HomeMy WebLinkAboutR-2025-113 Resolution adopting the HUD mandated five-year Consolidated Plan (2025-2029) and the 2025 Annual Action Plan for the City of Yakima (CDBG/HOME Funds)A RESOLUTION
RESOLUTION NO. R-2025-113
adopting the proposed 2025-2029 five-year Consolidated Plan and the
2025 Annual Action Plan for Community Development Block Grant
(CDBG) and HOME fund Programs as mandated by the Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
WHEREAS, every five years, HUD requires the City of Yakima to submit a five-year
Consolidated Plan as a requirement for receiving federal funds; and
WHEREAS, in order to access the federal CDBG and HOME funds for year 2025-2029,
the city is required to submit a five-year Consolidated Plan; and
WHEREAS, the City must update its Annual Action Plan with identified general areas of
affordable housing and community development; and
WHEREAS, the Office of Neighborhood Development Services has fulfilled the
requirements for two public input meetings and held an open written public comment period for a
minimum of 30 days; and
WHEREAS, the City of Yakima has completed the five-year 2025-2029 Draft Consolidated
Plan and will document any comments received during the comment period or at the public
hearing in the plan prior to forwarding to HUD; and
WHEREAS, the City of Yakima has completed the 2025 Annual Action Plan and will
document any comments received during the comment period or at the public hearing in the plan
prior to forwarding to HUD; and
WHEREAS, the City Council hereby finds that it is in the best interests of the City and its
residents to adopt the five-year Consolidated Plan and 2025 Annual Action Plan, now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF YAKIMA:
That the City Council of the City of Yakima adopts the five-year 2025-2029 Consolidated
Plan and the 2025 Annual Action Plan and the City Manager of the City of Yakima is hereby
authorized to direct staff to submit both documents to HUD as required.
ADOPTED BY THE CITY COUNCIL this 4th day of August, 2025.
Patricia Byers,
2025-2029
Consolidated Plan
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Executive Summary
ES-05 Executive Summary - 24 CFR 91.200(c), 91.220(b)
1. Introduction
To receive funding each year, the City of Yakima must complete a Five-Year Consolidated Plan. The
Consolidated Plan is an assessment of the needs in the community, relating to housing, social and public
services, public facilities and infrastructure. The analysis looks at populations that are most affected by
the current housing stock, state of the economy and the ability to meet daily living needs. The
Consolidated Plan then outlines priorities and goals to address those needs. Each year, the City of
Yakima will write an Annual Action Plan, to outline specific projects and funding resources that will be
used to meet the priorities and goals. At the end of each year, the City of Yakima will write a
Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Report to report the progress towards each of the
Consolidated Plan goals. These three documents enable the public, elected officials and HUD to
understand the needs in the community, provide input and measure progress and investment in the
community.
2. Summary of the objectives and outcomes identified in the Plan Needs Assessment
Overview
The purpose of this Five-Year Consolidated Plan is to serve as a consolidated planning document, and a
strategic plan for the City of Yakima. As part of the Five-Year Consolidated Plan, the community must
develop priority needs, goals and objectives.
The following strategies with subsequent goals and priorities have been identified:
Through consultation, many of the stakeholders suggested that the cost of housing often exceeds what
many people in the area can afford. The housing profile will examine the housing market in further
detail to determine if any households have a disproportionate need. To address the needs, the following
priorities and goals have been set by the City of Yakima.
Priority: Provide Decent Housing
• Create affordable homeownership opportunities for all income levels
• Assist with home repairs to enable low/moderate income residents with minor rehabs to sustain
their homeownership
• Develop affordable rental housing for renters earning incomes between 0 and 60% HAMFI
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• Preserve existing affordable housing stock
Priority: Create A Suitable Living Environment
• Support public and supportive services for LMI Yakima residents
• Assist senior & disabled citizens with home repairs to enable them to age in place
• Improve parks and recreation facilities for low-income communities and increase the
accessibility of those facilities for persons with disabilities
• Support infrastructure improvements in distressed neighborhoods
Priority: Expand Opportunities for LMI Yakima Residents
• Increase coordination among service agencies across the Yakima Valley to improve services to
low-income residents
• Provided expanded accessibility, infrastructure and facility improvements to increase
connectivity and opportunities
3. Evaluation of past performance
The City of Yakima has a good performance record and regularly meets the performance standards
established by HUD. The City has implemented CDBG and HUD funded programs over the past five years
as part of the 2020-2024 Consolidated Plan and each year prepares its Consolidated Annual
Performance and Evaluation Report (CAPER). Over that time, the city has made great strides to assist
low-income households in the community. Accomplishments in the past five years include:
• Public service activities targeted to vulnerable populations
• Housing rehabilitation programs assisted homeowners including elderly and disabled with minor
rehabs/repairs to their homes
• Public infrastructure improvements including sidewalk and accessibility improvements in low-
income areas
• The City has enhanced its coordination with regional partners and service providers
• Fair housing outreach and education activities have been expanded
4. Summary of citizen participation process and consultation process
The City of Yakima has undertaken extensive efforts to engage stakeholders and the public in developing
this Consolidated Plan. The process included consultation with local service providers, housing
organizations, and community stakeholders. Input was gathered through public outreach events,
stakeholder meetings, and public hearings to identify priority needs and inform goal-setting for the
2025-2029 period
5. Summary of public comments
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The 30-day comment period was provided and no comments or responses to this document were
received.
Public comment was received from three community members at the second Public Hearing. All
comments were in support of continuing the very popular emergency home repair program.
6. Summary of comments or views not accepted and the reasons for not accepting them
All comments were accepted
7. Summary
The City of Yakima will spend the next five years working to understand and address the needs in the
community through strategic investments in housing, public services, and infrastructure improvements.
The Consolidated Plan provides a framework for improving neighborhoods, creating opportunities, and
building livable communities for all residents.
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The Process
PR-05 Lead & Responsible Agencies 24 CFR 91.200(b)
1. Describe agency/entity responsible for preparing the Consolidated Plan and those
responsible for administration of each grant program and funding source
The following are the agencies/entities responsible for preparing the Consolidated Plan and
those responsible for administration of each grant program and funding source.
Agency Role Name Department/Agency
CDBG Administrator YAKIMA Office of Neighborhood Development
Services
HOME Administrator YAKIMA Office of Neighborhood Development
Services
Table 1 – Responsible Agencies
Narrative
As a recipient of funding from the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD),
Yakima is required to complete a 5-year Consolidated Plan, annual Action Plan, and CAPER. This
Consolidated Plan represents an assessment of Yakima’s affordable housing and community
development needs and market conditions. The Plan is used to help the city make data-driven, place-
based investment decisions. Community engagement is an essential part of each of the process to
create each of these documents
Consolidated Plan Public Contact Information
Bill Preston, P.E.
CD Director
W: 509-576-6754
C: 509-571-5570
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PR-10 Consultation – 91.100, 91.110, 91.200(b), 91.300(b), 91.215(I) and
91.315(I)
1. Introduction
The Office of Neighborhood Development Services (ONDC) leads the City’s CDBG and HOME Programs.
In this role it is responsible for planning, grant program and grant administration, program
planning/implementation and program monitoring and sustaining community partnerships. In order to
effectively utilize its revenue streams and expertise of non-corporate organizations with interests in
urban development, ONDC intentionally engages its community partners and citizenry groups to help
validate its processes and outcomes. Planning with purpose and meaningful stakeholder engagement is
a key component of ONDCs standard operating practice.
Provide a concise summary of the jurisdiction’s activities to enhance coordination between
public and assisted housing providers and private and governmental health, mental health
and service agencies (91.215(I)).
The City of Yakima participates in numerous organizations and commissions with local service providers
to share information and service goals. ONDS consults with public and private agencies that provide
assisted housing, health services, and social and fair housing services-especially those focusing on
services to children, the elderly, persons with disabilities, persons with HIV/AIDS and their families, and
homeless persons through the Homeless Coalition of Yakima County staffed by the Yakima County
Department of Human Services for the purpose of the Continuum of Care responsibilities and the
Homeless Network, an independent group of service providers dedicated to the sharing of information
related to homeless issues in the Yakima community.
Describe coordination with the Continuum of Care and efforts to address the needs of
homeless persons (particularly chronically homeless individuals and families, families with
children, veterans, and unaccompanied youth) and persons at risk of homelessness
The city engaged the Continuum of Care (CoC) throughout the Consolidated Plan process by attending
CoC coordination meetings and conducting a 1:1 stakeholder session with the CoC lead staff to stay
abreast of community resources and gaps. In addition, the city reached out to CoC members and board
members to conduct stakeholder interviews, ensuring in-depth perspectives on homelessness response
and service coordination. Point-in-Time Count, Housing Inventory Count, and American Community
Survey data were analyzed to identify gaps in resources and inform strategy development. This
comprehensive engagement ensured that CoC expertise and data shaped both the strategic direction
and actionable objectives of the Plan.
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Describe consultation with the Continuum(s) of Care that serves the jurisdiction's area in
determining how to allocate ESG funds, develop performance standards and evaluate
outcomes, and develop funding, policies and procedures for the administration of HMIS
The City of Yakima is an active participant of the Yakima County Homeless Coalition, lead CoC and
Coordinated Entry partner.
The City of Yakima does not receive ESG funding. Local agencies apply to the State of Washington for
funding through the CoC process. The agencies receiving funding must report on HMIS.
2. Describe Agencies, groups, organizations and others who participated in the process
and describe the jurisdictions consultations with housing, social service agencies and other
entities
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Table 2 – Agencies, groups, organizations who participated
1 Agency/Group/Organization Catholic Charities Housing Services
Agency/Group/Organization Type Housing
Services - Housing
Services-Children
Services-Elderly Persons
Services-Persons with Disabilities
Services-homeless
What section of the Plan was addressed by
Consultation?
Housing Need Assessment
Non-Homeless Special Needs
How was the Agency/Group/Organization
consulted and what are the anticipated
outcomes of the consultation or areas for
improved coordination?
The agency was consulted through local
community meetings and/or one-on-one
stakeholder engagement. These engagement
efforts provided an opportunity for the agency to
share insights on service delivery challenges,
emerging needs, and resource gaps.
2 Agency/Group/Organization YAKIMA VALLEY PARTNERS HABITAT FOR
HUMANITY
Agency/Group/Organization Type Housing
What section of the Plan was addressed by
Consultation?
Housing Need Assessment
Non-Homeless Special Needs
Economic Development
Anti-poverty Strategy
How was the Agency/Group/Organization
consulted and what are the anticipated
outcomes of the consultation or areas for
improved coordination?
The agency was consulted through local
community meetings and/or one-on-one
stakeholder engagement. These engagement
efforts provided an opportunity for the agency to
share insights on service delivery challenges,
emerging needs, and resource gaps.
3 Agency/Group/Organization Yakima Housing Authority
Agency/Group/Organization Type Housing
PHA
Services - Housing
What section of the Plan was addressed by
Consultation?
Housing Need Assessment
Public Housing Needs
Non-Homeless Special Needs
Market Analysis
Anti-poverty Strategy
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How was the Agency/Group/Organization
consulted and what are the anticipated
outcomes of the consultation or areas for
improved coordination?
The agency was consulted through local
community meetings and/or one-on-one
stakeholder engagement. These engagement
efforts provided an opportunity for the agency to
share insights on service delivery challenges,
emerging needs, and resource gaps.
4 Agency/Group/Organization Salvation Army
Agency/Group/Organization Type Services-Children
Services-Elderly Persons
Services-homeless
What section of the Plan was addressed by
Consultation?
Homelessness Strategy
Homeless Needs - Chronically homeless
Homeless Needs - Families with children
Homelessness Needs - Veterans
Homelessness Needs - Unaccompanied youth
How was the Agency/Group/Organization
consulted and what are the anticipated
outcomes of the consultation or areas for
improved coordination?
The agency was consulted through local
community meetings and/or one-on-one
stakeholder engagement. These engagement
efforts provided an opportunity for the agency to
share insights on service delivery challenges,
emerging needs, and resource gaps.
5 Agency/Group/Organization Rod's House Yakima
Agency/Group/Organization Type Services-homeless
Services-Health
What section of the Plan was addressed by
Consultation?
Homelessness Strategy
Homelessness Needs - Unaccompanied youth
Anti-poverty Strategy
How was the Agency/Group/Organization
consulted and what are the anticipated
outcomes of the consultation or areas for
improved coordination?
The agency was consulted through local
community meetings and/or one-on-one
stakeholder engagement. These engagement
efforts provided an opportunity for the agency to
share insights on service delivery challenges,
emerging needs, and resource gaps.
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6 Agency/Group/Organization Yakima Neighborhood Health
Agency/Group/Organization Type Housing
Services - Housing
Services-Children
Services-Elderly Persons
Services-Persons with Disabilities
Services-Health
What section of the Plan was addressed by
Consultation?
Housing Need Assessment
Homelessness Strategy
Homelessness Needs - Unaccompanied youth
Market Analysis
Anti-poverty Strategy
How was the Agency/Group/Organization
consulted and what are the anticipated
outcomes of the consultation or areas for
improved coordination?
The agency was consulted through local
community meetings and/or one-on-one
stakeholder engagement. These engagement
efforts provided an opportunity for the agency to
share insights on service delivery challenges,
emerging needs, and resource gaps.
7 Agency/Group/Organization Yakima County Department of Human Services
Agency/Group/Organization Type Other government - County
What section of the Plan was addressed by
Consultation?
Housing Need Assessment
Lead-based Paint Strategy
Homelessness Strategy
Non-Homeless Special Needs
Economic Development
Market Analysis
Anti-poverty Strategy
How was the Agency/Group/Organization
consulted and what are the anticipated
outcomes of the consultation or areas for
improved coordination?
The agency was consulted through local
community meetings and/or one-on-one
stakeholder engagement. These engagement
efforts provided an opportunity for the agency to
share insights on service delivery challenges,
emerging needs, and resource gaps.
Identify any Agency Types not consulted and provide rationale for not consulting
No Agency was intentionally excluded from the consultation process, as a 30-day written comment
period will be advertised and open to any citizen or agency to give additional written comment, plus two
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advertised Public Hearings to give ample opportunity for input from individuals, groups, departments,
and/or agencies.
Other local/regional/state/federal planning efforts considered when preparing the Plan
Name of Plan Lead Organization How do the goals of your Strategic Plan overlap
with the goals of each plan?
Continuum of Care Yakima Valley Homeless
Coalition
The City of Yakima closely coordinates with YVHC
to ensure goals are in alignment.
Table 3 – Other local / regional / federal planning efforts
Describe cooperation and coordination with other public entities, including the State and any
adjacent units of general local government, in the implementation of the Consolidated Plan
(91.215(l))
ONDS and other city staff also consult with and serve on the boards of adjacent units of general local
government, including local agencies with wide-spread planning responsibilities such as the Yakima
County Economic Development Council.
ONDS also consults with local human service agencies including the United Way of Yakima County,
Yakima County as well as Yakima Mental Health regarding the non-housing needs of children, elderly,
person's with disabilities, homeless persons, and other populations of need concerning priority needs
and funding gaps. ONDS uses information generated in the Point-In-Time annual homeless count, United
Way of Yakima County's State of Caring Index, (when published), and other sources to identify service
trends, available services, and gaps.
Yakima City consulted with the County Health Services. Additionally, Yakima County Human Services was
a key partner in plan development.
Other organizations, city and county government officials, advocates, and public service providers
attended meeting during which this plan was discussed.
Narrative (optional):
Yakima’s approach to implementing the Consolidated Plan emphasizes regional cooperation and
leveraging partnerships to maximize the impact of federal investments. Through participation in
multiple county and regional planning initiatives, Yakima ensures that CDBG and HOME activities are
coordinated with broader regional development strategies, avoiding duplication of efforts and creating
synergies that benefit the entire Yakima Valley region.
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PR-15 Citizen Participation – 91.105, 91.115, 91.200(c) and 91.300(c)
1. Summary of citizen participation process/Efforts made to broaden citizen participation
Summarize citizen participation process and how it impacted goal-setting
A Citizen Participation Plan was utilized for FY 2025-2029 to guide participation during the development and approval of the 5-year Consolidated
Plan. The views of citizens, public agencies, and other interested parties are solicited to ensure reasonable and accessible involvement of the
citizens of Yakima in the drafting, implementation, and assessment of the City of Yakima’s 2025-2029 Five-Year Consolidated Plan.
Participation is solicited through Public Outreach Events, Public Hearings, and the Yakima Office of Neighborhood Development Services.
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Citizen Participation Outreach
Sort Order Mode of Outreach Target of Outreach Summary of
response/attendance
Summary of
comments received
Summary of comments
not accepted
and reasons
URL (If
applicable)
1 Public Hearing Minorities
Non-English
Speaking - Specify
other language:
Spanish
Persons with
disabilities
Non-
targeted/broad
community
Residents of Public
and Assisted
Housing
A public hearing was
held in November
2024 to gather
feedback and input
on the upcoming CP
process. A
presentation was
provided outlining
CDBG and HOME
programs.
Council members
asked questions.
No public comment
was received.
All comments would be
accepted.
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Sort Order Mode of Outreach Target of Outreach Summary of
response/attendance
Summary of
comments received
Summary of comments
not accepted
and reasons
URL (If
applicable)
2 Newspaper Ad Non-English
Speaking - Specify
other language:
Spanish
Non-
targeted/broad
community
Newspaper ads to
open the public
comment period and
announce the second
public hearing. Both
English and Spanish
No written
comments were
received during this
period.
All comments would be
accepted.
3 Public Hearing Minorities
Non-English
Speaking - Specify
other language:
Spanish
Persons with
disabilities
Non-
targeted/broad
community
A public hearing was
held at a City Council
meeting in July 2025
to gather feedback
on the final plan.
Spanish translation
services are available
at meetings.
Council members
asked clarifying
questions. Three
members of the
public spoke in
favor of continuing
the emergency
home repair
program. Including
the ability to now
stay safely housed
for the long term.
All comments were
accepted.
Table 4 – Citizen Participation Outreach
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Needs Assessment
NA-05 Overview
Needs Assessment Overview
The Needs Assessment (NA) of the Consolidated Plan provides a profile of the City's population, median
income, household demographics, housing problems, cost burden, and crowding. A key goal of the
Needs Assessment is to identify the nature and extent of housing problems experienced by Yakima’s
residents. This assessment will form the basis for the Strategic Plan and the activities that will be
supported with CDBG funding.
The City's Needs Assessment was conducted in a variety of ways, including online surveys, data review
and analysis, attending community meetings, and conducting stakeholder interviews to receive citizen
input about housing and community development needs. In addition, the City of Yakima used the
prepopulated data sets provided by HUD including the 2016-2020 American Community Survey (ACS)
data and 2016-2020 Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data, which provides
information on housing needs, to prepare its estimates and projects. Base year data includes the
prepopulated 2005-2009 data sets provided by HUD for use in making longitudinal comparisons.
Additionally, Yakima is part of the Homeless Coalition of Yakima County, which is tasked to carry out the
Continuum of Care responsibilities for the region. Data for the development of the needs for the
homeless in the area have been obtained from the Homeless Coalition.
The Needs Assessment takes particular care to address "disproportionately greater need" for housing,
severe housing problems, and housing cost burden. A disproportionately greater need exists when the
percentage of persons in a category of need who are members of a particular racial or ethnic group in a
category of need is at least 10 percentage points higher than the percentage of persons in the category
as a whole.
Other Key definitions for Needs Assessment:
Small Family Households (2 persons, neither person 62 years or over, or 3 or 4 persons)
Large Family Households (5 or more persons)
Elderly – People aged 62 and up. "Elderly" refers to individuals 62-74, while those 75 and up may be
referred to as "extra elderly" or "frail elderly." Individuals age 75 and up are generally recognized as a
population with different needs than those 62-74, so the CHAS data separates these groups.
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Community Profile
Yakima, Washington, a community of 93,830 residents and 33,750 households (2016-2020 American
Community Survey), is located in south-central Washington State, within the Yakima Valley, which is
part of the larger Columbia Basin region. The average household size is 2.7 people. The community is
characterized by a mix of family structures, with 38.2% of households identified as married-couple
families and 31.1% led by single female householders. About 33% of households have children under 18,
while 30.9% include someone aged 65 or older—reflecting a median age of 35.9 years. Notably, 29.1%
of householders live alone, and over half of these individuals are seniors. The city’s educational
attainment trails the state average, with only 22.9% of residents holding a bachelor's degree or higher.
Disability impacts a significant portion of the population—15.4%—with 40.7% of those affected being
seniors. Additionally, Yakima faces challenges in health care access, as 12.8% of the population lacks
coverage, more than double the state average. Veterans make up 6.6% of the population, further
contributing to the city's diverse demographic profile. 62.4% of the population 5 years and over speak
only English. The most common second language spoken at home is Spanish (35.5% of households)
Yakima experienced minimal population growth from 2009 to 2020, with an estimated increase of only
around 1%.
Race and Ethnicity
85% of people reporting one race alone. Of these people:
• 60.9% were White;
• 1.7% were Black or African American;
• 3% were American Indian and Alaska Native;
• 1.7% were Asian;
• 0.21% were Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander,
• 32.5% were of some other race.
An estimated 14.9% reported Two or more races.
48.5% of the population identified as Hispanic or Latino (46,992). People of Hispanic origin may be of
any race.
Economic Challenges
Yakima faces significant economic challenges that impact many households across the city. While 73.6%
of households earn income from wages or self-employment, the mean household income is $65,314—
well below the state average of $103,669. Employment remains moderate with a 58.4% employment
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rate, and income disparities persist by gender and household type. Full-time male workers earn an
average of $54,944, compared to $44,786 for their female counterparts. Female-headed households
with children under 18 are especially vulnerable, with median incomes of just $25,562.
Poverty affects nearly one in five Yakima residents (19.2%), nearly double the state rate. The burden is
disproportionately borne by children—27.4% live in poverty—and by BIPOC populations, including 44%
of American Indian/Alaskan Native residents and 20.8% of Black residents. Public assistance programs
like SNAP are essential to many families; nearly 25% of households participate, and over half of those
include children. Among SNAP recipients, 47% have at least one member with a disability, and nearly
28% include a senior. These figures point to a community with a working population that struggles with
low wages, high poverty, and reliance on social safety nets, particularly among single-parent and
marginalized household.
Housing
Yakima’s housing landscape reflects both affordability challenges and aging infrastructure, contributing
to housing insecurity for many residents. With 90,504 total housing units and a 5.1% vacancy rate, the
city maintains a relatively tight housing market. The rental market is especially constrained, with a 2022
rental vacancy rate of just 3%, below the state average. Although median monthly rent in Yakima ($879)
is significantly lower than the statewide median ($1,202), the region's lower incomes mean that many
renters are still cost-burdened. In fact, 69% of renters earning less than 30% of the area median income
are severely cost-burdened, paying more than half of their income on housing.
