for the flood -
ing sources of the City of Yakima. These included two reaches each
on Wide Hollow Creek and Spring Creek 1 and one reach each on the •
Yakima River, Bachelor Creek, Spring Creek 1 Tributary 1, and Spring
Creek 1 Tributary 2. The locations of the reaches are shown on the
Flood Profiles (Exhibit 1) and summarized in Table 3.
5 .2 Flood Hazard Factors
The Flood Hazard Factor (FHF) is the Federal Insurance Administration
device used to correlate flood information with insurance rate
tables. Correlations between property damage from floods and their
'FHF are used to set actuarial insurance premium rate tables based on
FHFs from 005 to 200.
The FHF for a reach is the average weighted difference between the
l5 and 100 - year flood water - surface elevations expressed to the
nearest one - half foot, and shown as a three -digit code. For example,
the difference between water- surface elevations of the 10- and
100 - year floods is 0.7 foot, the FHF is 005; if the difference is
1.4 feet, the FHF is 015; if the difference is 5.0 feet, the FHF is
050. When the difference between the 10- and 100 -year water - surface
elevations is greater than 10.0 feet, accuracy for the FHF is to the
nearest foot.
Flood Insurance Zones
• After the determination of reaches and their respective Flood
Hazard Factors, the entire incorporated area of the City of Yakima was
divided into zones, each having a specific flood potential or hazard.
Each zone was assigned one of the following flood insurance zone
designations:
•
Zones A2, A3, A4, and A7: Special Flood Hazard Areas inundated by
the 100 -year flood, determined by
detailed methods; base flood elevations
shown, and zones subdivided according
to Flood Hazard Factors.
•
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•
II. 0 . . .
. •
___---- -7 — — . _
h:i,l!vA'I'ION I (Yri:!:v.i ci. .
1 BETwI:I:N 1-'' (1 J0- Y1;A1',) i'L,000 ANI) 1'0001 BASF PI.00D
I'I; :DH1N; S PANI•:L — - - -- — — — - - -- •IGI:',APU :;ONE ELEVATION 3
10'. : :' 0.2 FAcTO1: (FEET NGVD)
(lM YAP) (50 YA1i) ( YFAI;I
Yakima River . -
Reach 1 0006 -3.60 -1.21 3.16 035 A7 Varies - See Map -
Bachelor Creek . -
Reach 1 - 0003 -1.30 -0.36 1.07 015 A3 Varies - See Map
Wide Hollow Creek
Reach 1 0001 -1.45, -0.49 1:22 015 A3 Varies - See Map
Reach 2 0003 -1.86 -0:68 1.76 020 A4 Varies - See Map •
.Sppring Creek 1 -
Reach 1 0003 -1.30 -0.36 . 1.07 • - 015 A3 • Varies - _See Map .
Reach 2 0001,0003 -1.23 -0.34 0.83 010 A2 Varies - See Map
Spring Creek 1
,Tributary 1 .
Reach 1 . 0003 -1.2 - -0.3 0.8 - 010 A2 • Varies - See Map •
Spring Creek 1
Tributary 2 -
Reach 1 0001 -1.2 -0.3 ' 0.8 010 A2 Varies - See Map
1 Flood Insurance Rate Map Panel 2 Weighted Average 3 Rounded to Nearest Foot
,�
FEDERAL ederaR Insurance MANAGEMENT Administration on AGENCY
FLOOD INSURANCE ZONE DATA •
CC
r- CITY OF YAKIMA, WA
r^ (YAKIMA CO.) • YAKIMA RIVER- BACHELOR CREEK - WIDE - HOLLOW CREEK - SPRING CREEK 1—
w SPRING CREEK 1 TRIBUTARY 1- SPRING CREEK 1 TRIBUTARY 2
■
Zone B: Areas between the Special Flood Hazard
Areas and the limits of the 500 -year
flood, including areas of the 500 -year
• flood plain that are protected from the
• 100 -year flood by dike, levee, or other
water control structure; also areas
subject to certain types of 100 -year
shallow flooding where depths are less
than 1.0 foot; and areas subject to
100 -year flooding from sources with
drainage areas less than 1 square mile.
Zone B is not subdivided.
•
Zone C: Areas of minimal flooding.
The flood elevation differences, Flood Hazard Factors, flood insur-
ance zones, and base flood elevations for each flooding source
studied in detail in the community are summarized in Table 3.
5.4 Flood Insurance Rate Map Description
The Flood Insurance Rate Map for the City of Yakima is, for insur-
ance purposes, the principal result of the Flood Insurance Study.
This map (published separately) contains'the official delineation of
Mood insurance zones and base flood elevation lines. Base flood
elevation lines show the locations of the expected whole -foot water-
surface elevations of the base (100 - year) flood. This map is
developed in accordance with the latest flood insurance map prepara-
tion guidelines published by the Federal Insurance Administration.