Homeownership in Yakima stands at 54.6%, and the median monthly housing cost for homeowners with
a mortgage is $1,378. Households that rent earn substantially less than homeowners—$39,080
compared to $67,896—which further exacerbates affordability issues for renters. The city's housing
stock is also relatively old, with 67.3% of units built before 1979 and nearly 18% constructed before
1939, raising concerns about safety, energy efficiency, and habitability. Despite a 17.4% increase in jobs
between 2009 and 2019, housing construction did not keep pace, growing only 3.4% between 2012 and
2022 while the population increased by 6.2%. The combination of rising overcrowding, limited new
housing, and stagnant income growth underscores the growing need for safe, affordable housing in
Yakima.
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NA-10 Housing Needs Assessment - 24 CFR 91.205 (a,b,c)
Summary of Housing Needs
The Housing Needs Assessment relies heavily on prepopulated tables provided to entitlement
communities by HUD. The data sets utilized are primarily CHAS, ACS, and HUD-adjusted median family
incomes (HAMFI).
Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS)
In 1990, Congress passed the National Affordable Housing Act, which required that State and local
governments participating in selected HUD grant programs prepare a Comprehensive Housing
Affordability Strategy (CHAS). The CHAS was meant to serve as the strategic guide for housing and
community development activities, particularly activities funded by HUD grants and targeted to low- and
moderate-income households.
The CHAS data combines ACS microdata with HUD-adjusted median family incomes (HAMFI) to
estimate the number of households that qualify for HUD assistance. The CHAS data also incorporate
household characteristics (race/ethnicity, age, family size, disability status) and housing unit
characteristics (such as the number of bedrooms and rent/owner costs).
HUD-Adjusted Median Family Incomes (HAMFI)
If the terms "area median income" (AMI) or "median family income" (MFI) are used in the CHAS, assume
it refers to HAMFI. This is the median family income calculated by HUD for each jurisdiction to
determine Fair Market Rents (FMRs) and HUD programs' income limits. HAMFI will not necessarily be
the same as other calculations of median incomes (such as a simple Census number) due to a series of
adjustments that are made.
The Community Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) evaluates the conditions of families in the area's
lower 80% of the Housing Affordability Median Income.
Income Category
Extremely low-income at or below 30% HAMFI
Very low-income greater than 30% - 50% HAMFI
Low income greater than 50% - 80% HAMFI
Low- and middle-income less than 100% HAMFI
Upper income greater than 100% HAMFI
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The most relevant income category is 80% of HAMFI because most HUD programs base eligibility on this
threshold, generally referred to as low- to moderate-income.
It is critical to understand how the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
evaluates income within a community. HUD sets income limits that determine eligibility for assisted
housing programs, including the Public Housing, Section 8 project-based, Section 8 Housing Choice
Voucher, Section 202 housing for the elderly, and Section 811 housing for persons with disabilities.
US Census estimates the population of Yakima at 93,260 in 2009 and counts 93,860 persons as of July 1,
2020 (V202). Yakima's population slightly grew by 1% over that period, compared to a population
increase of 6.3% nationwide.
Demographics Base Year: 2009 Most Recent Year: 2020 % Change
Population 93,260 93,830 1%
Households 33,080 33,750 2%
Median Income $40,726.00 $48,220.00 18%
Table 5 - Housing Needs Assessment Demographics
Data Source: 2000 Census (Base Year), 2016-2020 ACS (Most Recent Year)
HAMFI in Yakima
A family in Yakima is considered low- to moderate-income (80% HAMFI) if their annual income is;
$53,100 as a single-person household
$60,700 as a two-person household
$68,300 as a three-person household
$75,850 as a four-person household
$81,950 as a five-person household
$88,000 as a six-person household
Number of Households Table
0-30%
HAMFI
>30-50%
HAMFI
>50-80%
HAMFI
>80-100%
HAMFI
>100%
HAMFI
Total Households 4,535 4,850 7,780 3,595 12,995
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0-30%
HAMFI
>30-50%
HAMFI
>50-80%
HAMFI
>80-100%
HAMFI
>100%
HAMFI
Small Family Households 1,510 1,950 2,515 1,365 5,460
Large Family Households 525 540 1,125 520 1,500
Household contains at least one
person 62-74 years of age 760 860 1,605 680 3,270
Household contains at least one
person age 75 or older 720 770 1,435 400 1,640
Households with one or more
children 6 years old or younger 1,010 1,355 1,800 850 1,340
Table 6 - Total Households Table
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
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Housing Needs Summary Tables
1. Housing Problems (Households with one of the listed needs)
Renter Owner
0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total 0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
Substandard
Housing -
Lacking
complete
plumbing or
kitchen
facilities 215 90 80 25 410 0 10 0 0 10
Severely
Overcrowded -
With >1.51
people per
room (and
complete
kitchen and
plumbing) 225 460 360 120 1,165 0 0 80 0 80
Overcrowded -
With 1.01-1.5
people per
room (and
none of the
above
problems) 130 150 405 130 815 95 75 250 75 495
Housing cost
burden greater
than 50% of
income (and
none of the
above
problems) 1,860 865 305 15 3,045 695 350 265 65 1,375
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Renter Owner
0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total 0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total
Housing cost
burden greater
than 30% of
income (and
none of the
above
problems) 340 1,180 800 240 2,560 260 570 1,150 290 2,270
Zero/negative
Income (and
none of the
above
problems) 195 0 0 0 195 20 0 0 0 20
Table 7 – Housing Problems Table
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
2. Housing Problems 2 (Households with one or more Severe Housing Problems: Lacks kitchen
or complete plumbing, severe overcrowding, severe cost burden)
Renter Owner
0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total 0-
30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
Having 1 or more
of four housing
problems 2,430 1,565 1,150 290 5,435 790 435 595 140 1,960
Having none of
four housing
problems 860 1,800 2,585 1,475 6,720 455 1,045 3,450 1,690 6,640
Household has
negative income,
but none of the
other housing
problems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 8 – Housing Problems 2
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
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3. Cost Burden > 30%
Renter Owner
0-30%
AMI
>30-50%
AMI
>50-80%
AMI
Total 0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-80%
AMI
Total
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
Small Related 1,140 1,155 360 2,655 225 310 365 900
Large Related 295 240 105 640 150 200 140 490
Elderly 485 515 445 1,445 585 340 680 1,605
Other 840 655 265 1,760 50 80 310 440
Total need by
income
2,760 2,565 1,175 6,500 1,010 930 1,495 3,435
Table 9 – Cost Burden > 30%
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
4. Cost Burden > 50%
Renter Owner
0-30%
AMI
>30-50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
Total 0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
Total
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
Small Related 0 0 310 310 165 135 0 300
Large Related 0 0 50 50 80 25 0 105
Elderly 340 330 280 950 445 140 105 690
Other 0 710 235 945 30 0 0 30
Total need by
income
340 1,040 875 2,255 720 300 105 1,125
Table 10 – Cost Burden > 50%
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
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Renter Cost Burden By Income - Local Housing Solutions
5. Crowding (More than one person per room)
Renter Owner
0-
30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total 0-
30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
Single family
households 305 570 610 175 1,660 40 75 220 45 380
Multiple,
unrelated family
households 55 40 100 25 220 55 0 110 30 195
Other, non-family
households 10 0 60 50 120 0 0 0 0 0
Total need by
income
370 610 770 250 2,000 95 75 330 75 575
Table 11 – Crowding Information – 1/2
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
Renter Owner
0-
30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
Total 0-
30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
Total
Households with
Children Present 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 12 – Crowding Information – 2/2
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Data Source
Comments:
Describe the number and type of single person households in need of housing assistance.
The total number of occupied housing units in Yakima during this time is 33,752, with a median income
of $44,220.
Of these households, 29% householders live alone (single person households):
• Householder living alone are most likely to be 65 years or older (14%); compared to 11.6% of
householders living alone that are between 35 to 64 years old and 3.6% of householders living
alone that are 15 to 34 years old.
• The number of single person male households totals 3,922 (25.4%); 1,404 (35.8%) of these male
alone households are individuals that are 65 years and older. Male full-time, year-round
workers had median earnings of $40,593. This person would be considered low-moderate
income (LMI) as the threshold for a single person household is $50,400.
• The number of single person female households is 5,909 (32.2%); 3,314 (56%) of these female
alone households are individuals 65 years and older. Female full-time, year-round workers
had median earnings of $36,257. This person would be considered low-moderate income (LMI)
as the threshold for a single person household is $50,400.
• 25.1% of householders living alone are homeowners; 33.9% are renters.
Single person households are likely to be female. Over half of the single female households are
individuals 65 years and older. They are more likely to be renters living in a lower income bracket and
experiencing a housing cost burden.
Estimate the number and type of families in need of housing assistance who are disabled or
victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault and stalking.
Domestic Violence
Yakima has critical resources for addressing domestic violence, namely through the Yakima Domestic
Violence Coalition; emergency shelter, transitional housing, permanent housing, and legal services
through the YWCA; and advocacy, counseling, resource referrals through Aspen Victim Advocacy
Services. Additionally, the Yakima Housing Authority has a preference for victims of domestic violence,
dating violence, sexual assault, or human trafficking for the regular Housing Choice Voucher program.
The 2024 Point In Time Count reported the following numbers individuals being served at domestic
violence shelters on a single night in January:
• The Lighthouse – 4
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• YWCA – 31
Disability
Federal nondiscrimination laws define a person with a disability to include any: (1) individual with a
physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities; (2) individual
with a record of such impairment; or (3) individual who is regarded as having such an impairment.
In general, a physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, examples of conditions such
as orthopedic, visual, speech, and hearing impairments, cerebral palsy, autism, epilepsy, muscular
dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV),
developmental disabilities, mental illness, drug addiction, and alcoholism. In general, the definition of
“person with a disability” does not include current users of illegal controlled substances but does
provide protections for individuals with drug or alcohol addiction. Individuals would also be protected
under Section 504 and the ADA if the purpose of the specific program or activity is to provide health or
rehabilitation services to such individuals.
The American Community Survey (ACS) estimates that 16.8% of the population in Yakima has a
disability, compared to a national average of 13.4%. Additionally, 40.7% of Yakima residents with a
reported disability are 65 years of age and over. The City of Yakima has the most persons with a
disability in the county, which is a reflection that Yakima is the central city in the county and has
extensive medical and human services. US Census Data estimates that in 2020 the poverty rate for
people with disabilities is approximately 27%, compared to 11% for persons without disabilities. Data
from the National Disability Institute (NDI) shows that individuals with disabilities face higher levels of
unemployment, lower education attainment, and more significant barriers to economic participation,
contributing to this intersection of poverty and disability. To assist individuals with disabilities, Entrust
Community Services offers a myriad of services, including:
• High school transitions to help youth with disabilities achieve a successful transition from school
to their life following school;
• Individual supported employment to help people prepare for, find, and keep jobs in the
community;
• Community access through basic skills development that help people make social and
recreational connections; and
• Housing support that meets the unique personal and financial needs of clients.
What are the most common housing problems?
The most common housing problem in the City of Yakima continues to be housing affordability.
According to the 2016-2020 ACS and CHAS data, 3,045 renter households are considered severely cost
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burdened; of these households, 61% are considered extremely low income (0-30%AMI). Additionally,
the elderly population is disproportionally impacted by these housing costs. Of the households that are
considered severely cost burdened, 100% of households are considered elderly households as well.
Housing costs are affecting extremely low-income home owners as well; there are 1,375 home owner
households that are considered severely cost-burdened. Of these, nearly 51% are extremely low income.
Nearly 62% of the extremely low-income households that are severely cost burdened are considered
elderly.
Additionally, housing data highlights the lack of affordable and ADA-compliant housing across the
nation. In “The State of the Nation’s Housing” 2022 report, it’s reported that a “vast majority of US
homes lack basic accessibility features – such as no-step entryway and grab bars in the bathroom – that
older adults and people with disabilities often need to live safely in their homes.”
Are any populations/household types more affected than others by these problems?
Renter households with worst-case housing needs are those with very low incomes that do not receive
government housing assistance and pay more than one-half of their incomes toward rent, those that live
in severely inadequate conditions, or both. This population of residents faces the greatest risk of
becoming homeless or having unstable housing.
The greatest housing needs in Yakima exist among renters, particularly those with incomes at or below
30% of AMI. Elderly households are a significant portion of the population in need, both for renters and
owners. This suggests the need for affordable housing options and supportive services geared toward
aging residents.
Which households can have worst-case needs?
By definition, households that can have worst-case needs are households that—
1. Are renters.
1. Have very low incomes—incomes of no more than 50 percent of the area median income
(adjusted for family size).
1. Do not receive housing assistance.
Priority problems trigger worst-case needs
Two types of priority problems determine whether households have worst-case needs:
1. Severe rent burden means that a renter household pays more than one-half of its income for
gross rent (rent and utilities).
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1. Severely inadequate housing refers to units having one or more serious physical problems
related to heating, plumbing, and electrical systems or maintenance
"Worst Case Housing Needs, 2019 Report to Congress" U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Additionally, Elderly households, both renters and homeowners, especially those earning 0-30% AMI,
are likely to be disproportionately affected by severe housing problems. Housing affordability and home
repair assistance programs that address aging in place should also be prioritized.
Describe the characteristics and needs of Low-income individuals and families with children
(especially extremely low-income) who are currently housed but are at imminent risk of
either residing in shelters or becoming unsheltered 91.205(c)/91.305(c)). Also discuss the
needs of formerly homeless families and individuals who are receiving rapid re-housing
assistance and are nearing the termination of that assistance
The McKinney-Vento Act, which later became part of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), mandates
protections and services for homeless children and youth, including those with disabilities. The 2004
reauthorization of IDEA also includes amendments that reinforce timely assessment, inclusion, and
continuity of services for homeless children and youth with disabilities.
McKinney-Vento Definition of Homelessness is anyone who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate
nighttime residence, including:
• Sharing the housing of others due to lack of housing, economic hardship, or similar reason
• Living in motels, hotels, trailer parks, and camping grounds due to a lack of adequate alternative
accommodations
• Living in emergency or transitional shelters
• Abandoned in hospitals
• Awaiting foster care placement
• Living in a public or private place not designed for humans to live
• Living in cars, parks, abandoned buildings, public train stations, etc.
• A migrant child who qualifies under any of the above
The major causes of homelessness for children in the U.S. involve both structural and individual factors,
including:
• the nation's persistently high rates of poverty for families;
• a lack of affordable housing across the nation;
• continuing impacts of the Great Recession;
• racial disparities in homelessness;
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• the challenges of single parenting;
• the ways in which traumatic experiences, especially domestic violence, precede and prolong
homelessness for families.
"America's Youngest Outcasts - A Report on Child Homelessness American Institutes for Research, 2014.
Homelessness can have a tremendous impact on children – their education, health, sense of safety, and
overall development. Fortunately, researchers found that children are also highly resilient. Differences
between children who have experienced homelessness and low-income children who have not
experienced homelessness typically diminish in the years following a homeless episode.
When compared to low-income and homeless families, children experiencing homelessness have been
shown to:
• Have higher levels of emotional and behavioral problems;
• Have increased risk of serious health problems;
• Are more likely to experience separations from their families; and
• Experience more school mobility, repeat a grade, are more likely to be expelled or drop out of
school, and have lower academic performance.
"National Alliance to End Homelessness"
If a jurisdiction provides estimates of the at-risk population(s), it should also include a
description of the operational definition of the at-risk group and the methodology used to
generate the estimates:
Specify particular housing characteristics that have been linked with instability and an
increased risk of homelessness
Housing cost burden continues to be a primary risk for low-income individuals and families with children
at risk of experiencing homelessness. The National Alliance to End Homelessness states that "low-
income households are typically unemployed or underemployed due to many factors, such as a
challenging labor market, limited education, a gap in work history, a criminal record, unreliable
transportation or unstable housing, poor health, or a disability. For those who are low-income but
employed, wages have been stagnant and have not kept pace with expensive housing costs. The typical
American worker has seen little to no growth in his/her weekly wages over the past three decades. Too
little income combined with the dwindling availability of low-cost housing leaves many people at risk for
becoming homeless."
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Other than income, some other characteristics can also predispose an individual or household to
homelessness, including:
• Persons leaving institutions: detox, mental hospitals, prisons, etc.
• Households paying more than 50% of income for housing costs
• Victims of domestic violence
• Special needs populations (persons with AIDS, disabilities, drug or alcohol addiction, etc.)
• Single parent head of households who are unemployed
• People who are doubling up in unstable living arrangements (and cannot be counted as
homeless)
• Families living below the poverty level
Households that exhibit one or more of these characteristics constitute a population that is "at-risk" of
becoming homeless. These individuals and families are at risk of becoming homeless because they have
a lesser chance of making economic improvements in their lives.
Discussion
Housing is Out of Reach
There is a significant gap between renters’ wages and the cost of rental housing across the United
States. A full-time worker needs to earn an hourly wage of $40.32 on average to afford a modest, two-
bedroom rental home in the state of Washington. This “Housing Wage” for a two-bedroom home is
$33.07 higher than the federal minimum wage of $7.25 and $24.04 higher than the Washington
minimum hourly wage of $16.28 (non-tipped workers) earned by renters.
Renters with the lowest incomes face the greatest challenge in finding affordable housing. The average
minimum wage worker in Washington must work nearly 83 hours per week to afford a modest one-
bedroom rental home at the average fair market rent.
A full-time worker needs to earn an hourly wage of $33.77 to afford a one-bedroom rental home. Many
occupations do not earn enough annually to afford housing. The median hourly wage for the following
positions reflects the shortfall:
• Fast food and counter workers - $17.58
• Cashiers - $17.77
• Retail salespersons - $18.38
• Home health and personal care aids - $20.85
• Cooks, restaurant - $21.67
• Waiters and waitresses - $24.12
"Out of Reach 2024" National Low Income Housing Coalition
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NA-15 Disproportionately Greater Need: Housing Problems – 91.205 (b)(2)
Assess the need of any racial or ethnic group that has disproportionately greater need in comparison to
the needs of that category of need as a whole.
Introduction
CDBG entitlement communities are to provide an assessment for each of the disproportionately greater
needs identified. Although the purpose of these tables is to analyze the relative level of need for each
race and ethnic category, the data also provide information for Yakima as a whole that can be useful in
describing the overall need.
Income Category
• Extremely low-income at or below 30% HAMFI
• Very low-income greater than 30% - 50% HAMFI
• Low income greater than 50% - 80% HAMFI
• Low- and middle-income less than 100% HAMFI
• Upper income greater than 100% HAMFI
The most relevant thresholds are 50% and 80% of HAMFI because most HUD programs base eligibility on
these thresholds (which are generally referred to as "very low-income" and "low-income,"
respectively).
Housing Problems
There are four housing problems in the CHAS data:
• The housing unit lacks complete kitchen facilities
• The housing unit lacks complete plumbing facilities;
• Household is overcrowded
• Household is cost-burdened.
A household is said to have a housing problem if they have one or more of these four problems.
Overcrowding is one of the four housing problems evaluated by HUD.
HUD defines overcrowding as:
• Overcrowding - More than one person per room.
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• Severe overcrowding - More than 1.5 persons per room.
HUD defines cost burden as:
• Cost burden - Monthly housing costs (including utilities) exceeding 30% of monthly income.
• Severe cost burden - Monthly housing costs (including utilities) exceeding 50% of monthly
income.
0%-30% of Area Median Income
Housing Problems Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 3,820 720 0
White 1,780 460 0
Black / African American 25 0 0
Asian 70 0 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 135 40 0
Pacific Islander 0 0 0
Hispanic 1,670 190 0
Table 13 - Disproportionally Greater Need 0 - 30% AMI
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
*The four housing problems are:
1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than one person per
room, 4. Cost Burden greater than 30%
30%-50% of Area Median Income
Housing Problems Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 3,750 1,095 0
White 2,075 650 0
Black / African American 20 0 0
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Housing Problems Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Asian 45 20 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 115 0 0
Pacific Islander 0 0 0
Hispanic 1,395 390 0
Table 14 - Disproportionally Greater Need 30 - 50% AMI
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
*The four housing problems are:
1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than one person per
room, 4. Cost Burden greater than 30%
50%-80% of Area Median Income
Housing Problems Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 3,695 4,080 0
White 1,940 2,285 0
Black / African American 145 95 0
Asian 50 25 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 0 4 0
Pacific Islander 0 0 0
Hispanic 1,485 1,600 0
Table 15 - Disproportionally Greater Need 50 - 80% AMI
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
*The four housing problems are:
1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than one person per
room, 4. Cost Burden greater than 30%
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80%-100% of Area Median Income
Housing Problems Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 960 2,635 0
White 580 1,545 0
Black / African American 0 10 0
Asian 10 10 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 0 20 0
Pacific Islander 25 65 0
Hispanic 290 955 0
Table 16 - Disproportionally Greater Need 80 - 100% AMI
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
*The four housing problems are:
1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than one person per
room, 4. Cost Burden greater than 30%
Discussion
An estimated 85% of people reporting one race alone. Of these people:
• 60.9% were White;
• 1.7% were Black or African American;
• 3% were American Indian and Alaska Native;
• 1.7% were Asian;
• 0.21% were Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander,
• 32.5% were of some other race.
An estimated 14.9% reported Two or more races.
Additionally, an estimated 48.5% of the population identified as Hispanic or Latino (46,992). People of
Hispanic origin may be of any race.
An analysis of housing data for the City of Yakima shows that there are no racial or ethnic groups being
disproportionally impacted by housing problems, but income is an indicator of experiencing a housing
problem. The data reveals extremely low-income (0-30% of Area Median Income) and low-income (31-
50% of Area Median Income) households are significantly more likely to encounter at least one housing
problem, such as cost burden, overcrowding, or substandard housing conditions, regardless of race.
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These income groups face the greatest challenges in accessing affordable, safe, and adequate housing,
underscoring the need for targeted interventions to address their specific housing needs.
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NA-20 Disproportionately Greater Need: Severe Housing Problems – 91.205
(b)(2)
Assess the need of any racial or ethnic group that has disproportionately greater need in comparison to
the needs of that category of need as a whole.
Introduction
A disproportionately greater need exists when the members of a racial or ethnic group at a given income
level experience housing problems at a greater rate (10% or more) than the income level as a whole.
Severe housing problems include:
• Overcrowded households with 1.5 persons per room, not including bathrooms, porches, foyers,
halls, or half-rooms
• Households with cost burdens of more than 50% of income
The "2019 County Health Ranking Key Report" by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation found that
"many households are just one unforeseen event – an illness, job loss, financial crisis, or even a drop-in
hour at work – from losing their home. The risk for homelessness is especially high for low-income
families spending more than half of household income on housing costs. Families that face insecure
housing, forced moves, or homelessness are more likely to experience poor mental or physical health
and preventable hospitalizations. For children in these families, experiencing homelessness can also be
harmful to brain and body function and development, with lifelong and cumulative negative health
outcomes for the child, the family, and the community."