•
6.0 OTHER STUDIES
U.S. =army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, report includes high
water 'profiles and flooded area maps for the Intermediate Regional Flood
(1'S0 -year recurrence interval) and the Standard Project Flood (Reference 3).
In the course of subsequent studies of flooding in the Yakima River
basin, tne Army Corps of Engineers reevaluated the hydrological
basis for the estimates of peak flood discharges (Reference 5). Revised
Mood profiles for the Yakima River, based on the reevaluated flood
discharges, were not developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers upstream
of River Mile 103.8.
The most recent U.S. Army Corps of Engineers studies derived an estimate
of pea;_ flood discharges and water - surface profiles for the reach of the
Yakima River between Sunnyside Dam, near Parker (River Mile 103.8) and
'labton (River Mile.53.1) (Reference 5). The discharge and profile computa-
tions performed for the Flood Insurance Study for the City of Yakima and • those for 'neighboring communities are consistent with the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers studies.
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This study is consistent with the Flood, Insurance Studies for the
City of Union Gap (Reference 10) and Yakima County (Reference 11).
•
This study is authoritative for the purposes of the National Flood Insur-
• ance Program; data presented herein either supersede or are compatible
with all previous determinations.
•
7.0 LOCATION ^F P =TA
Information concerning the pertinent data used in the preparation of
this study can be obtained by contacting the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Mitigation Division, Federal Regional Center,
130 228th Street, SW, Bothell, Washington 98021 -9796.
•
8.0 BIELIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES
1. State of Washington, Office of Program Planning and Fiscal Management,
Pocket Data Book - 1975, Olympia, Washington, 1976
2. Washington State Planning and Community Affairs, Agency, Growth of
Cities and Towns, State of Washington, Calvin F. Schmid and Stanton E.
Schmid, Olympia, Washington, 1969
1110 3. U.S. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Seattle District,
Fiord Plain Information Yakima and Naches Rivers Yakima -Union
Gap, Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1970
4. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration, Environmental Data Service, No. 60 - 45, Climate of
Washington, Climatography cf the United States, Earl L. Phillips,
Silver Spring, Maryland, 1960 (Revised 1965)
5. U.S. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Seattle District,
Flood Plain Information - Yakima River - Parker to Mabton and
Vicinity, Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1975
6. U.S.. Water Resources Council, "Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow
Frequencies," Bulletin 17, March 1976
•
7. U.S. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineer-
ing Center, HEC -2 Water - Surface Profiles, Generalized Computer
Program, Davis, California, November 1976
S. U.S. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Seattle District,
Topographic Maps, Scale 1:12,000, Contour Interval 5 feet: City of
Yakima, Washington (1975)
•
111/0 •
21
9. Haner, Ross, and Sporseen, Topographic Maps, Scale 1:4800, Contour
Interval 4 feet: City of Yakima, Washington (1976),
Compiled (1977)
10. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance
Administration, Flood Insurance Study, City of Union Gap, Yakima
County, Washington, 1981
11. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Flood Insurance Study, Yakima
County, Washington, (Unincorporated Areas), December 5, 1984
12. U.S. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Seattle District,
Interim Report, Columbia River and Tributaries Study, Flood Damage
Reduction, Yakima River Basin, Washington, Yakima - Union Gap,
Seattle, Washington, May 1977
13. U.S. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic
Engineering Center, Generalized Computer Program Version 4.6.0;
HEC -2 Water- Surface Profiles, Davis, California, February 1991
14. U.S. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Seattle District,
Yakima - Union Gap Flood Control Project, Seattle, Washington,
April 1986, Unpublished
15. U.S. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Seattle District,
1 11/ 1
Aerial Photographs, Mabton to Parker, Yakima River, Washington,
Scale 1:12,000, Sheets 1 -6, March 21, 1973
16. U.S. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Seattle District,
Topographic Maps, Scale 1:2,400, Contour Interval 5 feet: Yakima
River, Washington (1984)
17. Olympic Aerial Surveys, Inc., Topographic Maps, Scale 1:1,200,
Contour Interval 5 feet: City of Yakima, Washington (1982)
9.0 REVISION DESCRIPTIONS
This section has been added to provide information regarding significant
revisions made since the original Flood Insurance Study was printed.
Future revisions may be made that do not result in the republishing of
the Flood Insurance Study report. To assure that any user is aware of
all revisions, it is advisable to contact the community repository of
flood hazard data located at the City Planning Department, 129 North
Second Street, Yakima, Washington 98901.
9.1 First Revision
Tr. :s _study was re';_sed on -larch 2, 1998, to incorporate the
results of revised hydrologic and hydraulic analyses of the Yakima
River.
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4
This work was performed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(USACE), Seattle District, for the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA), under Interagency Agreement No. EMW -92 -E -3842,
Project Order No. 1, and was completed in March 1994.
Yakima River
The USACE built a Federal flood - control project in response to the
1933 flood of record on the Yakima River. It was completed in 1948
and consists of levees and channel improvements, including levees
built by the U.S Bureau of Reclamation for the Roza Wasteway.
When they were built, the USACE and Bureau levees exceeded design
specifications for freeboard, with a minimum of 3 and 4 feet,
respectively, above the 1933 flood. Aggredation in the channel has
since reduced the project's carrying capacity.
The 100 -year flood plain for the original Flood Insurance Study
came from the USACE's May 1970 Flood Plain Information report
(Reference 3). The.USACE's study showed the 100 -year flood to be
contained between the levees . in the Federal flood-control project.
It did not analyze without -levee conditions. However, the flood
plain on the original Flood Insurance Rate Map was shown extending
beyond the levees because portions had less than 3 feet of
freeboard. No adjustments were made for without-levee conditions.
The water- surface elevations computed for the with - levee' conditions
were simply extended beyond the levees. This overstated the flood
levels in the overbank areas.
The USACE completed an unpublished flood reduction study in 1986
showing significantly different 100 -year flood levels than the
May 1970 study. As before, this study showed the 100-year flood
contained between the levees and did not analyze without -levee
conditions.
The hydrologic analyses for this revised study were performed in
accordance with the Standard log- Pearson Type III method as
outlined by the U.S. Water Resources Council (Reference 6).
Table 1 shows the revised discharges.
The hydraulic analyses for the reach of the Yakima River from
Wapato Dam to the Naches River (Union Gap - Yakima Reach) were
performed using the computer program HEC -2, developed by the USACE,
Hydrologic Engineering Center (Reference 13). Cross sections for
the HEC -2 backwater model were converted from the backwater model
developed by the USACE, Seattle District, and used in the 1986
Flood Reduction Study (Reference 14). The HEC -2 program accepts
only 100 ground points per cross section. Most of the cross
sections in the Seattle District's model contained more than 100
ground points. Using plotted cross sections and the topographic
1110 maps, excess ground points were eliminated from the overbank areas
prior to conversion. Points to be eliminated were carefully chosen
to maintain the geometric shape of the original cross sections.
23
•
Channel portions of the cross sections and bridge data for the
backwater analysis were field surveyed by the USACE in 1984.
Overbank portions of the cross sections were obtained from
topographic maps prepared by photogrammetrical methods in 1985.
All bridges were field checked in 1992 to obtain current elevation
and structural geometry data.
. Starting water- surface elevations were based on a rating curve at
Wapato Dam developed by the USACE in March 1970.
The backwater model was calibrated to the November 1990 flood.
Flood levels were reproduced within 0.5 foot of the observed high -
water marks gathered by the USACE. This flood had approximately a
24 -year recurrence interval and was the largest flood since
May 1948.
Roughness factors (Manning 's "n") used in the backwater analyses
were initially based on field observations of the channel and
overbank areas, then adjusted during calibration to the
November 1990 flood. Roughness factors varied from 0.034 to 0.06
for the channel . and from 0.05 to 0.10 for the overbank areas.
The calibrated backwater
model was tested to s,e how well it could reproduce the 1933 flood.
The model was revised to reflect conditions in 1933 by adding a
bridge at the old Moxee Road (West Birchfield Road) and deleting
features such as roads, levees, railroads, bridges, and fill added
since then. The 1933 flood was reproduced within 0.5 foot of
observed high -water marks in the USACE's records. This flood had a
peak discharge of 63,000 cfs below the Naches River.
The calibrated HEC -2 backwater model was used to compute the
revised flood profiles for existing conditions, confining the 100 -
year flow between the levees. At several places, the left bank
levees did not meet FEMA's freeboard requirements. The County
agreed to raise the low areas on the left bank levees to meet
FEMA's requirements. After the levees were raised, they were
inspected and certified by the USACE. This revision recognizes
these levees as providing protection from the 100 -year flood.
A portion of the Federal levee on the right bank of the Yakima
River, between Cross Sections K and R, also fails to meet FEMA's
freeboard requirements. However, the USACE inspected Interstate
Highway 82 (I -82) along this reach and determined that it would •
prevent flood waters from spreading further.
The levee on the right bank of the Naches River, between I- 82.and
the BAN Railroad, also fails to meet FEMA's freeboard requirements.
It contains all floods up to and including the 50 -year flood, but
has less than 3 feet of freeboard above the 100 -year flood.