0%-30% of Area Median Income
Severe Housing Problems* Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 3,220 1,315 0
White 1,455 790 0
Black / African American 19 10 0
Asian 70 0 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 135 40 0
Pacific Islander 0 0 0
Hispanic 1,415 445 0
Table 17 – Severe Housing Problems 0 - 30% AMI
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
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*The four severe housing problems are:
1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than 1.5 persons per
room, 4. Cost Burden over 50%
30%-50% of Area Median Income
Severe Housing Problems* Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 2,000 2,845 0
White 1,205 1,525 0
Black / African American 20 0 0
Asian 20 45 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 30 85 0
Pacific Islander 0 0 0
Hispanic 665 1,125 0
Table 18 – Severe Housing Problems 30 - 50% AMI
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
*The four severe housing problems are:
1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than 1.5 persons per
room, 4. Cost Burden over 50%
50%-80% of Area Median Income
Severe Housing Problems* Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 1,745 6,035 0
White 715 3,510 0
Black / African American 85 150 0
Asian 30 45 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 0 4 0
Pacific Islander 0 0 0
Hispanic 910 2,175 0
Table 19 – Severe Housing Problems 50 - 80% AMI
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
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*The four severe housing problems are:
1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than 1.5 persons per
room, 4. Cost Burden over 50%
80%-100% of Area Median Income
Severe Housing Problems* Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 430 3,165 0
White 115 2,015 0
Black / African American 0 10 0
Asian 0 25 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 0 20 0
Pacific Islander 25 65 0
Hispanic 250 1,000 0
Table 20 – Severe Housing Problems 80 - 100% AMI
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
*The four severe housing problems are:
1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More than 1.5 persons per
room, 4. Cost Burden over 50%
Discussion
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NA-25 Disproportionately Greater Need: Housing Cost Burdens – 91.205 (b)(2)
Assess the need of any racial or ethnic group that has disproportionately greater need in comparison to
the needs of that category of need as a whole.
Introduction:
This section evaluates the housing cost burden from a racial or ethnic group perspective. Cost burden is
the fraction of a household's total gross income spent on housing costs. For renters, housing costs
include rent paid by the tenant plus utilities. For homeowners, housing costs include mortgage
payments, taxes, insurance, and utilities.
A disproportionately greater need exists when the members of a racial or ethnic group at an income
level experience housing problems at a greater rate (10% or more) than the income level as a whole.
HUD defines cost-burdened families as those “who pay more than 30 percent of their income for
housing” and “may have difficulty affording necessities such as food, clothing, transportation, and
medical care.” Severe rent burden is defined as paying more than 50 percent of one’s income on rent.
The tables display cost burden information for Yakima and each racial and ethnic group.
Cost Burden is described in the tables as:
• No cost burden (less than 30%)
• Cost burden (30-50%)
• Severe cost burden (more than 50%)
• No/negative income. No/negative income households are those whose income is zero or
negative due to self-employment, dividends, and net rental income. These households are not
included in the other two categories but still require housing assistance and are counted
separately.
Data from the American Housing Survey and the American Community Survey indicate that severe
rental burdens disproportionately impact poor families. The Worst Case Housing Needs surveys the
number of very low-income families (those earning less than 50 percent of the area median income)
who pay more than half their income in rent, have substandard housing conditions, or both. Rental
Burdens: Rethinking Affordability Measures, HUD PD&R Edge
Housing Cost Burden
Housing Cost Burden <=30% 30-50% >50% No / negative
income (not
computed)
Jurisdiction as a whole 22,485 6,045 5,000 225
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Housing Cost Burden <=30% 30-50% >50% No / negative
income (not
computed)
White 14,355 3,435 2,830 95
Black / African
American 285 70 55 0
Asian 220 55 90 0
American Indian,
Alaska Native 185 115 135 30
Pacific Islander 120 0 0 0
Hispanic 6,915 2,215 1,670 100
Table 21 – Greater Need: Housing Cost Burdens AMI
Data
Source:
2016-2020 CHAS
30% Affordability Rule - A Discussion
With the cost of housing on the rise, researchers are reexamining the 30-percent rule of thumb for
measuring rental burden. HUD defines cost-burdened families as those “who pay more than 30 percent
of their income for housing” and “may have difficulty affording necessities such as food, clothing,
transportation, and medical care.” Severe rent burden is defined as paying more than 50 percent of
one’s income on rent.
The 30-percent rule — that a household should spend no more than 30 percent of its income on
housing costs — has long been accepted in academic circles and is often included in blogs and websites
on family budgeting. A recent Business Week article, however, argues that the 30-percent rule is “nearly
useless.” The authors suggest that calculating housing cost burden using only income ratios
oversimplifies the issue of housing affordability. Frank Nothaft, chief economist at Freddie Mac, is
quoted in the article as saying, “If your income is $500,000 a year, you can pay 40 percent and still have
money left. But if your income is $20,000 a year, it will be hard to make ends meet if you’re paying 30
percent of your income on rent.”
In discussing the rental affordability measurement to Business Week, David Bieri of the University of
Michigan states that the 30-percent rule “[is] essentially an arbitrary number.” One of the arguments
against the share of income approach is that different households earning the same annual income
spend considerably different amounts of money on basic necessities. For example, families with children
spend more on clothing, food, and medical bills than single adults. Thus, a household with children that
spends 50 percent of its income on housing might be cost-burdened, whereas a single adult who earns
the same salary and spends the same percentage of income on housing might not be. In addition, the
share of income measure does not consider cost-of-living differences in areas where housing is
expensive.
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Discussion:
A disproportionately greater need exists when the percentage of persons in a category of need who are
members of a particular racial or ethnic group is at least 10 percentage points higher than the
percentage of persons in the category as a whole. Within Yakima, no groups meet this HUD definition.
It’s important to note that approximately nearly 15% of the jurisdiction as a whole is considered
severely cost burdened, paying 50% or more of their income towards housing costs; nearly 18% of the
jurisdiction is considered cost burdened.
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NA-30 Disproportionately Greater Need: Discussion – 91.205(b)(2)
Are there any Income categories in which a racial or ethnic group has disproportionately
greater need than the needs of that income category as a whole?
A disproportionately greater number of housing problems would exist when members of any particular
racial or ethnic group at an income level experience housing problems at a rate greater than 10% of the
percentage of the same racial or ethnic group population as a whole. Within Yakima, no groups meet
this HUD definition.
If they have needs not identified above, what are those needs?
While there are no groups to meet HUD’s definition, it’s important to note that any group of persons
that is extremely low or low income are more likely to experience housing conditions. These groups face
the greatest challenges in accessing affordable, safe, and adequate housing, underscoring the need for
targeted interventions to address their specific housing needs. Experiencing one or more housing
problems—such as overcrowding, cost burden, lack of kitchen facilities, or inadequate plumbing—often
exacerbates other challenges that low-income households face. Housing instability can lead to frequent
moves, disrupting employment and children's education. Cost-burdened households may struggle to
afford other necessities like healthcare, transportation, and nutritious food. Additionally, substandard
housing conditions can negatively impact physical and mental health, increasing the likelihood of
respiratory illnesses, stress, and anxiety. The City of Yakima will continue to do the following:
• More outreach to these marginalized groups on Fair Housing Choice.
• More outreach to the rental agencies and property managers on Fair Housing Choice.
• Additional supports to ensure that these renters and homeowners have access to resources and
funding for to ease cost burden, overcrowding, and address substandard living conditions.
Are any of those racial or ethnic groups located in specific areas or neighborhoods in your
community?
To assist communities in identifying racially/ethnically-concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAPs), HUD
has developed a census tract-based definition of R/ECAPs. The definition involves a racial/ethnic
concentration threshold and a poverty test. The racial/ethnic concentration threshold is straightforward:
R/ECAPs must have a non-white population of 50 percent or more. Regarding the poverty threshold,
Wilson (1980) defines neighborhoods of extreme poverty as census tracts with 40 percent or more of
individuals living at or below the poverty line. HUD supplements this with an alternate criterion because
overall poverty levels are substantially lower in many parts of the country. Thus, a neighborhood can be
a R/ECAP if it has a poverty rate that exceeds 40% or is three or more times the average tract poverty
rate for the metropolitan/micropolitan area, whichever threshold is lower. Currently, the city of Yakima
does not have any racially/ethnically-concentrated areas of poverty.
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NA-35 Public Housing – 91.205(b)
Introduction
YHA only administers Housing Choice Vouchers (HCV’s); YHA does not operate public housing. According to YHA’s 2024 Annual Plan, YHA
currently administers 1,312 HCV’s. YHA currently has a “high” performance rating in the Section Eight Management Assessment Program
(SEMAP). SEMAP measures the performance of the public housing agencies (PHAs) that administer the Housing Choice Voucher program in 14
key areas. SEMAP helps HUD target monitoring and assistance to PHA programs that need the most improvement.
YHA housing programs include:
• Family Housing Program: YHA owns and operates 150 units and offers a variety of housing to applicants so they can choose the type that
best fits their family’s needs.
• Farm Worker Housing Program: YHA owns and operates 172 units of agricultural rental housing which are located on 456 sites
throughout Yakima County. Units range from one to five bedrooms. Additionally, 10 units are dedicated to migrant worker housing and 6
units of H-2A housing.
• Section 8/Housing Choice Voucher Program: YHA provides rental assistance to low-income families in the private market. Population
specific vouchers include vouchers for veterans and non-elderly disables households.
• Elderly and Disabled Housing: YHA owns and operates 88 Elderly and Disabled units. All units are one bedroom.
• Homeless Housing: YHA offers 27 units for homeless housing. Additionally, YHA has partnered with several non-profit organizations and
Yakima County’s Department of Human Services and Grant Management to provide housing and services to the homeless. There are 75
vouchers throughout Yakima County specifically set aside for individuals and families who qualify as homeless. In addition, each
individual receives assistance with health care, substance abuse and job training.
• Fruitvale Housing: Fruitvale Housing and YHA have partnered together to build 54 units of affordable housing.
• Veteran Supportive Housing: Chuck Austin Place is a 41 unit, permanent supportive housing development serving formerly homeless
veterans and 12,000 SF supportive service center for both residents and the veteran and homeless community.
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YHA resident services include:
• Family Self-Sufficiency Program: This program helps residents increase their skill levels, education, and employment, to become self-
supporting. The FSS Program is open to households, with or without children.
• Family Fun Night Community Resource Fair: This free community event will features dozens of vendors, providing an array of offerings
from local community organizations and service providers.
• Sharon Wandler Scholarship: Three scholarships will be awarded to candidates pursuing their first degree. One scholarship, which will be
awarded to a returning college attendee, and two scholarships for High School Graduates or GED holder.
• Moving to Work: Helps YHA to maximize the number of households served through the voucher program and making changes to the
voucher program to make it more efficient to operate, more likely to increase the self-sufficiency, and housing choice as well as the
required activities related to landlord incentives.
Totals in Use
Program Type
Certificate Mod-
Rehab
Public
Housing
Vouchers
Total Project -
based
Tenant -
based
Special Purpose Voucher
Veterans
Affairs
Supportive
Housing
Family
Unification
Program
Disabled
*
# of units vouchers in use 0 0 149 644 58 553 33 0 0
Table 22 - Public Housing by Program Type
*includes Non-Elderly Disabled, Mainstream One-Year, Mainstream Five-year, and Nursing Home Transition
Data Source: PIC (PIH Information Center)
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Characteristics of Residents
Program Type
Certificate Mod-
Rehab
Public
Housing
Vouchers
Total Project -
based
Tenant -
based
Special Purpose Voucher
Veterans
Affairs
Supportive
Housing
Family
Unification
Program
Average Annual Income 0 0 14,000 11,552 9,970 11,822 9,800 0
Average length of stay 0 0 4 5 0 5 0 0
Average Household size 0 0 3 2 3 2 1 0
# Homeless at admission 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# of Elderly Program Participants
(>62) 0 0 12 146 1 138 7 0
# of Disabled Families 0 0 26 199 11 171 17 0
# of Families requesting
accessibility features 0 0 149 644 58 553 33 0
# of HIV/AIDS program
participants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# of DV victims 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 23 – Characteristics of Public Housing Residents by Program Type
Data Source: PIC (PIH Information Center)
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Race of Residents
Program Type
Race Certificate Mod-
Rehab
Public
Housing
Vouchers
Total Project -
based
Tenant -
based
Special Purpose Voucher
Veterans
Affairs
Supportive
Housing
Family
Unification
Program
Disabled
*
White 0 0 142 570 48 492 30 0 0
Black/African American 0 0 2 45 5 37 3 0 0
Asian 0 0 1 7 1 6 0 0 0
American Indian/Alaska
Native 0 0 4 21 4 17 0 0 0
Pacific Islander 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*includes Non-Elderly Disabled, Mainstream One-Year, Mainstream Five-year, and Nursing Home Transition
Table 24 – Race of Public Housing Residents by Program Type
Data Source: PIC (PIH Information Center)
Ethnicity of Residents
Program Type
Ethnicity Certificate Mod-
Rehab
Public
Housing
Vouchers
Total Project -
based
Tenant -
based
Special Purpose Voucher
Veterans
Affairs
Supportive
Housing
Family
Unification
Program
Disabled
*
Hispanic 0 0 117 163 21 137 5 0 0
Not Hispanic 0 0 32 481 37 416 28 0 0
*includes Non-Elderly Disabled, Mainstream One-Year, Mainstream Five-year, and Nursing Home Transition
Table 25 – Ethnicity of Public Housing Residents by Program Type
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Data Source: PIC (PIH Information Center)
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Section 504 Needs Assessment: Describe the needs of public housing tenants and applicants
on the waiting list for accessible units:
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a federal law, codified at 29 U.S.C. § 794, that prohibits
discrimination based on disability in federally-assisted programs or activities. Specifically, Section 504
states, "No otherwise qualified individual with a disability in the United States. ..shall, solely by reason of
her or his disability, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to
discrimination under any program, service or activity receiving federal financial assistance or under any
program or activity conducted by any Executive agency or by the United States Postal Service." This
means that Section 504 prohibits discrimination based on disability in any program or activity that
receives financial assistance from any federal agency, including HUD, as well as in programs conducted
by federal agencies, including HUD.
An individual with a disability is any person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially
limits one or more major life activities. The term physical or mental impairment may include, but is not
limited to, conditions such as visual or hearing impairment, mobility impairment, HIV infection,
developmental disabilities, drug addiction, or mental illness. In general, the definition of “person with
disabilities” does not include current users of illegal controlled substances. However, individuals would
be protected under Section 504 (as well as the ADA) if the purpose of the specific program or activity is
to provide health or rehabilitation services to such individuals.
The term major life activity may include: seeing, hearing, walking, breathing, performing manual tasks,
caring for one's self, learning, speaking, or working. This list is not exhaustive. Section 504 also protects
persons who have a record of such impairment or are regarded as having such an impairment. YHA has
fully accessible units and can make reasonable accommodations for tenants.
Most immediate needs of residents of Public Housing and Housing Choice voucher holders
Key Immediate Needs:
• Access to Affordable Housing: YHA operates a computer-generated lottery for the Section 8
waiting List. Due to limited supply, everyone who applies is added to the waiting list. Even those
who have received vouchers struggle to find housing within the program's payment standards as
these standards are not in alignment with market rent rates.
• Increased Landlord Participation: The number of landlords accepting Housing Choice Vouchers
has declined, partly due to the ability to secure higher rents from tenants without vouchers. This
trend limits housing options for voucher holders and exacerbates the housing shortage.
• Improved Housing Conditions: Many affordable housing units in Yakima are in substandard
condition, featuring issues like exposed wiring, mold, and structural hazards. These conditions
compromise the safety and well-being of residents.
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Addressing these immediate needs requires coordinated efforts to secure additional funding, encourage
landlord participation, improve housing conditions, and expand the availability of affordable housing
units. Such measures are essential to support the well-being of YHA residents.
How do these needs compare to the housing needs of the population at large
The challenges of housing cost burden impact almost all families, regardless of the income level. Housing
cost burdens impact middle-income families who have a more significant challenge saving for
emergencies and maintaining their home or saving for homeownership. Households with a high-cost
burden, regardless of income, are at a greater risk of losing their housing.
Discussion
Public housing authority tenants often face multiple challenges that extend beyond the need for
affordable rent. Many residents have low or fixed incomes, making it difficult to afford essentials like
food, healthcare, and transportation. According to HUD, over 50% of public housing households are
headed by elderly or disabled individuals, highlighting the need for accessible housing, supportive
services, and healthcare access. Reliable transportation is also a significant issue, as many public housing
developments are located in areas with limited public transit options, making it harder for tenants to
access jobs, education, and medical care. Additionally, safety and community services are key concerns,
with many residents advocating for improved security measures, youth programs, and workforce
development initiatives. With more than 1.7 million Americans living in public housing, addressing
these needs through expanded social services, better infrastructure, and economic opportunities is
essential to improving the quality of life for public housing residents.
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NA-40 Homeless Needs Assessment – 91.205(c)
Introduction:
A Continuum of Care (CoC) is a geographically based group of representatives that carries out the planning responsibilities of the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) CoC Homeless Assistance Program. These representatives come from organizations
that provide services to people experiencing homelessness.
The Department of Commerce is the Collaborative Applicant for the Washington Balance of State Continuum of Care (BoS CoC). The BoS CoC’s
34 small and medium sized counties received about $8 million annually for 50 permanent and temporary housing projects funded by HUD’s CoC
program. Yakima County elects 2 representatives to the BoS CoC Board (Steering Committee). The Steering Committee meets monthly virtually
and hybrid quarterly. There are several subcommittees that address subpopulations: Families without Children – Chronic Homeless, Youth,
Veterans, Racial Equity, and Families with Children. Each committee typically meets 8-10 times per year. Yakima County also formed the Yakima
County Homeless Coalition (YHC), which aims to address the wide range of matters associated with homelessness in Yakima County with the
goals of making homelessness brief and rare.
The Department of Commerce coordinates the annual Point-In-Time (PIT) count with and reports results to the State Legislature and HUD. 2024
County PIT data is used within this section. Due to the nature of a one-night count, the uses of the PIT Count data and its limitations should be
noted. It is understood that a one-night point in time count has limitations and in any given year may under-count or over-count the homeless
population when compared to data collected over a more extended period of time or at other periodic intervals. The greatest value of the PIT
Count is that it is an unduplicated count of both sheltered and unsheltered persons experiencing homelessness on one night. Decreases or
increases in the number of persons counted from year to year may indicate a change in the homeless population or external circumstances or
both. Because of the limitations of PIT Count Data, data pulled from Yakima County’s consolidated homeless grant performance tracker
dashboard.
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Homeless Needs Assessment
Population Estimate the # of persons
experiencing homelessness
on a given night
Estimate the #
experiencing
homelessness
each year
Estimate the
# becoming
homeless
each year
Estimate the #
exiting
homelessness
each year
Estimate the #
of days persons
experience
homelessness
Sheltered Unsheltered
Persons in Households with Adult(s)
and Child(ren) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Persons in Households with Only
Children 0 0 0 0 0 0
Persons in Households with Only
Adults 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chronically Homeless Individuals 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chronically Homeless Families 0 0 0 0 0 0
Veterans 0 0 0 0 0 0
Unaccompanied Child 0 0 0 0 0 0
Persons with HIV 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 26 - Homeless Needs Assessment
Data Source Comments:
See attached PIT data
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Yakima County PIT Count 2024 VETERANS
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Yakima County PIT Count 2024 Race Ethnicity
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Indicate if the homeless population
is:
Has No Rural Homeless
If data is not available for the categories "number of persons becoming and exiting homelessness each year," and "number of
days that persons experience homelessness," describe these categories for each homeless population type (including chronically
homeless individuals and families, families with children, veterans and their families, and unaccompanied youth):
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Nature and Extent of Homelessness: (Optional)
Race: Sheltered: Unsheltered (optional)
White 0 0
Black or African American 0 0
Asian 0 0
American Indian or Alaska
Native 0 0
Pacific Islander 0 0
Ethnicity: Sheltered: Unsheltered (optional)
Hispanic 0 0
Not Hispanic 0 0
Data Source
Comments:
Estimate the number and type of families in need of housing assistance for families with
children and the families of veterans.
Describe the Nature and Extent of Homelessness by Racial and Ethnic Group.
See attached data from 2024 PIT Count for Yakima County.
Describe the Nature and Extent of Unsheltered and Sheltered Homelessness.
Unsheltered Homeless refers to the segment of a homeless community who do not have ordinary lawful
access to buildings in which to sleep, as referred to in the HUD definition as persons occupying "place
not meant for human habitation”, (examples: bus stop, parks, riverbed, van, RV, sidewalk).
Sheltered Homeless refers to those in an emergency shelter, in transitional housing, or who are exiting
an institution where they temporarily reside lacking a fixed nighttime residence. People will be
considered homeless if they are exiting an institution where they resided for up to 90 days. People who
are losing their primary nighttime residence which may be a motel, hotel or a doubled up situation
within 14 days and lack resources or support networks to remain in housing, are also considered
homeless.
According to the 2024 Yakima County PIT Count report, there were:
• 143 individuals unsheltered
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• 34 individuals in sanctioned encampments
• 300 individuals in emergency shelter.
The number of individuals experiencing homelessness who were surveyed decreased in 2024 by nearly
15% from 2023. The unsheltered population decreased by nearly 28%, compared to 2023.
According to the Yakima County dashboard, 18% of individuals exiting shelter during FY25 have had a
positive exit destination (i.e. permanent housing).
Discussion:
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NA-45 Non-Homeless Special Needs Assessment - 91.205 (b,d)
Introduction:
Supportive housing is a nationally recognized, evidence-based approach to addressing some of the most
complex challenges facing communities today. It integrates affordable, permanent housing with access
to comprehensive, voluntary support services designed to promote stability, independence, and dignity
for individuals and families with the greatest needs. Residents of supportive housing benefit from
intensive case management and are connected to critical services such as healthcare, workforce
development, and child and family support. Unlike temporary housing solutions, supportive housing is
permanent and does not impose time limits on residency.
Supportive housing improves:
• Housing stability
• Employment
• Mental and physical health
• School attendance
• Engagement with behavioral health services
Several populations of residents in the City of Yakima would benefit from supportive housing. These
include elderly persons, persons with disabilities, persons with behavioral health needs, or persons with
HIV/AIDS and their families.
Describe the characteristics of special needs populations in your community:
Elderly Persons information below covers the population of persons in Yakima aged 65 years or older,
who make up 16% of the population. Additionally:
• 50% of persons aged 65 years or older are living alone
• 41% have a reported disability
• Are more likely to be homeowners (versus renters)
• 87% receive social security income
Elderly households have housing needs centered on maintaining affordable housing options. Many
residents in this category also benefit from accessibility upgrades in their homes.
Persons with Disability
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Federal nondiscrimination laws define a person with a disability to include any (1) individual with a
physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities; (2) individual
with a record of such impairment; or (3) individual who is regarded as having such an impairment.
In Yakima, 16.8% of the population has a disability:
• 5.4% with a hearing difficulty
• 2.9% with a vision difficulty
• 7.3% with a cognitive difficulty
• 9.1% with an ambulatory difficulty
• 3.6% with a self-care difficulty
• 7.5% with an independent living difficulty
Persons with behavioral health needs often require a holistic approach to support their well-being, as
their challenges extend beyond mental health care alone. Access to behavioral health services, including
therapy, medication management, and crisis intervention, is crucial for stability, yet many face barriers
such as provider shortages, long wait times, and high costs. Reliable transportation is essential to
ensuring they can attend medical appointments, therapy sessions, and access community resources.
Stable and affordable housing is another critical need, as housing insecurity can exacerbate mental
health conditions and make it difficult to adhere to treatment plans. In Yakima, services are available to
women with high-risk pregnancies who are struggling with substance use. The options and opportunities
are tailored to the needs of the individual and the program that will be most beneficial.
Additionally, access to nutritious food plays a significant role in overall health and well-being, as poor
nutrition can contribute to mood disorders and other physical health issues. Comprehensive support
systems, including case management and peer support, are vital in helping individuals with behavioral
health needs maintain stability and improve their quality of life.
Persons Living with HIV/AIDS - SEE DESCRIPTION BELOW
What are the housing and supportive service needs of these populations and how are these
needs determined?
The non-homeless special needs populations in the City of Yakima have a wide range of service needs,
including transitional housing, supportive housing, accessible housing, counseling, case management,
transportation to healthcare facilities, and low barrier access to behavioral health services. All special
needs populations require individualized consideration. While many persons within the special needs
population do not rely on governmental assistance, some do.
Extensive engagement with these target populations and service providers was conducted to gain better
understanding of these needs. Community surveys were administered to gain direct input from these
populations. Engagement at key community events allowed for direct, personal feedback on needs.
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Discuss the size and characteristics of the population with HIV/AIDS and their families within
the Eligible Metropolitan Statistical Area:
According to Washington State’s 2024 HIV Surveillance report, there were 17 new cases in 2023, up
from 9 new cases in 2022. Of these, 4 were a late HIV diagnosis and 14 received initial linkage to HIV
care. There are 290 prevalent cases of HIV in Yakima County and 92% of cases are engaged in care.
If the PJ will establish a preference for a HOME TBRA activity for persons with a specific
category of disabilities (e.g., persons with HIV/AIDS or chronic mental illness), describe their
unmet need for housing and services needed to narrow the gap in benefits and services
received by such persons. (See 24 CFR 92.209(c)(2) (ii))
N/A
Discussion:
Non-homeless special needs populations, including the elderly, individuals with disabilities, those living
with HIV/AIDS, and those with behavioral health needs, require a range of supportive services to
maintain stability and quality of life. The elderly often need assistance with daily living activities,
healthcare access, transportation, and social engagement to prevent isolation. Individuals with
disabilities may require accessible housing, specialized healthcare, employment support, and mobility
assistance. Those living with HIV/AIDS benefit from medical care, case management, access to nutritious
food, and supportive housing to ensure treatment adherence and overall well-being. Individuals with
behavioral health needs require access to mental health services, stable housing, reliable transportation,
and social supports to promote recovery and independence. Coordinated social services and
community-based programs as well as low-barrier access to services that can address acute needs are
critical to addressing these diverse needs. The city will work towards addressing these needs by
targeting future funding towards public service opportunities.
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NA-50 Non-Housing Community Development Needs – 91.215 (f)
Describe the jurisdiction’s need for Public Facilities:
Through consultation with stakeholders, Yakima identified several critical public facility needs to
enhance quality of life and support vulnerable populations. There is a need for affordable child care
facilities with flexible hours, especially for households with non-traditional work schedules, as they are
essential for supporting working parents and promoting economic stability. Stakeholder consultation
revealed that a major concern for developing affordable childcare options is the insufficient
compensation for childcare workers, which creates barriers to expanding quality care options.
Additionally, there is strong need for the development and improvement of community and recreation
facilities, particularly those that provide structured activities and safe spaces for youth and seniors. The
city has made significant investments in park facilities improvements in recent years, addressing
accessibility and recreational opportunities. There is also a continuing need for accessible, well-
maintained parks that offer safe recreational opportunities for residents of all ages and abilities.
An additional need identified through consultation is establishing day centers for individuals
experiencing homelessness, which can serve as vital access points for services, rest, and respite during
daytime hours.
How were these needs determined?
Through consultation with community stakeholders, advocates, and public outreach.
Describe the jurisdiction’s need for Public Improvements:
The community has identified several public improvement priorities aimed at enhancing accessibility,
mobility, and environmental sustainability. High on the list is the need for improved transportation,
including extended hours of operation to better serve residents with non-traditional work schedules.
There is ongoing demand for upgraded sidewalks, with a focus on ensuring accessibility for individuals
with disabilities. The city has made substantial progress in this area, completing sidewalk improvements
that enhance ADA accessibility and connectivity. These projects demonstrate the City's commitment to
creating accessible infrastructure that serves residents with disabilities and supports community
mobility.
How were these needs determined?
Through consultation with community stakeholders, advocates, and public outreach.
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Describe the jurisdiction’s need for Public Services:
The community has identified a significant need for expanded access to supportive services, particularly
in the areas of mental health and substance use treatment. There are not enough behavioral health
providers, which results in long waits to access help.
There is strong demand for housing and homeless-related services.
The elderly and disabled typically need comprehensive support services related to health care including
access to health services, home healthcare options, and supports related to aging in place such as home
modification, home repair, and assistance with maintenance. The Emergency Repair Program helps
elderly and disabled homeowners maintain housing stability through needed repairs.
Public services are essential to promoting housing stability, improving individual well-being, and
addressing the complex needs of vulnerable populations identified throughout the housing needs
assessment process.
How were these needs determined?
Through data/study reviews, consultation with community stakeholders, advocates, and public
outreach.
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Housing Market Analysis
MA-05 Overview
Housing Market Analysis Overview:
The Market Analysis aims to provide a clear picture of the environment in which the jurisdiction must
administer its programs throughout the Consolidated Plan period. In conjunction with the Needs
Assessment, the Market Analysis will provide the basis for the Strategic Plan and the programs and
projects to be administered.
The Housing Market Analysis provides information on:
• Significant characteristics of Yakima’s housing market in general, including the supply, demand,
condition, and cost of housing
• Housing stock available to serve persons with disabilities and other special needs
• Condition and need of public and assisted housing
• A brief inventory of facilities, housing, and services to meet the needs of homeless persons
• Regulatory barriers to affordable housing
• Significant characteristics of the jurisdiction's economy
The City of Yakima is the “Heart of Central Washington,” bounded by the Yakima River to the east and
rolling orchards in west valley, serving as a center of the Yakima Valley’s agricultural prosperity for
over125 years, and growing into a dynamic cultural, recreational, and economic hub of the region. With
a population of 93,830 (2016-2020 ACS) the City of Yakima is the eleventh largest city in the State of
Washington. However, despite this status Yakima still retains its rural character due to a strong
agricultural base and a vibrant natural setting.
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MA-10 Number of Housing Units – 91.210(a)&(b)(2)
Introduction
The United States needs more housing and more varied housing to meet households' needs throughout
the country. Some economists estimate that one consequence of the 2008 foreclosure crisis was the
slow rebound in home construction while household growth continued, resulting in the
underproduction of housing by more than 3 million units.
Although home production has recently been on the rise, building permits, one indicator of new housing
supply, remain below historical averages and far below the level needed to eliminate the deficit in
housing.
The consequences of inadequate supply are higher housing costs for renting or buying a home. More
than 37 million renter and owner households spent more than 30 percent of their income on housing in
2019. In the years prior to the pandemic, low-interest rates for mortgage loans and increasing incomes,
not lower home values, had reduced owner cost burden. For renters, increasing incomes were matched
by rising rents, maintaining cost burdens despite a strong economy.
"Opportunities to Increase Housing Production and Preservation" HUD PD&R, September 7, 2021
According to the 2016-2020 ACS data summarized below, there are an estimated 24,904 total housing
units, which is a slight increase of 254 units from the 2011-2015 ACS data from the previous
Consolidated Plan. There are 22,954 occupied housing units (13,785 owner-occupied and 9,345 renter-
occupied). The total number of vacant housing units is calculated at 1,950, which represents 7.8% of the
total housing in the city.
As shown in Table 31, single unit, detached dwellings (21,810) comprise 61% of the City's total housing
inventory, while apartment buildings containing 2-4 dwelling units make up 13% of the City's housing
stock.
ACS data reports that 74% of owner-occupied dwelling units in Yakima are 3-bedroom or larger and only
3% are one-or no-bedroom units. In contrast, renter-housing is predominately 2-bedroom units at 38%,
with 3 or more bedroom units being 28%, and one-bedroom or no bedroom units 33% of the rental
units. Considering the household compositions and the vacancy rates, it will be important for the City to
ensure the “right-size” affordable housing is developed. The need for larger units may be declining.
All residential properties by number of units
Property Type Number %
1-unit detached structure 21,810 61%
1-unit, attached structure 1,905 5%
2-4 units 4,650 13%
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Property Type Number %
5-19 units 2,490 7%
20 or more units 2,660 7%
Mobile Home, boat, RV, van, etc. 2,240 6%
Total 35,755 100%
Table 27 – Residential Properties by Unit Number
Data Source: 2016-2020 ACS
Unit Size by Tenure
Owners Renters
Number % Number %
No bedroom 85 0% 1,750 11%
1 bedroom 490 3% 3,350 22%
2 bedrooms 4,125 22% 5,905 38%
3 or more bedrooms 13,715 74% 4,335 28%
Total 18,415 99% 15,340 99%
Table 28 – Unit Size by Tenure
Data Source: 2016-2020 ACS
Describe the number and targeting (income level/type of family served) of units assisted with
federal, state, and local programs.
HUD programs provide assistance in three categories: public housing, tenant-based, and multifamily
assisted or privately owned, project-based housing. Public housing is a form of project-based subsidy
because households may receive assistance only if they agree to live at a particular public housing
project. In public housing, local housing agencies receive allocations of HUD funding to build, operate, or
improve housing. The local agencies own the housing. In Yakima, there are no public housing options.
The Yakima Housing Authority, through the Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD) program,
converted all public housing to Housing Choice Vouchers (HCVs). YHA administers 1,313 vouchers. An
overview of units and populations served can be found on YHA’s website: YHA Services - Yakima
Housing Authority
Provide an assessment of units expected to be lost from the affordable housing inventory for
any reason, such as expiration of Section 8 contracts.
Does the availability of housing units meet the needs of the population?
The current availability of housing units does not meet the demand of low- to moderate-income renters
and homeowners. Renters are uniquely impacted by the rising value of single-family homes and
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property lots. Landowners of single-family rentals are more likely to sell their rental investment property
as housing values continue to rise, further reducing the number of available rental houses.
Additionally, as housing prices increase, it becomes increasingly difficult for middle to moderate-income
renters to transition to homeownership due to the higher monthly mortgage costs and downpayment
requirements. It can be extremely challenging for extremely low to low-income renters to "compete" for
a limited amount of rental housing. To mitigate this competition, the state of Washington includes
protections against discrimination based on “source of income” under its fair housing laws.
Washington’s Residential Landlord-Tenant Act was amended in 2018 to prohibit discrimination based on
a tenant's source of income, which means landlords cannot refuse to rent to someone solely because
they receive rental assistance, social security, or other public benefits as part of their income.
Washington’s law also requires that if a landlord has specific income standards (such as income-to-rent
ratios), they must consider a tenant’s subsidy or voucher as part of the income calculation. Additionally,
the law created a mitigation fund to help landlords cover any damage beyond normal wear and tear,
making it more appealing for landlords to accept tenants using housing vouchers or subsidies. However,
there are still considerable challenges that impact enforcement and housing availability for low- and
extremely low-income households. Even with anti-discrimination protections, there is a shortage of
affordable housing units for low-income households. Some landlords may still try to circumvent source
of income protections through subtle tactics, such as imposing strict screening criteria unrelated to
income. For example, higher credit score requirements, background checks, and extensive rental history
reviews can still prevent low-income applicants from securing housing, even when they have a voucher
or other assistance. Additionally, enforcement can be challenging and tenants may be reluctant to
report discrimination due to fear of retaliation or fear of losing the limited housing options available to
them.
Describe the need for specific types of housing:
The City of Yakima needs affordable housing units that ensure that low- to moderate-income
residents spend no more than 30% of their monthly income on housing expenses. While there is a
monumental amount of new housing units in the community, it does not meet the financial needs of the
community's residents most vulnerable to housing instability.
It is critical to understand how the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) evaluates
income within a community. HUD sets income limits that determine eligibility for assisted housing
programs, including the Public Housing, Section 8 project-based, Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher,
Section 202 housing for the elderly, and Section 811 housing for persons with disabilities. HUD develops
income limits based on Median Family Income estimates and Fair Market Rent area definitions for each
metropolitan area, parts of some metropolitan areas, and each non-metropolitan county. The City of
Yakima falls within the Yakima, WA MSA FMR Area.
A family in Yakima is considered low- to moderate-income if they make
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• $51,300 as a single-person household
• $60,700 as a two-person household
• $68,300 as a three-person household
• $75,850 as a four-person household
• $81,950 as a five-person household
• $88,000 as a six-person household
Most residents in Yakima either have a close family member or have had an annual income qualifying
them as low- to moderate-income. Residents who fall within these income categories may have unique
difficulties. There is also a lack of “accessible” housing units in the City to address the needs of the
physically disabled.
Discussion
There is a continuing need for “affordable” and “accessible” housing in the City of Yakima. Much of the
existing housing is sound and there appears to be an adequate supply of market-rate housing. However,
housing opportunities are lacking for the lower income renters and homebuyers in the City. Low-income
homeowners with high housing cost burdens need housing rehabilitation programs to bring their
dwellings up to code standards, make them energy efficient and help them reduce their cost burdens.
Low-income renters with housing problems, including high housing cost burdens, need access to quality
affordable rental housing.
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MA-15 Housing Market Analysis: Cost of Housing - 91.210(a)
Introduction
The data presented in this section indicates that, within the City of Yakima, there is a diverse mix of
housing in different price ranges for owner-occupied and rental dwelling units. However, conclusions
about the availability of affordable housing for low- and moderate-income households need to take into
account additional factors such as the age and condition of this housing and the neighborhoods in which
such housing is located. Housing needs to be both affordable and good quality and located within safe,
stable residential neighborhoods.
The median home value increased nearly 16% between the 2011-2015 ACS data, $157,700, and the
2016-2020 ACS data, $182,900. The median contract rent (using the same sources) increased 14% from
$632/month to $721/month. Of the total number of occupied rental units, nearly 62% (9,440) were in
the $500 to $999 category per month. An important consideration when estimating rental rates is the
differing practices regarding the inclusion of utilities and fuels in rental payments. Gross rent accounts
for these variations by combining the contract rent with the estimated average monthly cost of utilities
(such as electricity, gas, and water/sewer) and fuels (including oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc.), if they are
paid by the renter or on the renter’s behalf. This approach ensures consistency by eliminating
discrepancies related to the inclusion of these additional costs.
Cost of Housing
Base Year: 2009 Most Recent Year: 2020 % Change
Median Home Value 156,700 182,900 17%
Median Contract Rent 632 721 14%
Table 29 – Cost of Housing
Data Source: 2000 Census (Base Year), 2016-2020 ACS (Most Recent Year)
Rent Paid Number %
Less than $500 2,900 18.9%
$500-999 9,440 61.6%
$1,000-1,499 2,400 15.7%
$1,500-1,999 440 2.9%
$2,000 or more 165 1.1%
Total 15,345 100.1%
Table 30 - Rent Paid
Data Source: 2016-2020 ACS
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Housing Affordability
Number of Units affordable to
Households earning
Renter Owner
30% HAMFI 635 No Data
50% HAMFI 3,700 1,065
80% HAMFI 9,675 5,145
100% HAMFI No Data 7,360
Total 14,010 13,570
Table 31 – Housing Affordability
Data Source: 2016-2020 CHAS
Homeowner Housing Stability
The Federal Finance Housing Agency - FHFA House Price Index (FHFA HPI®) is a broad measure of the
movement of single-family house prices. The FHFA HPI is a weighted, repeat-sales index, meaning that it
measures average price changes in repeat sales or refinancings on the same properties. This information
is obtained by reviewing repeat mortgage transactions on single-family properties whose mortgages
have been purchased or securitized by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac since January 1975. The FHFA HPI
serves as a timely, accurate indicator of house price trends at various geographic levels. Because of the
breadth of the sample, it provides more information than is available in other house price indexes. It
also provides housing economists with an improved analytical tool that is useful for estimating changes
in the rates of mortgage defaults, prepayments, and housing affordability in specific geographic areas.
The population of Yakima is largely stagnant with little increase in wages. The FHFA HPI Calculator is
available on the FHFA website and provides data on the increase of house prices in Yakima measured
quarterly. A quick calculation for a home purchased in 2023 Quarter 1 for $182,900 and sold in 2024
Quarter 2 would have an appreciation of 9.8% and have an estimated value of $200,984. Continued
housing cost increases will result in households that cannot maintain the aging housing stock, reduce
the ability of renters to transition to homeownership, and cause the existing residents to be unable to
purchase homes inside the city.
Monthly Rent
Monthly Rent ($) Efficiency (no
bedroom)
1 Bedroom 2 Bedroom 3 Bedroom 4 Bedroom
Fair Market Rent 858 864 1,137 1,616 1,698
High HOME Rent 556 637 837 1,065 1,169
Low HOME Rent 556 609 731 845 942
Table 32 – Monthly Rent
Data Source: HUD FMR and HOME Rents
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Is there sufficient housing for households at all income levels?
The lack of affordable housing impacts low- and moderate-income residents the greatest. The steadily
increasing rent costs compound the financial struggles that these families are at risk of experiencing.
Additionally, the growing need for new rental housing units and aged housing unit stock results in many
renters living in substandard housing conditions.
AFFORDABLE, BUT NOT AVAILABLE
Homes that are affordable to extremely low-income renters are not necessarily available to them. In the
private market, households can occupy homes that cost less than 30% of their incomes, and many do.
When higher-income households occupy rental homes also affordable to lower-income households,
they render those homes unavailable to the lower-income households. Extremely low-income renters
must compete with all higher-income households for the limited number of rental homes affordable to
them in the private market. To truly measure the housing options extremely low-income renters have,
we must account for the fact that higher-income renters occupy some of the most affordable units.
Rental homes are both affordable and available for households of a specific income group if the homes
are affordable to them and they are not occupied by higher-income households.
EXTREMELY LOW-INCOME RENTERS
The vast majority of extremely low-income renters work in low-wage jobs or are unable to work. With
wages insufficient to pay for modest rental housing even when individuals work full-time year-round, a
brief furlough or loss of hours, as we have seen over the past year, can create debts that renters can
never repay. Extremely low-income renters in the labor force, many already struggling to pay their rents
before the pandemic, were significantly impacted by COVID-19. Low-wage work comprised a
disproportionate share of industries most affected by COVID-19 shutdowns. Extremely low-income
renters were likely impacted by the closures of restaurants, hotels, and other places of low-wage
employment. The Gap, A Shortage of Affordable Homes, National Low Income Housing Coalition, March
2021
How is affordability of housing likely to change considering changes to home values and/or
rents?
With a median home value of $182,900, it appears that Yakima’s housing stock is “affordable” compared
to state and national averages (state: $605,400; national: $420,500). However, given a stagnant
population, current economic conditions, increase in the number of renters, and increase in rental rates,
a variety of housing “affordability” issues need to be addressed:
• Much of the affordable housing stock in Yakima is old and older houses are more expensive to
maintain and often need rehabilitation;
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• LMI households in Yakima are shown to be cost burdened, and such households often have
difficulties obtaining housing that is both affordable for their situation and in decent condition;
and
• It is likely that rental rates will continue to increase.
Rental Housing Stability
As the economy improves, rental prices continue to increase. The trend over the past decade has been a
higher rental increase than the increase in monthly wages. As this trend continues, it puts more
significant financial pressure on low- and moderate-income families who are spending an ever-
increasing percentage of their income on housing costs.
As higher-income renters and distressed homeowners seek cheaper alternatives to their current
housing, competition for less expensive rental homes may actually increase. Meanwhile, few of the
lowest-income renters have the option of leaving the rental market altogether. Consequently, rents for
the least expensive homes may be less responsive to economic downturns, and in some cases, they
could even increase because of greater demand. Even if rents at the bottom-end of the market fall
during a downturn, they will not fall sufficiently to provide extremely low-income renters with an
adequate supply of affordable housing. Owners have an incentive to abandon their rental properties or
convert them to other uses when rental income is too low to cover basic operating costs and
maintenance. They have little incentive to provide housing in the private market at rents that are
affordable to extremely low-income renters. During periods of economic growth, the private market on
its own still does not provide an adequate supply of rental housing affordable to low-income
households. The rents that the lowest-income households can afford to pay typically do not cover the
development costs and operating expenses of new housing. While new construction for higher-income
renters encourages a chain of household moves that eventually benefits lower-income renters, new
luxury units may not impact rents at the bottom of the market as much as they do rents at the top. The
Gap, A Shortage of Affordable Homes, National Low Income Housing Coalition, March 2021
See attached for Homeowner Housing Stability discussion.
How do HOME rents / Fair Market Rent compare to Area Median Rent? How might this
impact your strategy to produce or preserve affordable housing?
Since 1974 the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has helped low-income
households obtain better rental housing and reduce the share of their income that goes toward rent
through a program that relies on the private rental market. A key parameter in operating the certificate
and voucher programs is the Fair Market Rent (FMR). FMRs play different roles in the certificate and
voucher programs. In both programs, FMRs set limits. In the certificate program, FMRs set limits on
what units can be rented; in the voucher program, FMRs set limits on the subsidy provided to the
household. Certificate program households cannot rent units with gross rents exceeding the FMR; the
recipients receive a subsidy equal to the difference between the gross rent and 30 percent of their
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incomes. Voucher program households receive a subsidy equal to the difference between the FMR and
30 percent of their monthly incomes. Participants in the voucher program can choose units to live in
with gross rents higher than the FMR, but they must pay the full cost of the difference between the
gross rent and the FMR, plus 30 percent of their income. FMRs are intended to ensure that rental
assistance beneficiaries have access to safe, decent housing while balancing affordability with local
market conditions. HUD updates FMRs annually, taking into account local rent surveys, inflation, and
other economic factors. However, there is often a disconnect between market realities and funding
regulations undermines the ability of programs to assist those in need and reduces the overall impact
of rental assistance efforts.
According to HUD’s 2024 Fair Market Rent data for the Yakima, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area, fair
market rent for an efficiency apartment is $990; $997 for a one-bedroom; $1,310 for a two-bedroom.
NOTE: FMR includes the cost of utilities; for a resident living in a one-bedroom unit, the FMR $913 is the
total cost for rent AND utilities for that unit. These monthly FMRs are below the High and Low HUD
HOME rent.
Discussion
The need is for the City to encourage the rehabilitation and preservation of existing rental housing to
ensure that these affordable units are also in good condition. New construction of affordable rental
housing may only be successful to the extent that the production of such units can be subsidized to
enable them to remain affordable and to the extent that existing rental housing is seen as substandard
and undesirable.
Quality Affordable Homes Critical to Good Health
Ensuring enough affordable homes are available can lead to healthier families and communities. When
rents are high, families prioritize rent and utilities over food and health care, even when serious health
conditions are part of the picture. Stable, safe, and well-maintained housing can also decrease exposure
to environmental hazards like mold, lead, or pests, which are linked to chronic illnesses. Additionally,
housing stability helps individuals maintain consistent access to healthcare providers and medications,
leading to improved overall well-being and fewer emergency interventions.
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MA-20 Housing Market Analysis: Condition of Housing – 91.210(a)
Introduction
Housing is a major element of people’s material living standards. It is essential to meet basic needs, such
as for shelter from weather conditions and to offer a sense of personal security, privacy, and personal
space. Good housing conditions are also essential for people’s health and affect childhood
development.
Housing is the key to reducing intergenerational poverty and increasing economic mobility. Research
shows that increasing access to affordable housing is the most cost-effective strategy for reducing
childhood poverty and increasing economic mobility in the United States. Stanford economist Raj Chetty
found that children who moved to lower-poverty neighborhoods saw their earnings as adults increase
by approximately 31%, an increased likelihood of living in better neighborhoods as adults, and a lowered
likelihood of becoming a single parent. Moreover, children living in stable, affordable homes are more
likely to thrive in school and have greater opportunities to learn inside and outside the classroom.
Increasing access to affordable housing bolsters economic growth. Research shows that the shortage of
affordable housing costs the American economy about $2 trillion a year in lower wages and productivity.
Without affordable housing, families have constrained opportunities to increase earnings, causing
slower GDP growth. In fact, researchers estimate that the growth in GDP between 1964 and 2009 would
have been 13.5% higher if families had better access to affordable housing. This would have led to a $1.7
trillion increase in income or $8,775 in additional wages per worker. Moreover, each dollar invested in
affordable housing boosts local economies by leveraging public and private resources to generate
income—including resident earnings and additional local tax revenue—and supports job creation and
retention. "The Problem," National Low Income Housing Alliance
Describe the jurisdiction's definition of "standard condition" and "substandard condition but
suitable for rehabilitation":
For this Consolidated Plan, the City of Yakima will use the HUD housing quality standards as defined
below:
1. Standard Condition. A unit of housing is considered to be in standard condition if it is generally in
good repair, with no substandard habitability elements (i.e., lacking complete plumbing or kitchen
facilities) or exterior elements. Such units may be eligible for housing rehabilitation funding if interior
conditions are such that the HUD Section 8 Housing Quality Standards are not met, or a threat to the
integrity or livability of the unit exists and should be addressed. Examples of ways in which the interiors
of such homes might be rehabilitated include the replacement of heating systems, electrical system
repairs or upgrades, plumbing system repairs or upgrades, energy efficiency improvements, and
accessibility improvements.
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2. Substandard Condition but Suitable for Rehabilitation. This category describes dwelling units that do
not meet one or more of the HUD Section 8 quality standard conditions, likely due to deferred
maintenance or work without permits, but that is both financially and structurally feasible for
rehabilitation. Such units may be lacking complete plumbing and kitchen facilities and/or may have
exterior elements in need of repair (e.g., a roof in need of replacement, siding in need of repair or
replacement, missing or failing foundation). In order to be suitable for rehabilitation, the unit value
generally exceeds the cost of repairs or upgrades that would be required to bring it to standard
condition. This category of property does not include units that need correction or minor livability
problems or maintenance work.
3. Substandard Condition and Not Suitable for Rehabilitation. This category describes dwelling units in
such poor conditions as to be neither structurally nor financially feasible for rehabilitation. Such units
will typically have an improvement value that is less than the cost of addressing the habitability and
exterior elements that cause its classification as "substandard" or will be considered unfit to occupy for
safety reasons by the city's building official.
The table below displays the number of housing units, by tenure, based on the number of "conditions"
the unit has. Selected conditions are similar to housing problems in the Needs Assessment: are (1) lacks
complete plumbing facilities, (2) lacks complete kitchen facilities, (3) more than one person per room,
and (4) cost burden greater than 30%.
Condition of Units
Condition of Units Owner-Occupied Renter-Occupied
Number % Number %
With one selected Condition 4,485 24% 6,915 45%
With two selected Conditions 145 1% 1,330 9%
With three selected Conditions 0 0% 30 0%
With four selected Conditions 0 0% 0 0%
No selected Conditions 13,785 75% 7,065 46%
Total 18,415 100% 15,340 100%
Table 33 - Condition of Units
Data Source: 2016-2020 ACS
Year Unit Built
Year Unit Built Owner-Occupied Renter-Occupied
Number % Number %
2000 or later 2,040 11% 2,340 15%
1980-1999 3,110 17% 3,510 23%
1950-1979 7,895 43% 6,310 41%
Before 1950 5,365 29% 3,185 21%
Total 18,410 100% 15,345 100%
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Table 34 – Year Unit Built
Data Source: 2016-2020 CHAS
Risk of Lead-Based Paint Hazard
Risk of Lead-Based Paint Hazard Owner-Occupied Renter-Occupied
Number % Number %
Total Number of Units Built Before 1980 13,260 72% 9,495 62%
Housing Units build before 1980 with children present 2,195 12% 740 5%
Table 35 – Risk of Lead-Based Paint
Data Source: 2016-2020 ACS (Total Units) 2016-2020 CHAS (Units with Children present)
Vacant Units
Suitable for
Rehabilitation
Not Suitable for
Rehabilitation
Total
Vacant Units 0 0 0
Abandoned Vacant Units 0 0 0
REO Properties 0 0 0
Abandoned REO Properties 0 0 0
Table 36 - Vacant Units
Data Source: 2005-2009 CHAS
Need for Owner and Rental Rehabilitation
<TYPE=[text] REPORT_GUID=[F8DC4D3147433947165558A235C46686]
PLAN_SECTION_ID=[1313801000]>
Estimated Number of Housing Units Occupied by Low or Moderate Income Families with LBP
Hazards
Environmental lead is a toxic substance affecting the growth and development of up to one million U.S.
preschool children today, with effects ranging from learning disabilities to death. High lead levels can
cause many health problems by damaging the brain, nervous system, and kidneys. Lead poisoning can
cause decreased intelligence, behavioral and speech problems, anemia, decreased muscle and bone
growth, poor muscle coordination, and hearing damage. Lead exposures remain prevalent despite
considerable knowledge and increased screening and intervention efforts.
Increased lead exposure and increased body burden of lead remain a significant problem for children in
the United States. Lead is an environmental toxicant that may cause adverse health effects to the
nervous, hematopoietic, endocrine, renal, and reproductive systems. Lead exposure in young children is
particularly hazardous because children absorb lead more readily than adults. Many children exposed to
lead do not exhibit any signs of the disease. The child's signs or symptoms could be mistaken for other
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illnesses, and the child goes undiagnosed. The developing nervous system of children is particularly
more susceptible to the effects of lead. The underdeveloped blood-brain barrier in young children
increases the risk of lead entering the developing nervous system resulting in neurobehavioral disorders.
Blood lead levels (BLLs) at any detectable level have been shown to cause behavioral and developmental
disorders; therefore, no safe blood lead level in children has been identified. It is increasingly
important for continued childhood lead poisoning prevention education and awareness.
Lead-contaminated water, soil, and paint have been recognized as potential sources of children's lead
exposure. Dust from deteriorating lead-based paint is considered the largest contributor to the lead
problem. Until the 1950s, many homes were covered inside and out with leaded paints. Lead began to
fall from favor in the 1950s but was still commonly used until it was banned in homes after 1977.
Because of the long-term use of lead-based paints, many homes in the United States contain surfaces
with paint that is now peeling, chalking, flaking, or wearing away. The dust or paint chips contain high
levels of lead that easily find ways into the mouths of young children. A particular problem has emerged
due to many homes with lead-based paints, which are now undergoing renovations. Often the dust
created by this work has high lead levels, which are readily absorbed by the children's developing
bodies.
Yakima has a sizable amount of housing built before 1980 that has the potential to be hazardous to
children. The 2016-2020 CHAS estimates that 22,755 units were built prior to 1980; approximately
2,935 of these units have children present. It’s important to note the number of
unreported/undetected cases of childhood lead poisoning is unknown, and the low number of reported
cases should not be misconstrued as evidence that lead poisoning is not more widespread.
Discussion
The high percentage of older units (built before 1980) in both owner and rental stock suggests a strong
need for rehabilitation due to aging infrastructure, outdated systems (plumbing, electrical, HVAC), and
potential health hazards (lead paint, asbestos, etc.). Housing rehabilitation funds should prioritize
homes built before 1980, with special attention to pre-1950 homes, which are at higher risk of structural
deterioration and environmental hazards. Some program considerations would be providing incentives
or grants for repairs to improve rental properties. For homeowners, providing low-interest rehabilitation
loans or grant will help maintain housing stability.
Given the age of homes in the city, the risk of lead exposure remains a concern, particularly for young
children who are most vulnerable to its harmful effects. Additionally, the true extent of childhood lead
poisoning in Yakima is uncertain, as unreported or undetected cases may contribute to a more
widespread issue than current data suggests. Therefore, efforts to assess and mitigate lead hazards in
older housing should remain a priority for public health and housing initiatives.
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MA-25 Public and Assisted Housing – 91.210(b)
Introduction
YHA only administers Housing Choice Vouchers (HCV’s); YHA does not operate public housing. According to YHA’s 2024 Annual Plan, YHA
currently administers 1,312 HCV’s. The plan targets households with income under 50% of MFI, expanding housing opportunities with areas
outside of poverty and minority concentrations. YHA currently has a “high” performance rating in the Section Eight Management Assessment
Program (SEMAP). SEMAP measures the performance of the public housing agencies (PHAs) that administer the Housing Choice Voucher
program in 14 key areas. SEMAP helps HUD target monitoring and assistance to PHA programs that need the most improvement.
YHA’s progress on meeting its mission and goals described in its 5-year PHA Plan:
Continue to maintain a "high performance rating in SEMAP - The Housing Authority currently has a "high" performance rating in SEMAP.
Maintain a leasing or authorized budget authority utilization rate of not less than 98% for Section 8 - The Housing Authority's Section 8
utilization for calendar year 2023 is 104.61%.
Increase Section 8 vouchers through requests for incremental and/or special needs vouchers - YHA received an award of JO additional Stability
vouchers in coordination with the Balance of State Continuum of Care.
Grow the home ownership program, utilizing Section 8 vouchers, for not less than 10 families- The Housing Authority has developed a home
ownership program and is working in connection with development to create home ownership opportunities for its residents.
Continue to house homeless through 100 project-based vouchers with our community partners - The Housing Authority has set aside 100
project-based vouchers for housing homeless throughout Yakima County.
Continue to lease all remaining 93 VASH vouchers in connection with the Veteran's Affair Office- YHA has currently leased 72 VASH vouchers
and is working with the Veteran's Affair Office to lease the remaining vouchers.
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Lease the five Mainstream vouchers in coordination with the Spokane Housing Authority - YHA currently is administering 115 mainstream
vouchers and the Spokane Housing Authority ported the remaining mainstream vouchers it administered in coordination with the Yakima
Housing Authority.
Work with our community partners to establish the Foster Youth Initiative- YHA created an MOU with its community partners and has
currently housed five youth and is in the process of requesting and issuing and additional five vouchers.
Preserve the Family Self-Sufficiency program for at least 125 families on Section 8 - YHA currently has 115 families enrolled in the program.
Establish Supportive Employment to augment the Family Self-Sufficiency program - YHA established supportive employment and currently has
15 individuals enrolled in the program.
Maintain compliance with all applicable program requirements - YHA received a repeat finding during the most recent audit for FY2022. The
finding was related to understated assets, liabilities, and expenses as a result of a new development (a component unit of the Housing
Authority). In addition, the YHA received a finding for understating the Schedule of Expenditures of Federal Awards (SEFA). However, YHA
outlined in its Corrective Action Plan that it has relied on outsourced fee accountants for proper recording of all development activities, financial
statement and SEFA preparation, and reporting. YHA will establish a review process by an employee who understands Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles and the Uniform Guidance to ensure accurate preparation and reporting of the financial statements total Federal awards
expended.
Totals Number of Units
Program Type
Certificate Mod-Rehab Public
Housing
Vouchers
Total Project -based Tenant -based
Special Purpose Voucher
Veterans
Affairs
Supportive
Housing
Family
Unification
Program
Disabled
*
# of units vouchers
available 0 0 150 688 49 639 197 0 0
# of accessible units
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*includes Non-Elderly Disabled, Mainstream One-Year, Mainstream Five-year, and Nursing Home Transition
Table 37 – Total Number of Units by Program Type
Data Source: PIC (PIH Information Center)
Describe the supply of public housing developments:
Describe the number and physical condition of public housing units in the jurisdiction, including those that are participating in an
approved Public Housing Agency Plan:
Yakima Housing Authority (YHA) has been designated as a “high performer” and reports the following in regards to physical conditions of public
housing units: Despite having an older housing stock, all of the public housing developments are in good condition and consistently score well on
inspections, including high marks under the NSPIRE standards. The buildings are fully up to code, and they are not experiencing chronic
vacancies. Any vacancies that do occur are the result of normal unit turnover rather than issues with unit quality or demand.
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Public Housing Condition
Public Housing Development Average Inspection Score
Table 38 - Public Housing Condition
Describe the restoration and revitalization needs of public housing units in the jurisdiction:
Describe the public housing agency's strategy for improving the living environment of low-
and moderate-income families residing in public housing:
YHA offers several resident services to improve the living environment of residents:
• Family Self-Sufficiency Program: This program helps residents increase their skill levels,
education, and employment, to become self-supporting. The FSS Program is open to
households, with or without children.
• Family Fun Night Community Resource Fair: This free community event will features dozens of
vendors, providing an array of offerings from local community organizations and service
providers.
• Sharon Wandler Scholarship: Three scholarships will be awarded to candidates pursuing their
first degree. One scholarship, which will be awarded to a returning college attendee, and two
scholarships for High School Graduates or GED holder.
• Moving to Work: Helps YHA to maximize the number of households served through the voucher
program and making changes to the voucher program to make it more efficient to operate,
more likely to increase the self-sufficiency, and housing choice as well as the required activities
related to landlord incentives.
Discussion:
New Activities:
• The Housing Authority intends to award up to 49 project-based vouchers for new construction
within the City of Yakima. The proposal will be awarded based on its consistency with the HUD
statutory goals of de-concentration of poverty and expanding housing and economic
opportunities and the Housing Authority's priorities to support housing for homeless individuals,
housing which provides supportive services to their residents and housing located in the City of
Yakima that serves to expand housing and economic activities.
• Move to Work (MTW) participation that will reduce cost and achieve greater cost effectiveness
and give incentives to families with children whose heads of household are either working,
seeking work, or participating in job training, education or other programs that assist in
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obtaining employment. YHA aims to reduce the cost to administer the voucher program but
getting rid or simplifying regulations and processes that are overly complicated and confusing to
landlords, participants, and staff. Additionally, YHA will establish policies and provide resources
that will enable stability and increase self-sufficiently. Lastly, YHA will explore changes that will
increase landlord participation as well as policies that will all the voucher participants more
choice. Detailed descriptions of the MTW activities can be found in YHA’s 2024 Annual Plan:
https://yakimahousing.org/about/
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MA-30 Homeless Facilities and Services – 91.210(c)
Introduction
Affordable housing has become increasingly difficult to secure as rent rates continue to rise and rental vacancy rates reach virtually zero.
Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic triggered job loss and reduced wages, further adding to the housing instability of thousands of households
throughout Idaho. Ultimately, homelessness is often the end result and does not happen by choice.
Homelessness stems from a variety of factors:
• Unemployment,
• Unforeseen life changes,
• Substance use,
• Medical emergencies,
• Domestic violence, or
• Mental health issues.
Housing instability is particularly challenging due to the limiting wage opportunity and other financial barriers. Nonprofits, community
organizations, and response networks throughout Idaho continue to increase capacity, become more sophisticated, and collaborate in their
efforts to provide housing and critical support services for the most disadvantaged among us.
Often it is easy to see homelessness simply as someone living on the street. While this is the reality for some, it is not for the majority of those
experiencing homelessness. The list below outlines the various definitions of homelessness, which often impact an individual’s eligibility for
services.
Imminent Risk of Homelessness: A person or family who will lose their primary nighttime residence within 14 days.
Precariously Housed/at-risk of homelessness: A person or family who lack a fixed, regular nighttime residence or is being asked to leave their
current living situation. This person likely has an income at or below 30% AMI and insufficient resources or support networks.
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Fleeing/Attempting to Flee Domestic Violence: A person or family that is fleeing or is attempting to flee domestic violence, has no other
residence, lacks resources or support networks, or does not have permanent housing.
Literally Homeless: A person or a family who lacks a fixed, regular and adequate nighttime residence. Typically, this means living in a place not
meant for habitation or in an emergency shelter.
Chronically Homeless: A person or family who has experienced homelessness for at least 12 months consecutively or had 4 episodes of
homelessness in the last 3 years (episodes that total 12 months or more)—while having a disabling condition.
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Describe mainstream services, such as health, mental health, and employment services to the
extent those services are used to complement services targeted to homeless persons
Within the City of Yakima, there is a focus on connecting homeless persons to the mainstream services,
such as health, mental health, and employment services to the extent those services are used to
complement services targeted to homeless persons. Yakima has a variety of providers that work to
support homelessness services, some of which are delivered by local governments and some by regional
non-profits. Below are some key service providers, although this is not an exhaustive list:
Health Services:
Yakima Neighborhood Health Services – provides comprehensive medical, dental, behavioral health, and
social service support. YNHS is also a coordinated entry access point and provides permanent supportive
housing and medical respite care for literally homeless individuals and families.
Yakima Lions Club – provides medical equipment
Triumph Treatment Services – provides outpatient and residential substance use disorder and mental
health treatment
Domestic Violence Services:
YWCA – provides emergency shelter, transitional housing, permanent housing, and legal services for
victims and survivors of violence
Aspen Victim Advocacy Services - advocacy, counseling, resource referrals for victims and survivors of
violence
Food Services:
Several pantries are available including: Yakima Food Pantry, Rotary Food Bank, Fruitvale Community
Market, and Yakima Seventh Day Adventist Food Bank
Union Gospel Mission provides the Good News Café, offering free meals to community members
Employment Services:
Worksource Yakima, South County Workforce, and OIC offer workforce development services, including
connecting job seekers to employment and business to job seekers.
Salvation Army’s Pathways to Hope also provides employment services to individuals with barriers to
employment.
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List and describe services and facilities that meet the needs of homeless persons, particularly
chronically homeless individuals and families, families with children, veterans and their
families, and unaccompanied youth. If the services and facilities are listed on screen SP-40
Institutional Delivery Structure or screen MA-35 Special Needs Facilities and Services,
describe how these facilities and services specifically address the needs of these populations.
Many of the services list above are inclusive to people experiencing homelessness. Facilities include, but
are not limited to:
Emergency Shelter, for individuals and families experiencing homelessness and need an immediate
place to stay:
• Union Gospel Mission - offers adult shelter beds and family shelter beds
• YWCA DV Shelter – provides emergency shelter to individuals/families fleeing domestic violence
Tenant Based Rental Assistance:
• YHA - The Housing Authority received housing choice vouchers for individuals/families
experiencing homelessness.
Permanent Supportive Housing:
• YHA provides permanent supportive housing for veterans (VASH)
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MA-35 Special Needs Facilities and Services – 91.210(d)
Introduction
Everyone needs safe, decent, stable housing. For some of the most vulnerable people in America —
people with mental illness, chronic health conditions, histories of trauma, and other struggles — a home
helps them to get adequate treatment and start on the path toward recovery. But some conditions
make it difficult for people to maintain a stable home without additional help. Supportive housing, a
highly effective strategy that combines affordable housing with intensive coordinated services, can
provide that needed assistance.
A broad body of research shows that supportive housing effectively helps people with disabilities
maintain stable housing. People in supportive housing use costly systems like emergency health services
less frequently and are less likely to be incarcerated. Supportive housing also can aid people with
disabilities in getting better health care and help seniors trying to stay in the community as they age and
families trying to keep their children out of foster care.
Supportive housing is a highly effective strategy that combines affordable housing with intensive
coordinated services to help people struggling with chronic physical and mental health issues maintain
stable housing and receive appropriate health care.
Permanence and affordability. Tenants generally pay no more than 30 percent of their income for rent.
They have the same rights and responsibilities as other renters, such as having the lease in their name
and the right to privacy in their unit, which means they cannot be evicted for reasons unrelated to being
a good tenant.
Integration. Individuals and families are able to live independently in apartments or single-family homes
in residential neighborhoods. Tenants in supportive housing should have access to public transportation,
grocery stores, parks, and other neighborhood amenities common to all other residents. (Less accessible
services put tenants' housing and health at risk: if they are unable to travel to providers' offices, for
instance, they may stop using the services.)
Emphasis on choice. Supportive housing maximizes client choice, in clients' housing options and the
services they receive. For instance, tenants can generally come and go as they please and have control
over their daily schedule, like mealtimes and visitors. They also can direct the types of services they
receive and the goals they set with the service provider.
Low barriers to entry. Supportive housing providers do not require clients to hit benchmarks before
moving into housing or put other screening barriers in the way. Blanket bans on people with criminal
histories or bad credit, for example, or requirements to meet goals, like employment or completing a
course of treatment, before entering supportive housing would screen out the very people supportive
housing aims to help. Individuals and families are able to live independently in apartments or single-
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family homes in residential neighborhoods. "Supportive Housing Helps Vulnerable People Live and Thrive
in the Community" Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, May 31, 2016
Including the elderly, frail elderly, persons with disabilities (mental, physical, developmental),
persons with alcohol or other drug addictions, persons with HIV/AIDS and their families,
public housing residents and any other categories the jurisdiction may specify, and describe
their supportive housing needs
Elderly and Frail Elderly. Supportive housing needs may include health care coordination and
medication management, personal care assistance with daily activities such as bathing and dressing, and
access to nutritious home-delivered meals. Reliable transportation is essential for attending medical
appointments and running errands, while housekeeping and home maintenance support help ensure a
safe living environment. Many older adults also benefit from case management and assistance with
navigating benefits like Medicare or Social Security. To address social isolation and mental health
challenges, services such as counseling and recreational programs are critical, along with accessibility
modifications and emergency alert systems to support safety and mobility. Legal and financial guidance
can further assist seniors in managing their affairs, particularly those living on fixed incomes.
Disability. Individuals with disabilities often require a variety of supportive services to promote
independence, stability, and overall well-being. These services may include assistance with daily living
activities such as bathing, dressing, and meal preparation, as well as care coordination to manage
complex medical needs and access to specialized healthcare. Accessible transportation is crucial for
attending appointments, securing employment, or participating in community life. Many also benefit
from case management to navigate public benefits like Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Medicaid, or
housing assistance. Mental health services, peer support, and recreational opportunities can help
reduce isolation and support emotional well-being. Home modifications such as wheelchair ramps, grab
bars, or adaptive technologies may be necessary to ensure safety and accessibility within the home.
Legal and financial advocacy may also be needed to protect rights and ensure long-term housing and
income stability.
Substance Use Disorders. Individuals with substance use disorders often require a range of supportive
services to achieve stability, recovery, and long-term well-being. These services may include access to
treatment programs such as outpatient counseling, medication-assisted treatment, or inpatient
rehabilitation, as well as ongoing recovery support like peer mentoring and relapse prevention services.
Case management is critical to help individuals navigate healthcare systems, obtain benefits, and secure
stable housing. Mental health services are often essential, as many individuals experience co-occurring
disorders that require integrated care. Transportation assistance can help ensure access to treatment,
employment, and community resources. Additionally, employment support, life skills training, and legal
advocacy can assist individuals in rebuilding their lives and maintaining long-term recovery.
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Persons with HIV & AIDS. The Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA) grants use general
objectives to guide assistance. HOPWA programs can be accessed through the local CoC’s coordinated
entry system; HOPWA services aim to: Increase the availability of decent, safe, and affordable housing
for lower income persons with HIV/AIDS; Create and support affordable housing units for persons with
HIV/AIDS by matching HOPWA resources through community planning for comprehensive housing
strategies; Create partnerships and innovative strategies among local governments and non-profit
organizations to identify and serve the housing and supportive services needs of persons with HIV/AIDS.
Describe programs for ensuring that persons returning from mental and physical health
institutions receive appropriate supportive housing
<TYPE=[text] REPORT_GUID=[F8DC4D3147433947165558A235C46686]
PLAN_SECTION_ID=[1350402000]>
Specify the activities that the jurisdiction plans to undertake during the next year to address
the housing and supportive services needs identified in accordance with 91.215(e) with
respect to persons who are not homeless but have other special needs. Link to one-year
goals. 91.315(e)
Yakima, Washington, has a significant need for both affordable housing and supportive services,
particularly for low-income individuals, and those at risk of becoming homeless. Various organizations
and programs aim to address these needs, offering assistance with move-in costs, rental assistance,
temporary shelter, and supportive services.
Yakima County has a variety of social service providers addressing homelessness and other
needs. The Yakima County CoC (Continuum of Care) coordinates efforts to combat homelessness, with
various organizations providing direct services. Some key providers include The Salvation Army, Union
Gospel Mission, Goodwill, and St. Vincent De Paul. Triumph Treatment Services also offers support for
individuals and families dealing with substance abuse. Additionally, United Way of Central
Washington serves Yakima and Kittitas counties, focusing on community well-being through donations.
Additional Resources-
•
2-1-1: Dial 2-1-1 from any phone in Washington and you will be connected to a comprehensive
information and referral service for housing and other needs.
• Yakima Housing Authority: Yakima Housing Authority was created to provide safe, decent, and
sanitary housing for low- and moderate-income residents of the City of Yakima, Washington.
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OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
• Yakama Nation Housing Authority: The mission of the Yakama Nation Housing Authority is: To
provide safe, decent, affordable, and healthy housing for the families of the Yakama Nation.
• Apartment Finder: aptfinder.org is a non-profit website formed to connect low-income
households with affordable apartment communities throughout Washington State. Listings are
voluntarily advertised on the site by owners and managers of rental apartments for low-income
households whose annual income is below 80% of area median income.
The City of Yakima is designing an application process to provide critical public services to vulnerable
residents. This is an evolving process and is expected to move forward in PY25.
For entitlement/consortia grantees: Specify the activities that the jurisdiction plans to
undertake during the next year to address the housing and supportive services needs
identified in accordance with 91.215(e) with respect to persons who are not homeless but
have other special needs. Link to one-year goals. (91.220(2))
Public Service is a listed project for PY25. The City of Yakima is designing an application process to
provide critical public services to vulnerable residents. This is an evolving process and is expected to
move forward in PY25.
Housing Stability and Aging in Place: Assisting senior citizens, disabled residents with home repairs to
enable them to age in place safely and maintain independence.
Homeownership Sustainability: Assisting low- and moderate-income residents with emergency housing
rehabilitation to help sustain their homeownership status and prevent displacement.
Community Infrastructure: Improving parks, recreation facilities, and sidewalks for low-income
communities and increasing the accessibility of those facilities for persons with disabilities.
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OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
MA-40 Barriers to Affordable Housing – 91.210(e)
Negative Effects of Public Policies on Affordable Housing and Residential Investment
Consolidated Plan YAKIMA 90
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
MA-45 Non-Housing Community Development Assets – 91.215 (f)
Introduction
Yakima’s economy has deep roots in agriculture, driven by the development of irrigation infrastructure and railroads since the early 20th
century. As Washington State’s leading agricultural county, Yakima produces more apples, hops, corn, spearmint, peppermint, grapes, and wine
grapes than any other region in the state. This booming agricultural base underpins local fruit processing industries and remains the central pillar
of economic activity.
Yakima has begun to diversify its economy. Public services, healthcare, and education have become major employers. The region has also placed
strategic emphasis on manufacturing, logistics, and value-added agri-businesses, aided by institutions like the Yakima County Development
Association (YCDA/New Vision) and local economic development agencies.
The median household income is somewhat below national average and there are persistent cost-of-living and housing burdens. Recognizing
these challenges, recent city and county plans prioritize infrastructure upgrades, workforce development, and business retention and
recruitment to foster resilience and inclusive growth.
Economic Development Market Analysis
Business Activity
Business by Sector Number of
Workers Number of Jobs Share of Workers
% Share of Jobs
% Jobs less workers
%
Agriculture, Mining, Oil & Gas Extraction 8,176 6,169 25 15 -10
Arts, Entertainment, Accommodations 3,619 4,677 11 11 0
Construction 1,630 1,406 5 3 -2
Education and Health Care Services 6,392 11,697 19 29 10
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 982 1,444 3 4 1
Information 423 542 1 1 0
Manufacturing 3,014 3,581 9 9 0
Other Services 807 1,183 2 3 1
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Business by Sector Number of
Workers Number of Jobs Share of Workers
% Share of Jobs
% Jobs less workers
%
Professional, Scientific, Management Services 1,238 1,413 4 3 -1
Public Administration 0 0 0 0 0
Retail Trade 4,053 6,132 12 15 3
Transportation and Warehousing 902 692 3 2 -1
Wholesale Trade 1,830 1,789 6 4 -2
Total 33,066 40,725 -- -- --
Table 39 - Business Activity
Data Source: 2016-2020 ACS (Workers), 2020 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (Jobs)
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Labor Force
Total Population in the Civilian Labor Force 42,020
Civilian Employed Population 16 years and
over 39,410
Unemployment Rate 6.21
Unemployment Rate for Ages 16-24 17.14
Unemployment Rate for Ages 25-65 3.66
Table 40 - Labor Force
Data Source: 2016-2020 ACS
Occupations by Sector Number of People
Management, business and financial 5,840
Farming, fisheries and forestry occupations 2,255
Service 4,170
Sales and office 8,165
Construction, extraction, maintenance and
repair 6,200
Production, transportation and material
moving 3,470
Table 41 – Occupations by Sector
Data Source: 2016-2020 ACS
Travel Time
Travel Time Number Percentage
< 30 Minutes 31,273 84%
30-59 Minutes 5,096 14%
60 or More Minutes 963 3%
Total 37,332 100%
Table 42 - Travel Time
Data Source: 2016-2020 ACS
Education:
Educational Attainment by Employment Status (Population 16 and Older)
Educational Attainment In Labor Force
Civilian Employed Unemployed Not in Labor
Force
Less than high school graduate 6,905 695 3,300
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Educational Attainment In Labor Force
Civilian Employed Unemployed Not in Labor
Force
High school graduate (includes
equivalency) 8,155 455 3,440
Some college or Associate's degree 9,735 365 3,080
Bachelor's degree or higher 6,705 90 790
Table 43 - Educational Attainment by Employment Status
Data Source: 2016-2020 ACS
Educational Attainment by Age
Age
18–24 yrs 25–34 yrs 35–44 yrs 45–65 yrs 65+ yrs
Less than 9th grade 310 535 1,780 2,950 1,300
9th to 12th grade, no diploma 2,560 1,890 1,635 2,115 1,205
High school graduate, GED, or
alternative 3,195 4,175 3,010 4,875 3,410
Some college, no degree 2,330 2,670 2,780 4,110 3,660
Associate's degree 650 1,190 935 1,540 960
Bachelor's degree 395 1,685 1,160 1,970 2,060
Graduate or professional degree 59 610 680 1,475 1,505
Table 44 - Educational Attainment by Age
Data Source: 2016-2020 ACS
Educational Attainment – Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months
Educational Attainment Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months
Less than high school graduate 24,460
High school graduate (includes equivalency) 29,205
Some college or Associate's degree 33,825
Bachelor's degree 50,054
Graduate or professional degree 67,742
Table 45 – Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months
Data Source: 2016-2020 ACS
Based on the Business Activity table above, what are the major employment sectors within
your jurisdiction?
The largest employment sector is Education and Health Care Services, which accounts for 29 percent of
all jobs in the area. This sector employs 11,697 individuals but is supported by only 6,392 resident
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workers, resulting in a 10 percent positive gap. This suggests that the sector likely draws workers from
outside the area or that there is a local shortfall in qualified labor. Retail Trade and Agriculture are the
second-largest sector, comprising 15 percent of jobs, followed by Arts, Entertainment, and
Accommodations at 11 percent. While Retail Trade and arts/entertainment show a relatively balanced
workforce-to-jobs ratio, Agriculture has a significant negative gap, indicating more resident workers
than local jobs.
Describe the workforce and infrastructure needs of the business community:
The connection between workforce development and economic development cannot be overstated.
Businesses cannot grow, innovate, or compete effectively without a skilled and reliable workforce.
• Skilled Labor Shortages: Industries, particularly agriculture and potentially manufacturing, face
challenges in attracting and retaining skilled labor. The aging workforce and competition for
skilled workers in various sectors across Washington state contribute to the problem.
• H2A Worker Reliance and Domestic Worker Retention: Agriculture heavily relies on H2A
workers, but domestic workers are leaving the industry for better opportunities and stability,
leading to significant workforce declines in key growing areas like Yakima.
• Job seeker support:
• Efforts to provide stable housing, affordable childcare, and access to healthy food are crucial to
help job seekers enter and remain in the workforce.
• Public Infrastructure Investment: Continued investment in public infrastructure, including
transportation and utilities, is vital for economic growth, market access, reduced trade costs,
and overall business operations.
Describe any major changes that may have an economic impact, such as planned local or
regional public or private sector investments or initiatives that have affected or may affect
job and business growth opportunities during the planning period. Describe any needs for
workforce development, business support or infrastructure these changes may create.
Several recent developments and initiatives in Yakima may significantly impact job and business growth:
• Public Infrastructure Funding Program (SIED): Yakima County's SIED program provides grants
and loans for public infrastructure projects like roads, water, and sewer. This supports private
investment and job creation. Since 1999, the program has invested over $48 million in 125 local
projects. This has supported companies that have invested over $385 million and created over
2150 new jobs. In 2023, the SIED board invested $7,072,991. This program provides a
foundation for economic development.
• Airport Terminal Modernization: Phase I of a $70 million project to modernize the Yakima Air
Terminal has been launched. This aims to meet growing air travel demand, improve passenger
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experience, and position the airport as a hub for aviation technologies and cargo operations.
The SIED Board has approved funding, recognizing its regional economic significance.
• Community Reinvestment Plan (CRP): The Yakima Valley Community Foundation, with the
Washington State Department of Commerce, is distributing over $1.5 million in CRP funds across
Yakima County. These funds support programs like Chismecito y Cafecito, a networking group
for Hispanic entrepreneurs, which provides business growth training and resources.
• Workforce Development Initiatives: Efforts are underway to align educational resources with
employer needs, with a focus on skill enhancement in sectors like agriculture, food processing,
and trade. The Yakima County Development Association (YCDA) also provides no-cost Bilingual
Business Accelerator Programs for business owners. Plans are in place to expand these
opportunities. State investments in workforce development programs like EcSA and CRP have
shown a positive return on investment by increasing earnings for participants and generating
revenue for the state.
• Economic Diversification and Industry Trends: While agriculture remains a key part of the
economy, diversification is needed. Efforts include promoting tourism around wineries and
outdoor recreation, supporting agribusiness growth, and assisting small businesses through
entrepreneurial programs. Healthcare and educational services are also growing sectors,
providing jobs and workforce stability. Manufacturing and retail trade continue to be significant
in the local economy.
How do the skills and education of the current workforce correspond to employment
opportunities in the jurisdiction?
• Mid-Level Skills Gap: There's a shortage of graduates for mid-level occupations requiring
education beyond high school but less than a four-year degree. The largest gaps are in computer
and information science (computer support specialists, software programmers, etc.), technician
roles (primarily in science-related fields), and education (teacher assistants, preschool teachers,
etc.).
• Aging Workforce and Skilled Trades: An aging workforce in skilled trades like construction and
manufacturing creates opportunities but also necessitates a focus on training and attracting new
talent to fill those roles.
• Focus on Workforce Development: Yakima County emphasizes initiatives to enhance skills,
especially in agriculture, food processing, and trade-related industries, to ensure a competitive
local workforce.
• Strong Educational and Healthcare Sectors: These sectors provide stability to the workforce,
potentially offering pathways for individuals interested in those areas.
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• Agricultural and Manufacturing Base: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing remain the largest
industry sector in Yakima, followed by manufacturing.
Describe any current workforce training initiatives, including those supported by Workforce
Investment Boards, community colleges and other organizations. Describe how these efforts
will support the jurisdiction's Consolidated Plan.
Yakima Valley College offers workforce programs for high-wage occupations.
Advanced Manufacturing Apprenticeships-
As a state-funded organization, AJAC provides structured apprenticeships (a combination of on-the-job
training and college-level classes) at no-cost to employers looking to find new talent, grow the skills of
their employees, and retain the individuals who help create the products developed in the Yakima
Valley.
South Central Workforce Development Council-
The SCWDC is the Washington State policy board for workforce programs for region IX. They are a
customer-driven workforce development system delivering easily accessible, high-quality training and
placement services for job seekers and employers.
Does your jurisdiction participate in a Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy
(CEDS)?
Yes
If so, what economic development initiatives are you undertaking that may be coordinated
with the Consolidated Plan? If not, describe other local/regional plans or initiatives that
impact economic growth.
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Discussion
Yakima's workforce development strategy recognizes that many workers possess highly transferable
foundational skills—customer service, time management, problem-solving, and adaptability—that can
be effectively "crosswalked" into higher-wage, more resilient industries.
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MA-50 Needs and Market Analysis Discussion
Are there areas where households with multiple housing problems are concentrated?
(include a definition of "concentration")
For the purposes of this analysis, concentration is defined as census tracts or block groups where the
percentage of households experiencing multiple housing problems exceeds the jurisdiction average by
10 percentage points or more, or where the rate is 1.5 times the jurisdiction average, whichever is
lower.
The US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) identifies four main housing problems:
1. Lacking complete kitchen facilities
2. Lacking complete plumbing facilities
3. Overcrowding (more than one person per room, excluding bathrooms, porches, etc.)
4. Cost burden (monthly housing costs exceeding 30% of monthly income)
A household is categorized as having a housing problem if it experiences at least one of these four
issues.
While current data does not identify areas that meet the above definition, see attached maps/charts for
insight on neighborhood poverty rates.
Are there any areas in the jurisdiction where racial or ethnic minorities or low-income
families are concentrated? (include a definition of "concentration")
According to the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), an area with households with
multiple housing problems concentrated is often described in terms of Racially or Ethnically
Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAPs)
Racial/ethnic concentration threshold: A non-white population of 50 percent or more, or
A poverty rate of 40 percent or more, or meeting an alternative criterion set by HUD.
The City of Yakima has identified R/ECAP areas. See attached map.
What are the characteristics of the market in these areas/neighborhoods?
These central areas of the City tend to have more renter households than owner households, with some
block groups having significantly more than half the households as renters.
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With insufficient access to public transportation late evenings and early mornings in Yakima, residents
may have limited options for getting to and/or keeping jobs with non-standard work hours. Some of the
City’s low- and moderate-income neighborhoods have fewer neighborhood-level
commercial or other service activities (medical offices, grocery stores). The R/ECAP area
identified as having high concentrations of minority populations also has a high percentage of low- and
moderate-income households.
Are there any community assets in these areas/neighborhoods?
The areas of concentration closest to the downtown core and have access to public transportation.
Recreational facilities have undergone upgrades and improvements, though additional
upgrades/investment are warranted.
Are there other strategic opportunities in any of these areas?
The city will work with partners to identify opportunities to access tax credit, and other affordable
housing funding for revitalization and affordable housing construction.
There is good potential to expand critical resource accessibility. Staff will continue to explore
connectivity to services as a priority.
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R/ECAP area map
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MA-60 Broadband Needs of Housing occupied by Low- and Moderate-Income
Households - 91.210(a)(4), 91.310(a)(2)
Describe the need for broadband wiring and connections for households, including low- and
moderate-income households and neighborhoods.
Broadband access in communities helps provide economic growth, improved educational opportunities,
access to better healthcare, greater employment opportunities, improving public safety, and increased
global competitiveness for businesses.
The term broadband commonly refers to high-speed Internet access that is always on and faster than
traditional dial-up access. Broadband includes several high-speed transmission technologies such as
digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem, fiber, wireless, satellite, and broadband over powerlines
(BPL).
Research among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries shows
that a 4 Mbps increase in household broadband speed is associated with a roughly 4 percent increase in
household income. Â Research shows that businesses who begin utilizing broadband increase their
employees' labor productivity by an average of 5 percent in the manufacturing sector and 10 percent in
the services sector.
The current standard for broadband in the U.S. is internet with a 25 Mbps (Megabits per second)
download speed. Â Though Netflix says it needs only 5 Mbps to stream video, the 25 Mbps threshold is
intended to satisfy the different needs; high-quality downloads, video communication, and multiple
demands of a single household's network. However, many Americans are still unable to access
broadband at the speeds necessary to make full use of its benefits.
HUD is actively working to bridge the digital divide in low-income communities served by HUD by
providing help with the expansion of broadband infrastructure to low- and moderate-income
communities. In December 2017, HUD published the final rule, "Narrowing the Digital Divide Through
Installation of Broadband Infrastructure in HUD-Funded New Construction and Substantial Rehabilitation
of Multifamily Rental Housing." The final ruling requires installing broadband infrastructure at the time
of new construction or substantial rehabilitation of multifamily rental housing funded or supported by
HUD. Additionally, CDBG entitlement communities must analyze the broadband needs for housing
occupied by low- and moderate-income households.
Multiple low-medium-cost internet connectivity options are available within Yakima. Maps with
additional information are attached. Competition for residential customers has kept prices reasonable,
typically starting between $30 and $50/month.
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Yakima Valley Libraries offer computers for use up to 60 minutes each day they are open. Most libraries
also offer free access to wireless internet. This can be especially vital for households experiencing short
or long term lack of household internet access.
Excellent cellular network coverage is also available in most Yakima locations. This may offer additional
low-cost "hot-spot" opportunities for network customers. All three of the largest carriers, have a
presence in the area. Smaller providers are also present in the City of Yakima.
Describe the need for increased competition by having more than one broadband Internet
service provider serve the jurisdiction.
The most recent ACS data (2019-2023) estimates that 12% of households within the City of Yakima lack a
broadband connection. This can be attributed to many factors, though cost and availability in areas of
the city likely play a role. Recent Census data show over 90% of households nationwide have a
broadband connection.
Additional competition, including expanded areas served by fiber, could help keep broadband costs low
and potentially reduce the lowest-cost options.
Mobile Broadband
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Fixed Broadband
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MA-65 Hazard Mitigation - 91.210(a)(5), 91.310(a)(3)
Describe the jurisdiction’s increased natural hazard risks associated with climate change.
The Pacific Northwest is predicted to see increased temperatures year-round, resulting in more warm
days in the summer. According to the Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment, this increase
will average .5°F per decade. A consistent increase in temperatures due to the changing climate will
likely result in more extreme heat events across Yakima County and eastern Washington
Increases in evaporation rates, due to rising temperatures, may increase the rate of soil moisture loss
and the intensity of naturally occurring droughts.
From the Yakima County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan of 2022 -Research on climate
change and public health indicates a connection between the change in climate and the frequency of
infectious diseases. Mild and warmer temperatures allow for population increases in vectors that infect
animals. According to the CDC, mild winters, early springs, and warmer temperatures are giving
mosquitoes and ticks more time to reproduce, spread diseases, and expand their habitats throughout
the United States.
Yakima County Vulnerabilities
A public health emergency resulting from a disease can have significant impacts to Yakima County,
resulting in loss in every facet of Yakima County, including human health and safety, critical
infrastructure, government and emergency operations, economy, and cultural resources.
The 2018 Washington State HMP indicated less than 3% of Yakima County’s population is in medium or
higher wildfire exposure areas. Vulnerable populations to wildfire include people who have been
marginalized and/or disproportionally impacted by chronic poverty and inequality, have certain
disabilities, or other access and functional needs. Emphasized by research, wildfires pose additional
stress to vulnerable people because these populations may not have the resources to combat the
negative impacts of fire.
They may also be more exposed, including those in unsuitable housing conditions or with lower incomes
and subsequently fewer resources for fuel reduction and other mitigation measures. Wildfire impacts
are exacerbated due to secondary hazards, such as impacts from smoke and poor air quality, which can
cause health issues to populations inhaling the toxins in the air.
Describe the vulnerability to these risks of housing occupied by low- and moderate-income
households based on an analysis of data, findings, and methods.
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The Yakima County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, completed in early 2022, outlines the
following information -
Yakima County has a very high vulnerability based on the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). Social
vulnerability is driven by social and demographic factors within the community, including high poverty
rates, limited access to healthcare, technology, and transportation, and other factors. Individuals who
are socially vulnerable are at greater risk to contract and experience severe symptoms from a disease or
virus.
While public health emergencies tend to have a widespread impact on a population, but some residents
are at more risk than others. At-risk populations include:
• Children aged 5 and younger
• Adults older than 65 years
• Pregnant women
• Individuals with chronic medical conditions (i.e., asthma, heart failure, obesity, etc.)
• People with compromised immune systems (i.e., diabetes, HIV, cancer, etc.)
Extreme Temperatures: Extreme temperatures can impact the entirety of Yakima County, including
Yakima. Vulnerable populations include people living in nursing homes or care facilities, elderly, people
working outside, and people experiencing homelessness.
Given that drought can impact the entire county, all Yakima County residents, workers, and visitors can
be vulnerable. According to the 2018 Washington State HMP, “almost 50% of the population with
medium or higher drought exposure is also ranked medium or higher on social vulnerability.”35 This
number fluctuates depending on the severity of drought in the County.
As hotter days, ranging over 100 degrees Fahrenheit, increase in the future, there is an expected
increase of heat related illness. Yakima County’s agricultural workers and anyone who works or lives
outside are especially vulnerable to this threat, given their high exposure to the sun. Heat exposure can
lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke, characterized by dizziness, fatigue, headache, nausea, and
lightheadedness. Dehydration is common, particularly where extreme heat and high humidity combine.
Small increases in temperatures can lead to heat-related deaths, especially for vulnerable community
members with underlying medical conditions.
Just over 15% of Yakima County’s total population is exposed to a 100-year flood event, and
approximately 2.7% are exposed to a 500-year flood event. However, more than 5% of the county’s
most vulnerable population (based on a social vulnerability index) resides in the 100-year floodplain, the
highest percentage in the state, according to the 2018 Washington State HMP.
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According to the 2018 Washington State HMP, less than 10% of Yakima County’s vulnerable population
is in medium or higher severe winter storm or weather exposure areas. However, groups of people
experiencing homelessness or with unsuitable housing, people with access and functional needs or
disabilities, and low-income families are highly vulnerable to the impacts of severe winter storms.
Health Disparities
Determinants Risk
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Strategic Plan
SP-05 Overview
Strategic Plan Overview
The Strategic Plan serves as a planning document that outlines the anticipated resources from CDBG and
HOME funding, program income, and other sources over the course of five years. Additionally, a series
of goals is described, illuminating how the City will prioritize available financial resources, geographic
priorities, and expected outcomes.
Priorities and goals were determined through analysis of multiple data sources:
• Comprehensive community surveys and meetings
• Interview and consultation with area stakeholders
• Staff recommendations
• Results of previous monitoring of subrecipients
• HUD Annual Homeless Assessment Report
• HUD Worst Case Housing Needs
• Policy Map, Community Profile
• HUD Community Resiliency Kit
• Community Housing Assessment Strategy (CHAS) data
• American Housing Survey (AHS) data
• American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates
• City Studies and Plans
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SP-10 Geographic Priorities – 91.215 (a)(1)
Geographic Area
Table 46 - Geographic Priority Areas
1 Area Name: Yakima
Citywide
Area Type: Comprehensive
Other Target Area Description: Comprehensive
HUD Approval Date:
% of Low/ Mod:
Revital Type:
Other Revital Description:
Identify the neighborhood boundaries for this target area.
Include specific housing and commercial characteristics of this target area.
How did your consultation and citizen participation process help you to
identify this neighborhood as a target area?
Identify the needs in this target area.
What are the opportunities for improvement in this target area?
Are there barriers to improvement in this target area?
General Allocation Priorities
Describe the basis for allocating investments geographically within the jurisdiction (or within the EMSA
for HOPWA)
Both Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and HOME Investment funds are used citywide.
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SP-25 Priority Needs - 91.215(a)(2)
Priority Needs
Table 47 – Priority Needs Summary
1 Priority Need
Name
Provide Decent Housing
Priority Level High
Population Extremely Low
Low
Moderate
Large Families
Families with Children
Elderly
Public Housing Residents
Chronic Homelessness
Individuals
Families with Children
Mentally Ill
Chronic Substance Abuse
veterans
Persons with HIV/AIDS
Victims of Domestic Violence
Unaccompanied Youth
Elderly
Frail Elderly
Persons with Mental Disabilities
Persons with Physical Disabilities
Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Persons with Alcohol or Other Addictions
Persons with HIV/AIDS and their Families
Victims of Domestic Violence
Geographic
Areas
Affected
Comprehensive
Associated
Goals
Administration and Planning
Housing
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Description A decent place to live removes the barriers to opportunity, success, and health
that have been part of a family's life for years, if not generations. Creating safe
and decent places to live can have incredibly positive effects on a family's health,
students' study habits, and a neighborhood's overall attractiveness and stability.
Decent housing includes a spectrum of solutions: new construction, repair and
renovation, housing finance, infrastructure development, and secure land
tenure, among others.
Basis for
Relative
Priority
Providing people with a range of housing choices has many positive aspects –
both for the community in general and for individual families. As individuals and
families move from one stage of life to the next, various housing types enable
them to live in a place that suits their needs while allowing them to reside in the
same community, keeping those ties and staying close to family members if they
desire.
2 Priority Need
Name
Create A Suitable Living Environment
Priority Level High
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Population Extremely Low
Low
Moderate
Middle
Large Families
Families with Children
Elderly
Public Housing Residents
Chronic Homelessness
Individuals
Families with Children
Mentally Ill
Chronic Substance Abuse
veterans
Persons with HIV/AIDS
Victims of Domestic Violence
Unaccompanied Youth
Elderly
Frail Elderly
Persons with Mental Disabilities
Persons with Physical Disabilities
Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Persons with Alcohol or Other Addictions
Persons with HIV/AIDS and their Families
Victims of Domestic Violence
Non-housing Community Development
Geographic
Areas
Affected
Comprehensive
Associated
Goals
Administration and Planning
Housing
Public Services
Neighborhood Improvements and Public Facilities
Description A good living environment is essential for a good quality of life. A functional and
sound living environment enables different people to lead their daily lives and
fulfill their basic needs, including living, services, working, recreation, hobbies,
rest, and privacy.
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Basis for
Relative
Priority
Jobs, family income, transportation costs, and housing are intricately connected.
New research has demonstrated that stable families, communities, and housing
have a positive impact on economic vitality. Providing opportunities for workers
to live in the city where they work has a positive effect on in-commuting and
reduces transportation costs. Improvements to infrastructure and parks in
eligible neighborhoods can have a significant impact on long-term livability.
3 Priority Need
Name
Expand Opportunities for LMI Persons
Priority Level High
Population Extremely Low
Low
Moderate
Middle
Large Families
Families with Children
Elderly
Public Housing Residents
Chronic Homelessness
Individuals
Families with Children
Mentally Ill
Chronic Substance Abuse
veterans
Persons with HIV/AIDS
Victims of Domestic Violence
Unaccompanied Youth
Elderly
Frail Elderly
Persons with Mental Disabilities
Persons with Physical Disabilities
Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Persons with Alcohol or Other Addictions
Persons with HIV/AIDS and their Families
Victims of Domestic Violence
Non-housing Community Development
Geographic
Areas
Affected
Comprehensive
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Associated
Goals
Administration and Planning
Housing
Public Services
Neighborhood Improvements and Public Facilities
Description Expanding opportunities for low- and moderate-income persons helps to foster
local economic advancement, neighborhood improvement, and individual self-
sufficiency.
Basis for
Relative
Priority
Expanding opportunities for low- and moderate-income residents helps residents
become financially stable and remain in safe and stable housing.
Narrative (Optional)
The City of Yakima seeks to encourage viable community development by promoting integrated
approaches that provide decent housing, a suitable living environment, and expand economic
opportunities for low- and moderate-income persons. The primary means towards this end is the
development of partnerships among all levels of government and the private sector, including for-profit
and non-profit organizations. Housing and community development are not viewed as separate
programs but rather as the various elements that make up a comprehensive vision of community
development.
Needs were identified to align with HUD CDBG objectives. The listed needs cover each of the critical
areas identified by community stakeholders.
This narrative section, while optional, does help to frame the goals and projects outlined elsewhere in
this plan.
Discreet activities are identified once the plan is approved and are a function of the reporting side of
IDIS.
Needs identified correlate directly to goals identified elsewhere in the following way:
Provide Decent Housing
The need for decent, affordable housing is the focus of the housing goal, as well as public services. The
City of Yakima will work with stakeholders to identify opportunities to develop, build, and preserve
affordable housing, and work to provide supportive services to decrease housing insecurity among the
most vulnerable city residents.
Create a Suitable Living Environment
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This need will be addressed by both the public service, housing and public facility/infrastructure
improvement goals. The city is working with community stakeholders to identify critical, unmet public
service needs; identify opportunities to help LMI residents stay in their homes through housing rehab,
thereby preserving affordable housing; and undertaking ADA and other infrastructure and facility
improvements to create a more suitable living environment for Yakima's LMI residents.
Expand Opportunities for LMI Persons
This need, in the short term, will be addressed by increasing access to facilities and infrastructure with
necessary improvements, along with access to funding resources. This may include sidewalk installation,
park upgrades, direct assistance to homebuyers, and other activities associated with expanded physical
and financial access for LMI Yakima residents.
Planning and Administration are considered to support each need, goal, and project outlined in this
Consolidated Plan.
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SP-30 Influence of Market Conditions – 91.215 (b)
Influence of Market Conditions
Affordable
Housing Type
Market Characteristics that will influence
the use of funds available for housing type
Tenant Based
Rental Assistance
(TBRA)
Due to limited resources and staff capacity, the City of Yakima does not
operate a TBRA program. Referrals to other agencies, including Yakima Housing
Authority help residents secure needed resources.
TBRA for Non-
Homeless Special
Needs
Due to limited resources and staff capacity, the City of Yakima does not
operate a TBRA program. Referrals to other agencies, including Yakima Housing
Authority help residents secure needed resources.
New Unit
Production
The City of Yakima collaborates with CBDO and other affordable housing
development organizations, prioritizing the addition of new units. These
partnerships have been successful in leveraging limited funds for development.
HOME-ARP funding also supported the development of new units targeted to
qualifying populations.
The city will continue these partnerships through this Consolidated Plan cycle.
Rehabilitation The City of Yakima Office of Neighborhood Development Services will continue
to operate and manage an emergency repair program targeted to eligible
homeowners. This program has been successful in helping LMI homeowners
with critical repairs, allowing them to continue enjoying their homes in a
healthy and safe manner.
The city also operates a ramp program targeted at senior and disabled
residents, allowing them increased safe access to continue living in their
homes. This rehabilitation will continue to be offered.
Funding may also be available to affordable housing partners to rehabilitate
existing housing. This helps keep critical affordable units in service for the
foreseeable future.
Acquisition,
including
preservation
With development partners, the city explores acquisition opportunities to
increase affordable housing in Yakima.
Table 48 – Influence of Market Conditions
HAMFI in Yakima
A family in Yakima is considered low- to moderate-income (80% HAMFI) if their annual income is;
$53,100 as a single-person household
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$60,700 as a two-person household
$68,300 as a three-person household
$75,850 as a four-person household
$81,950 as a five-person household
$88,000 as a six-person household
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SP-35 Anticipated Resources - 91.215(a)(4), 91.220(c)(1,2)
Introduction
The City of Yakima prioritized goals and objectives for using CDBG and HOME funding to strategically and effectively benefit low- and moderate-
income residents by increasing decent housing, creating a suitable living environment, and expanding opportunities.
The City of Yakima follows HUD guidelines and limits public services to no more than 15% and administration to 20% of the annual entitlement.
Anticipated Resources
Program Source
of Funds
Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected
Amount
Available
Remainder
of ConPlan
$
Narrative Description
Annual
Allocation:
$
Program
Income:
$
Prior Year
Resources:
$
Total:
$
CDBG public -
federal
Acquisition
Admin and
Planning
Economic
Development
Housing
Public
Improvements
Public Services 1,023,311 20,000 1,440,000 2,483,311 4,093,244
Formula grants for housing and
community development activities.
Beneficiaries must have low- or
moderate-income (up to 80% AMI), or
reside in a low/moderate-income
neighborhood.
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Program Source
of Funds
Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected
Amount
Available
Remainder
of ConPlan
$
Narrative Description
Annual
Allocation:
$
Program
Income:
$
Prior Year
Resources:
$
Total:
$
HOME public -
federal
Acquisition
Homebuyer
assistance
Homeowner
rehab
Multifamily
rental new
construction
Multifamily
rental rehab
New
construction for
ownership
TBRA 502,273 50,000 497,000 1,049,273 2,009,088
Formula grants to implement local
housing strategies. Tenants served
must be below 60% AMI;
homeownership activities for
households up to 80% AMI. Requires
25% non- federal matching funds.
Table 49 - Anticipated Resources
Explain how federal funds will leverage those additional resources (private, state and local funds), including a description of how
matching requirements will be satisfied
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Notice CPD-97-03: HOME Program Match Guidance provides guidance on identifying
eligible sources of match, calculating the value of matching contributions, determining the point at which a contribution may be recognized as
match, and tracking matching obligations and contributions.
Projects with firm financial commitments, including leveraged dollars, will have priority over those with pending, tentative, or speculative
commitments.
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If appropriate, describe publicly owned land or property located within the jurisdiction that may be used to address the needs
identified in the plan
Publicly owned lands have not yet been identified to help address the needs of this plan. Yakima will continue to explore opportunities to access
viable public lands whenever possible, helping to address critical needs identified in this 5-year Consolidated Plan.
Discussion
The City of Yakima assists subrecipients and developers in applying for other available funds and leveraging resources to implement community
development and housing activities. The limited city HOME funds regularly provide gap financing for projects awarded Low-Income Housing Tax
Credit or other federal and state funding to support affordable housing. Opportunities to leverage federal funds are explored with each
proposed activity. Additional points will be awarded during application scoring to proposals that have identified match resources.
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SP-40 Institutional Delivery Structure – 91.215(k)
Explain the institutional structure through which the jurisdiction will carry out its consolidated plan
including private industry, non-profit organizations, and public institutions.
Responsible Entity Responsible Entity
Type
Role Geographic Area
Served
CITY OF YAKIMA Government Homelessness
Non-homeless special
needs
Jurisdiction
Table 50 - Institutional Delivery Structure
Assess of Strengths and Gaps in the Institutional Delivery System
The City of Yakima, along with surrounding jurisdictions, benefits from a Coordinated System to identify
housing options for households and a Continuum of Care network of experienced multi-service agencies.
The providers serving City of Yakima residents have a commitment to best practices for high HMIS
system data quality. Coordination of services for vulnerable populations and coordinated engagement of
service providers ensures quality resource sharing and service referrals.
The City of Yakima struggles with having enough affordable rental options for households with rental
barriers or low incomes. The availability of resources to meet the needs identified in this Consolidated
Plan is a constraint. The City of Yakima continues to assess ways to increase affordable housing through
planning, coordination, and conversation with developers and social service partners.
Availability of services targeted to homeless persons and persons with HIV and mainstream
services
Homelessness Prevention
Services
Available in the
Community
Targeted to
Homeless
Targeted to People
with HIV
Homelessness Prevention Services
Counseling/Advocacy X X X
Legal Assistance X
Mortgage Assistance
Rental Assistance X X
Utilities Assistance X
Street Outreach Services
Law Enforcement X
Mobile Clinics
Other Street Outreach Services X
Supportive Services
Alcohol & Drug Abuse X
Child Care X
Education X
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Employment and Employment
Training X
Healthcare X X
HIV/AIDS X X
Life Skills X X X
Mental Health Counseling X X X
Transportation X
Other
Table 51 - Homeless Prevention Services Summary
Describe how the service delivery system including, but not limited to, the services listed
above meet the needs of homeless persons (particularly chronically homeless individuals and
families, families with children, veterans and their families, and unaccompanied youth)
In Yakima, a coordinated and collaborative approach has been established to ensure that both targeted
and mainstream services are accessible to homeless individuals, including chronically homeless persons,
families with children, veterans and their families, unaccompanied youth, and persons living with
HIV/AIDS.
Targeted Homeless Services:
Through the Continuum of Care (CoC), Yakima helps support key service providers offering a range of
interventions, including outreach, emergency shelter, and transitional housing, Coordinated Entry is
utilized to assess and prioritize individuals based on vulnerability and need, ensuring equitable access to
the most appropriate services.
Mainstream Health & Behavioral Health Services:
Homeless individuals and families have access to mainstream services through partnerships with
providers. These organizations offer physical and behavioral health services, including mental health
counseling, substance use treatment, and primary care, regardless of an individual’s ability to pay.
Outreach workers and housing navigators often assist clients in connecting to these services.
Persons living with HIV/AIDS can access housing and supportive services through targeted programs
such as the Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA) program, which operates regionally.
The Yakima Health District offers services and support through an office in Yakima. HIV services include
referrals, education and advocacy in Washington, access to medical care, case management, and
housing assistance are often coordinated through partnerships with local service providers and other
health agencies. These individuals also benefit from general CoC housing programs and may be
prioritized when they meet criteria for vulnerability.
The City of Yakima continues work to strengthen the integration between homeless and mainstream
services through coordinated planning, shared data systems (e.g., HMIS), and cross-sector partnerships
to reduce barriers and improve outcomes for vulnerable populations.
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Describe the strengths and gaps of the service delivery system for special needs population
and persons experiencing homelessness, including, but not limited to, the services listed
above
The City of Yakima’s service delivery system for special needs populations and persons experiencing
homelessness is strengthened by a network of collaborative partners committed to addressing housing
instability, health disparities, and barriers to self-sufficiency. Housing, behavioral health, physical health,
employment, and supportive services providers work closely through coordinated entry, case
management models, and regular cross-sector planning efforts. This collaboration has fostered a
person-centered approach to care, ensuring that services are more responsive and aligned with
individual needs.
The Continuum of Care remains committed to providing provider coordination efforts, quality HMIS data
and training, robust coordinated entry opportunities, and other support and cooperative efforts for
community service providers.
One of the most significant challenges faced is the increased acuity among persons seeking services.
Many individuals and families entering the system are presenting with higher levels of need, including
severe mental health conditions, substance use disorders, chronic health issues, and long-term
unsheltered homelessness. This increased acuity strains the capacity of existing programs, particularly in
areas like behavioral health treatment, intensive case management, and permanent supportive housing.
Providers report longer lengths of stay in programs, higher staff burnout, longer wait times for services,
and limited housing options for those with the most complex needs.
While the system is well-coordinated, gaps remain in specific service areas, including youth-specific
housing and supports, culturally specific services, and long-term housing solutions for medically fragile
individuals. The region's lack of affordable housing further compounds these challenges and limits
successful exits from homelessness.
Provide a summary of the strategy for overcoming gaps in the institutional structure and
service delivery system for carrying out a strategy to address priority needs
Despite the gaps identified, Yakima’s service delivery system continues to evolve through strong
leadership, community engagement, and a commitment to continuous improvement. Targeted
investments in cross-training among providers and system-level coordination efforts are ongoing
strategies to close the gaps and better serve the most vulnerable populations.
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SP-45 Goals Summary – 91.215(a)(4)
Goals Summary Information
Sort
Order
Goal Name Start
Year
End
Year
Category Geographic
Area
Needs Addressed Funding Goal Outcome Indicator
1 Administration and
Planning
2025 2029 Affordable
Housing
Public Housing
Homeless
Non-Homeless
Special Needs
Non-Housing
Community
Development
Yakima
Citywide
Provide Decent
Housing
Create A Suitable
Living
Environment
Expand
Opportunities for
LMI Persons
CDBG:
$1,023,310
HOME:
$251,135
Other:
5 Other
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Sort
Order
Goal Name Start
Year
End
Year
Category Geographic
Area
Needs Addressed Funding Goal Outcome Indicator
2 Housing 2025 2029 Affordable
Housing
Yakima
Citywide
Provide Decent
Housing
Create A Suitable
Living
Environment
Expand
Opportunities for
LMI Persons
CDBG:
$4,253,245
HOME:
$2,807,226
Rental units constructed:
10 Household Housing Unit
Rental units rehabilitated:
2 Household Housing Unit
Homeowner Housing Added:
5 Household Housing Unit
Homeowner Housing
Rehabilitated:
150 Household Housing Unit
Direct Financial Assistance to
Homebuyers:
10 Households Assisted
3 Public Services 2025 2029 Affordable
Housing
Public Housing
Homeless
Non-Homeless
Special Needs
Non-Housing
Community
Development
Yakima
Citywide
Create A Suitable
Living
Environment
Expand
Opportunities for
LMI Persons
CDBG:
$650,000
Public service activities other
than Low/Moderate Income
Housing Benefit:
500 Persons Assisted
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Sort
Order
Goal Name Start
Year
End
Year
Category Geographic
Area
Needs Addressed Funding Goal Outcome Indicator
4 Neighborhood
Improvements and
Public Facilities
2025 2029 Homeless
Non-Homeless
Special Needs
Non-Housing
Community
Development
Yakima
Citywide
Create A Suitable
Living
Environment
Expand
Opportunities for
LMI Persons
CDBG:
$650,000
Public Facility or
Infrastructure Activities other
than Low/Moderate Income
Housing Benefit:
750 Persons Assisted
Table 52 – Goals Summary
Goal Descriptions
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1 Goal Name Administration and Planning
Goal
Description
General Administrative funds will pay reasonable program administrative costs and carrying charges related to planning
and executing community development activities. Administering federal funds and ensuring compliance is critical for
utilizing Federal resources. Yakima is committed to using CDBG entitlement funding for administration to help continue
growing an efficient, effective, and resourceful community development program.
Yakima may have administration and planning projects that include, but are not limited to:
• General management, oversight, and coordination
• Providing local officials and citizens with information about the CDBG program
• Preparing budgets and schedules
• Preparing reports and other HUD-required documents
• Program planning
• Public Information
• Monitoring program activities
• Fair Housing activities
• Submission of applications for Federal Programs
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2 Goal Name Housing
Goal
Description
The City prioritized goals and objectives for using CDBG and HOME funding to strategically and effectively benefit low- and
moderate-income residents by increasing access to decent housing and creating a suitable living environment while
expanding economic opportunities for LMI persons. Yakima is committed to improving and expanding access to safe and
affordable housing for low- and moderate-income (LMI) residents. Affordable and safe housing helps to provide financial
stability, reduces the chances of a person becoming homeless, and promotes housing sustainability.
Yakima's projects to improve housing sustainability may include, but are not limited to:
• Rehabilitation (single-unit residential and/or multi-family residential)
• The administrative cost for rehabilitation activities
• Lead-based paint testing/abatement
• Homeownership Housing Development and Construction
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3 Goal Name Public Services
Goal
Description
Public services are an integral part of a comprehensive community development strategy. Public Service activities provide
a wide range of activities that address needs in the community provided for the target population. Public services can
strengthen communities by addressing the needs of specific populations. They can address a range of individual needs and
increase the impact of CDBG dollars by complementing other activities.
Yakima may allocate up to 15% of CDBG funds to public services programs that provide supportive services to low- to
moderate-income persons or prevent homelessness. In general, these services are provided by local non-profit partners.
This funding is capped at 15% of the CDBG entitlement.
Yakima’s goal to improve and provide public services may include, but is not limited to:
• Services for Homeless Persons
• Services to help prevent homelessness
• Child care
• Health services
• Substance use services
• Services for Domestic Violence Victims
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4 Goal Name Neighborhood Improvements and Public Facilities
Goal
Description
Neighborhood Improvements will focus on safe and accessible infrastructure essential to the quality of life and building
communities that support community diversity and stability. Public infrastructure improvements will generally include the
acquisition, construction, reconstruction, and installation of public infrastructure.
Yakima’s goal to improve and expand public infrastructure may include, but is not limited to:
• ADA Improvements
• Sidewalks
• Curb cuts
• Park and Open Space Improvements
Public Facilities and Improvements are publicly-owned facilities and infrastructure such as streets, playgrounds,
underground utilities, and buildings owned by nonprofits open to the general public. Safe and accessible infrastructure is
essential to the quality of life and building communities that support community diversity and stability. Public facilities and
public improvements are generally interpreted to include all facilities and improvements that are publicly owned or
owned by a nonprofit and open to the general public. Acquisition, construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and
installation of public facilities and improvements are eligible activities.
Yakima's goal to improve and expand public facilities may include, but is not limited to:
• Senior Centers
• Homeless and Domestic Violence Facilities
• Neighborhood Facilities
• Health Facilities
Estimate the number of extremely low-income, low-income, and moderate-income families to whom the jurisdiction will provide
affordable housing as defined by HOME 91.315(b)(2)
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SP-50 Public Housing Accessibility and Involvement – 91.215(c)
Need to Increase the Number of Accessible Units (if Required by a Section 504 Voluntary
Compliance Agreement)
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a federal law, codified at 29 U.S.C. § 794, that prohibits
discrimination based on disability in federally-assisted programs or activities. Specifically, Section 504
states, "No otherwise qualified individual with a disability in the United States. . .shall, solely by reason
of her or his disability, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to
discrimination under any program, service or activity receiving federal financial assistance or under any
program or activity conducted by any Executive agency or by the United States Postal Service." This
means that Section 504 prohibits discrimination based on disability in any program or activity that
receives financial assistance from any federal agency, including HUD, as well as in programs conducted
by federal agencies, including HUD.
An individual with a disability is any person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially
limits one or more major life activities. The term physical or mental impairment may include, but is not
limited to, conditions such as visual or hearing impairment, mobility impairment, HIV infection,
developmental disabilities, drug addiction, or mental illness. In general, the definition of "person with
disabilities" does not include current users of illegal controlled substances. However, individuals would
be protected under Section 504 (as well as the ADA) if the purpose of the specific program or activity is
to provide health or rehabilitation services to such individuals.
The term major life activity may include, for example, seeing, hearing, walking, breathing, performing
manual tasks, caring for one's self, learning, speaking, or working. This list is not exhaustive. Section
504 also protects persons with a record of such impairment or who are regarded as having such an
impairment.
The Yakima Housing Authority is not under a Section 504 Voluntary Compliance Agreement.
Activities to Increase Resident Involvements
The PHA, Yakima Housing Authority (YHA), facilitates a Resident Advisory Board (RAB). The RAB provides
input and review of plans, documents, upcoming YHA projects, and needs of the YHA resident
communities. The board is reflective of the resident community and a vital partner with YHA staff.
YHA offers learning opportunities and programs, and facilitates community offerings to residents and
voucher holders.
Is the public housing agency designated as troubled under 24 CFR part 902?
No
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Plan to remove the ‘troubled’ designation
N/A
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SP-55 Barriers to affordable housing – 91.215(h)
Barriers to Affordable Housing
Strategy to Remove or Ameliorate the Barriers to Affordable Housing
The City of Yakima actively works to reduce barriers to affordable housing development. This includes
working with developers to decrease upfront costs.
The Office of Neighborhood Development Services (ONDS) actively partners with local and regional
agencies, working to locate affordable units in Yakima. These partnerships include funding when gaps
are identified. Developers regularly contact ONDS to discuss opportunities and are skilled at securing
other state and federal funding for activities in Yakima.
Rehabilitation activities provide low-income homeowners with the opportunity to stay safely housed in
a healthy and suitable environment. The residents who access the rehabilitation program would not
typically have an affordable option for emergency repairs, and could be in danger of becoming
unhoused due to critical needs, if the program did not exist.
Affordable housing will remain a priority throughout this Consolidated Plan cycle.
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SP-60 Homelessness Strategy – 91.215(d)
Reaching out to homeless persons (especially unsheltered persons) and assessing their
individual needs
The City of Yakima's strategic plan goals include involvement in the Yakima County Continuum of Care
Plan as a city policy. The plan outlines the continuum of programs and services required to move a
family or individual from homelessness to independent living and self-sufficiency. The Continuum of
Care Plan guides the ONDS's use of resources to reduce the number of homeless households by keeping
as many senior and disabled homeowners as possible from becoming displaced through Emergency
Rehabilitation Assistance. The first priority of the Continuum of Care is to maintain existing resources
that serve the needs of the homeless within the community, while the City of Yakima continues to
concentrate of keeping it's Elderly, Frail Elderly and Disabled homeowners within their homes and from
becoming homeless and adding to the Continuum of Care's burden in assisting the Homeless.
Addressing the emergency and transitional housing needs of homeless persons
The City of Yakima continues to work closely with Yakima Continuum of Care in addressing emergency
shelters and transitional housing needs of homeless persons with technical assistance through its
Planning Department and Office of Neighborhood Development Services.
Involvement is committees and collaborative resource sharing are key components in assisting agencies
and organization address the transitional housing needs of Yakima residents.
Helping homeless persons (especially chronically homeless individuals and families, families
with children, veterans and their families, and unaccompanied youth) make the transition to
permanent housing and independent living, including shortening the period of time that
individuals and families experience homelessness, facilitating access for homeless individuals
and families to affordable housing units, and preventing individuals and families who were
recently homeless from becoming homeless again.
The City of Yakima will continue to invest the limited resources available to support housing
development, including transitional and permanent supportive housing. HOME-ARP funds have been
invested in activities that help secure stable, long term housing solutions for homeless Yakima residents.
ONDS staff will continue to seek opportunities to partner with affordable housing organizations to
support the critical needs of Yakima's homeless. It can be difficult to build our way out of a
homelessness problem. Providing funding to housing that includes supportive services can help bridge
the gap.
Help low-income individuals and families avoid becoming homeless, especially extremely
low-income individuals and families who are likely to become homeless after being
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discharged from a publicly funded institution or system of care, or who are receiving
assistance from public and private agencies that address housing, health, social services,
employment, education or youth needs
Discharge coordination in Yakima and Yakima County is handled through the CORE (Community-
Oriented Re-Entry) program. CORE is a team approach to re-entry and discharge planning with access to
tenant-based housing assistance and mainstream services throughout the Yakima County Homeless
Service Center.
Yakima County criminal justice, substance abuse and mental health systems have a Crisis Triage Center
to coordinate services for people with mental health and/or substance abuse disorders who tend to
cycle through the jail and the hospital emergency department. The CORE team members collaborate
with Yakima County Homeless Services Center's rapid exit coordinator and housing specialist to provide
housing solutions.
Washington State Department of Corrections Reentry programs offer various forms of support, including
job training, educational opportunities, substance abuse treatment, and mental health services.
Coordinated Entry is the county-wide intake, prioritization, and referral system used to get resources to
those with the highest need, regardless of where they are. Coordinated Entry takes a "no wrong door"
policy by offering multiple Access Points across the community. Once an individual experiencing
homelessness completes a Coordinated Entry intake at any of the county-wide Access Points, they will
be eligible for services from across a confidential network of providers.
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SP-65 Lead based paint Hazards – 91.215(i)
Actions to address LBP hazards and increase access to housing without LBP hazards
Lead poisoning is the most significant and prevalent disease of environmental origin among children
living in the United States. Lead exposures remain prevalent despite considerable knowledge and
increased screening and intervention efforts. Environmental lead is a toxic substance that affects the
growth and development of up to one million U.S. preschool children today, with effects ranging from
learning disabilities to death. High levels of lead can cause many health problems by damaging the brain,
nervous system, and kidneys. Lead poisoning can cause decreased intelligence, behavioral and speech
problems, anemia, decreased muscle and bone growth, poor muscle coordination, and hearing damage.
Increased lead exposure and increased body burden of lead remain a significant problem for children in
the United States. Lead is an environmental toxicant that may cause adverse health effects to the
nervous, hematopoietic, endocrine, renal, and reproductive systems. Lead exposure in young children is
particularly hazardous because children absorb lead more readily than adults. Many children exposed to
lead do not exhibit any signs that they have the disease. Any signs or symptoms the child may have
could be mistaken for other illnesses, and the child goes undiagnosed. Children's developing nervous
system is particularly susceptible to the effects of lead. The underdeveloped blood-brain barrier in
young children increases the risk of lead entering the developing nervous system resulting in
neurobehavioral disorders. Blood lead levels (BLLs), at any detectable level, have been shown to cause
behavioral and developmental disorders. Therefore, no safe blood lead level in children has been
identified. It is increasingly important for continued childhood lead poisoning prevention education and
awareness.
Lead-contaminated water, soil, and paint are potential sources of children's lead exposure. Dust from
deteriorating lead-based paint is considered to be the largest contributor to the lead problem. Until the
1950s, many homes were covered inside and out with leaded paints. Lead began to fall from favor in the
1950s but was still commonly used until it was banned from use in homes after 1977. Because of the
long-term use of lead-based paints, many homes in the United States contain paint surfaces that are
now peeling, chalking, flaking, or wearing away. The dust or paint chips contain high levels of lead that
easily find ways into the mouths of young children. A particular problem has emerged due to a large
number of homes with lead-based paints, which are now undergoing renovations. Often the dust
created by this work has high lead levels, which are readily absorbed by the children's developing
bodies.
The City of Yakima housing rehabilitation program will continue during this CP cycle. By providing
emergency rehabilitation assistance to eligible Yakima residents, the city will support housing stock
preservation for vulnerable households. Yakima staff manage rehabilitation internally, with qualified
staff, to rehab pre-1978 homes as part of this project. The city and any needed contractors will utilize
the LSHR Toolkit forms and guidance to ensure all lead hazards related to rehabilitation are properly
addressed. This project will assist in addressing lead hazards in homes assisted. The city will also share
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lead hazard information with applicants, including those on any wait list or households not
subsequently enrolled in the project.
How are the actions listed above related to the extent of lead poisoning and hazards?
The above actions are taken to ensure that homeowners receiving assistance with CDBG-funded housing
rehabilitation are protected from exposure to lead hazards.
How are the actions listed above integrated into housing policies and procedures?
The City is required to comply with HUD lead-safe housing rule (LSHR). Additionally, the City has lead-
based paint policies and procedures that outline compliance with LSHR.
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SP-70 Anti-Poverty Strategy – 91.215(j)
Jurisdiction Goals, Programs and Policies for reducing the number of Poverty-Level Families
The City of Yakima continues to collaborate with key local public and private agencies in developing a
unified vision for area economic development, guiding and coordinating local actions that promote or
expand living-wage job opportunities. By continuing to take action, when possible, to promote activities
that support increased self-sufficiency through stable housing and public services, and providing a more
suitable physical environment, the city helps address poverty in our area.
How are the Jurisdiction poverty reducing goals, programs, and policies coordinated with this
affordable housing plan
The goals and strategies outlined in the Consolidated Plan for CDBG and HOME funding, which primarily
address housing and human services, most often directly address these poverty issues. Yakima funding
(CDBG and general fund) supports multiple public and human service programs, including transitional
living, services for the mentally ill, and CDBG and HOME funding for permanent and transitional housing
development, as well as housing rehabilitation. All of these initiatives align with the goals and strategies
of reducing poverty.
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SP-80 Monitoring – 91.230
Describe the standards and procedures that the jurisdiction will use to monitor activities
carried out in furtherance of the plan and will use to ensure long-term compliance with
requirements of the programs involved, including minority business outreach and the
comprehensive planning requirements
Yakima staff will work closely with HUD to ensure that all statutory requirements are met and that the
information reported in the City's CAPER is accurate and complete. Additionally, city staff will
participate in regular online and on-site HUD training, when available.
Monitoring is an ongoing, two-way communication process between the city and recipients. The goal
of monitoring is to encourage the completion of projects within the contract period while ensuring that
project objectives are met. Successful monitoring involves frequent telephone contacts, written
communications, analysis of reports and audits, and periodic meetings.
Monitoring is the principal means by which the city:
• Ensures that HUD-funded programs and technical areas are carried out efficiently, effectively,
and in compliance with applicable laws and regulations
• Assists subrecipients in improving their performance, developing or increasing capacity, and
augmenting their management and technical skills
• Stays abreast of the efficacy and technical areas of HUD CDBG and HOME programs.
• Documents the effectiveness of programs administered by the subrecipients.
The city performs a risk assessment of subrecipients to identify which subrecipients require
comprehensive monitoring. High-risk subrecipients include those that are:
• New to the CDBG and/or HOME programs;
• Experience turnover in key staff positions or change in goals or directions;
• Encountering complaints and/or bad press;
• Previous compliance or performance problems including failure to meet schedules, submit
timely reports, or clear monitoring or audit findings;
• Carrying out high-risk activities (economic development, job creation, etc.);
• Undertaking multiple CDBG or HOME-funded activities for the first time
The City and CDBG and HOME subrecipients are held accountable to program goals through a range of
monitoring and timeliness activities.
Monitoring Visits: The city will conduct an annual visit or desk monitoring of all subrecipients. On-site
visits may include an on-site interview, inspection of financial and client records relating to the CDBG or
HOME funding provided, evaluation of the subrecipient's performance, analysis of the strengths and
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weaknesses of the program, assurance that activities comply with the Action Plan, and a report by the
subrecipients of any needs, such as technical assistance or areas for program enhancement.
Evaluating Performance: Performance is measured against the goals identified in the initial CDBG or
HOME subrecipient agreement. During the annual monitoring visit, the subrecipient has an opportunity
to explain how goals and objectives for the year were achieved or why their goals were not reached. A
follow-up letter to each subrecipient concludes the annual monitoring visit process. The letter
summarizes the findings of the visit, and a copy is kept on file for reference.
Financial Management: Financial management oversight activities are also conducted each time a
subrecipient requests reimbursement. City staff will verify that the subrecipient has started their
program and is progressing toward their goals before approving a reimbursement
request. Subrecipients also must submit the appropriate documentation to be reimbursed.
Data Management: The City will update the program and financial information in the Integrated
Disbursement and Information System (IDIS) regularly to meet HUD's Timeliness requirements. The city
will obtain program information from the monthly or quarterly reports received from the CDBG and/or
HOME subrecipients.
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Expected Resources
AP-15 Expected Resources – 91.220(c)(1,2)
Introduction
The City of Yakima prioritized goals and objectives for using CDBG and HOME funding to strategically and effectively benefit low- and moderate-
income residents by increasing decent housing, creating a suitable living environment, and expanding opportunities.
The City of Yakima follows HUD guidelines and limits public services to no more than 15% and administration to 20% of the annual entitlement.
Anticipated Resources
Program Source
of
Funds
Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected
Amount
Available
Remainder of
ConPlan
$
Narrative Description
Annual
Allocation: $
Program
Income: $
Prior Year
Resources: $
Total:
$
CDBG public -
federal
Acquisition
Admin and
Planning
Economic
Development
Housing
Public
Improvements
Public Services 1,023,311.00 20,000.00 1,440,000.00 2,483,311.00 4,093,244.00
Formula grants for housing
and community
development activities.
Beneficiaries must have
low- or moderate-income
(up to 80% AMI), or reside
in a low/moderate-income
neighborhood.
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Program Source
of
Funds
Uses of Funds Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected
Amount
Available
Remainder of
ConPlan
$
Narrative Description
Annual
Allocation: $
Program
Income: $
Prior Year
Resources: $
Total:
$
HOME public -
federal
Acquisition
Homebuyer
assistance
Homeowner
rehab
Multifamily
rental new
construction
Multifamily
rental rehab
New
construction for
ownership
TBRA 502,272.76 50,000.00 497,000.00 1,049,272.76 2,009,088.00
Formula grants to
implement local housing
strategies. Tenants served
must be below 60% AMI;
homeownership activities
for households up to 80%
AMI. Requires 25% non-
federal matching funds.
Table 53 - Expected Resources – Priority Table
Explain how federal funds will leverage those additional resources (private, state and local funds), including a description of how
matching requirements will be satisfied
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Notice CPD-97-03: HOME Program Match Guidance provides guidance on identifying
eligible sources of match, calculating the value of matching contributions, determining the point at which a contribution may be recognized as
match, and tracking matching obligations and contributions.
Projects with firm financial commitments, including leveraged dollars, will have priority over those with pending, tentative, or speculative
commitments.
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If appropriate, describe publicly owned land or property located within the jurisdiction that
may be used to address the needs identified in the plan
Publicly owned lands have not yet been identified to help address the needs of this plan. Yakima will
continue to explore opportunities to access viable public lands whenever possible, helping to address
critical needs identified in this 5-year Consolidated Plan.
Discussion
The City of Yakima assists subrecipients and developers in applying for other available funds and
leveraging resources to implement community development and housing activities. The limited city
HOME funds regularly provide gap financing for projects awarded Low-Income Housing Tax Credit or
other federal and state funding to support affordable housing. Opportunities to leverage federal funds
are explored with each proposed activity. Additional points will be awarded during application scoring to
proposals that have identified match resources.
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Annual Goals and Objectives
AP-20 Annual Goals and Objectives
Goals Summary Information
Sort
Order
Goal Name Start
Year
End
Year
Category Geographic
Area
Needs Addressed Funding Goal Outcome Indicator
1 Administration and
Planning
2025 2029 Affordable
Housing
Public Housing
Homeless
Non-Homeless
Special Needs
Non-Housing
Community
Development
Yakima
Citywide
Provide Decent
Housing
Create A Suitable
Living
Environment
Expand
Opportunities for
LMI Persons
CDBG:
$204,662.00
HOME:
$50,227.00
Other: 1 Other
2 Housing 2025 2029 Affordable
Housing
Yakima
Citywide
Provide Decent
Housing
Create A Suitable
Living
Environment
Expand
Opportunities for
LMI Persons
CDBG:
$1,978,649.00
HOME:
$999,045.76
Rental units constructed: 2
Household Housing Unit
Homeowner Housing Added: 1
Household Housing Unit
Homeowner Housing
Rehabilitated: 30 Household
Housing Unit
Direct Financial Assistance to
Homebuyers: 3 Households
Assisted
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Sort
Order
Goal Name Start
Year
End
Year
Category Geographic
Area
Needs Addressed Funding Goal Outcome Indicator
3 Public Services 2025 2029 Affordable
Housing
Public Housing
Homeless
Non-Homeless
Special Needs
Non-Housing
Community
Development
Yakima
Citywide
Create A Suitable
Living
Environment
Expand
Opportunities for
LMI Persons
CDBG:
$150,000.00
Public service activities other
than Low/Moderate Income
Housing Benefit: 75 Persons
Assisted
4 Neighborhood
Improvements and
Public Facilities
2025 2029 Homeless
Non-Homeless
Special Needs
Non-Housing
Community
Development
Yakima
Citywide
Create A Suitable
Living
Environment
Expand
Opportunities for
LMI Persons
CDBG:
$150,000.00
Public Facility or Infrastructure
Activities other than
Low/Moderate Income
Housing Benefit: 150 Persons
Assisted
Table 54 – Goals Summary
Goal Descriptions
1 Goal Name Administration and Planning
Goal Description
2 Goal Name Housing
Goal Description
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3 Goal Name Public Services
Goal Description
4 Goal Name Neighborhood Improvements and Public Facilities
Goal Description
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Projects
AP-35 Projects – 91.220(d)
Introduction
Staff first reviews applications to ensure they meet all federal program requirements before evaluating
them for selection and funding.
A risk analysis is completed for each activity prior to funding.
Projects
# Project Name
1 2025 Administration and Planning
2 2025 HOME Housing Development/Preservation and CHDO Set-Aside
3 2025 CDBG Housing Rehabilitation and Preservation
4 2025 Public Services
5 2025 Neighborhood Improvements and Public Facilities
Table 55 – Project Information
Describe the reasons for allocation priorities and any obstacles to addressing underserved
needs
Federal CDBG funds are intended to provide low-and moderate-income households with viable
communities, including decent housing, a suitable living environment, and extended economic
opportunities. Eligible activities include housing rehabilitation and preservation, homeownership
opportunities, public services, community infrastructure improvements, planning, and administration.
The system for establishing the priority for the selection of these projects is predicated upon the
following criteria:
• Meeting the statutory requirements of the CDBG and HOME programs
• Meeting the needs of low- and moderate-income residents
• Coordination and leveraging of resources
• Response to expressed community needs
• Sustainability and/or long-term impact, and
• The ability to demonstrate measurable progress and success.
The primary obstacles to meeting underserved needs are the limited resources available to address
identified priorities. When feasible, the City of Yakima will partner with other public agencies and
nonprofit organizations to leverage resources and maximize outcomes in housing and community
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development. In the end, however, the need far exceeds the funding available from all sources
combined
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AP-38 Project Summary
Project Summary Information
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1 Project Name 2025 Administration and Planning
Target Area Yakima Citywide
Goals Supported Administration and Planning
Needs Addressed Provide Decent Housing
Create A Suitable Living Environment
Expand Opportunities for LMI Persons
Funding CDBG: $204,662.00
HOME: $50,227.00
Description General Administrative funds will pay reasonable program administrative
costs and carrying charges related to planning and executing community
development activities. Administering federal funds and ensuring
compliance is critical for utilizing Federal resources. Yakima is committed
to using CDBG and HOME funding for administration to help continue
growing an efficient, effective, and resourceful community development
program. The City of Yakima may have administration and planning
projects that include, but are not limited to: General management,
oversight, and coordination Providing local officials and citizens with
information about the CDBG program Preparing budgets and schedules
Preparing reports and other HUD-required documents Program
planning Public Information Monitoring program activities
Fair Housing activities Submission of applications for Federal
Programs
Target Date 6/30/2026
Estimate the number
and type of families
that will benefit from
the proposed
activities
All residents in Yakima benefit directly or indirectly from the Community
Development Block Grant (CDBG) and HOME Investment Partnership
(HOME) programs.
Location Description Activities will be undertaken citywide.
Planned Activities The city has planned for administrative services which include providing
technical assistance, planning activities, and general administrative
services for PY25. These activities are scheduled to date, and the city may
make changes as needed that fit the description of this project.
2 Project Name 2025 HOME Housing Development/Preservation and CHDO Set-Aside
Target Area Yakima Citywide
Goals Supported Housing
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Needs Addressed Provide Decent Housing
Create A Suitable Living Environment
Expand Opportunities for LMI Persons
Funding HOME: $999,045.76
Description Development of new rental or homeowner housing and preservation of
existing rental housing in the City of Yakima.
Target Date 6/30/2026
Estimate the number
and type of families
that will benefit from
the proposed
activities
It is estimated that 3-4 LMI households will benefit from this project in
PY25.
Location Description Activities may be undertaken citywide.
Planned Activities Rental Construction/Rehabilitation, Homeowner Housing Development,
Homebuyer Assistance, CHDO Operating Funds.
Other eligible activities may be undertaken if funding allows.
3 Project Name 2025 CDBG Housing Rehabilitation and Preservation
Target Area Yakima Citywide
Goals Supported Housing
Needs Addressed Provide Decent Housing
Create A Suitable Living Environment
Funding CDBG: $1,978,649.00
Description CDBG Homeowner housing rehabilitation and preservation will provide
critic rehab support for eligible households.
Target Date 6/30/2026
Estimate the number
and type of families
that will benefit from
the proposed
activities
It is estimated that at least 30 LMI homeowner households will benefit
from this project.
Location Description Activity may be undertaken citywide.
Planned Activities Emergency/Critical eligible home repairs and ramp installation for
seniors/disabled.
Project Name 2025 Public Services
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4 Target Area Yakima Citywide
Goals Supported Public Services
Needs Addressed Create A Suitable Living Environment
Expand Opportunities for LMI Persons
Funding CDBG: $150,000