Failure of this levee would allow water to flow through an
underpass of State Route 12 and flood a portion of the City of
1 110
Yakima. Discharges were computed as weir flow through the
underpass as:...ining headwater levels equal to the corresponding
24
1. •
water levels with the levee intact. Flood levels in the overflow
area were computed using an HEC -2 model with 11 cross sections
taken from topographic maps obtained from the City of Yakima.
Starting water - surface'elevations for the HEC -2 model were based on
the tailwater depths from flooding on the main stem of the Yakima
River at the outlet of the 2 -36" CMPs under I -82 near Cross Section
F on the main stem of the Yakima River. The model did not include
the culverts, so the resulting right overbank flood plain should be
treated as an approximate flood zone (Zone A). There is a
potential for part of the overflow to return to the main stem of
the Yakima River. However, the analysis assumed this would not
happen. No floodway was computed for the overflow area. Flooding
in the overflow area could be eliminated by raising the Federal
flood-control project levee along the right bank of the Naches
River.
Wide Hollow Creek
Table 2, "Floodway Data," and the Flood Profiles (Panels 04P to
09P) for Wide Hollow Creek have been revised to reflect the changes
in the corporate limits.
Bachelor Creek
Table 2, "Floodwa y Data," and the Flood Profiles (Panels 14P and
15P) for Bachelor Creek have been revised to reflect the changes in
the corporate limits.
For each stream restudied by detailed methods, the 100- and 500 -
year flood plain boundaries have been delineated using the flood
elevations determined at each cross section. Between cross
sections, the boundaries were interpolated using topographic maps
at scales of 1:2,400, with a contour interval of 5 feet
(Reference 16), and 1:4,800, with a contour interval of 4 feet
(Reference 17). The referenced topographic maps were developed
photogrammetrically using aerial photographs.
Please note that format revisions have been made to this Flood
Insurance Study report and maps for your community in compliance
with current specifications. Information previously shown on the
Flood Insurance Rate Map and Flood Boundary and Floodway Map has
been combined. All essential information previously shown on the
Flood Insurance Rate Map and Flood Boundary and Floodway Map has
been incorporated into the new Flood Insurance Rate Map.
The floodways for the revised study were computed on the basis of
equal conveyance reduction from each side of the flood plain and
adjusted as necessary to account for the effects of existing
development and to provide functional and manageable floodways.
1110 The computed floodways are shown on the Flood Insurance Rate Map.
In cases where the floodway and the 100 -year flood plain are either
close together or collinear, only the floodway boundary is shown.
25
•
For floo d insurance ratin g purposes, flood insurance zone
designations are assigned to a community based on the results of
the engineering analyses. These zones, which have been revised
since this study was last published, are as follows:
Zone A
Zone A is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the
100 -year flood plains that are determined in the Flood Insurance
Study by approximate methods. Because detailed hydraulic analyses
are not performed for such areas, no base flood elevations or
depths are shown within this zone.
Zone AE
Zone AE is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the
100 -year flood plains that are determined in the Flood Insurance
Study by detailed methods. Whole-foot base flood elevations
derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses are shown at selected
intervals within this zone.
Zone X
Zone X is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to areas
cu__ide the 100 -year flood plain, areas within the 500 -year flood
plain, areas of 100 -year flooding where average depths are less
than cne foot, areas of 100 -year flooding where the contributAng
drainage area is less than one square mile, and areas protected
from the 100 -year flood by levees. No base flood elevations or
depths are shown within this zone.
Table 1, "Summary of Discharges," Table 2, "Floodway Data," and
Flood Profiles (Exhibit 1) have been revised as part of this
restudy.
The hydraulic analyses for this revision were based on unobstructed
flow.
1 11/ 0
26
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.% Cr February 13, 1998
■ fema pan e1
BUSINESS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
YAKIMA, WASHINGTON
AGENDA STATEMENT
ITEM NO. _ U
FOR MEETING OF: February 17. 1998
ITEM TITLE: An Ordinance amending the dates of the Flood Insurance Study for the
City's Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance YMC 11.58.
SUBMITTED BY: Glenn J. Valenzuela, Director of Community & Economic
Development
CONTACT PERSON / TELEPHONE: Dan Valoff, Associate Planner, 575 -6163
SUMMARY EXPLANATION:
The purpose of the Ordinance is to reflect revisions in the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps and Flood Insurance Study
for the City of Yakima effective Much 2, 1998.
Discussions with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Planning Division and
Legal staff have determined that the City is currently in compliance with all National
Flood Insurance Program regulations with regards to the attached correspondence
from the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Resolution X Ordinance_ Contract _ Other (Specify) Flood Insurance Study and
Flood Insurance Rate Maps. dated March 2. 1998. FEMA correspondence
Funding Source
APPROVAL FOR SUBMITTAL:
City Manager
STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Adopt Ordinance.
BOARD RECOMMENDATION:
COUNCIL ACTION: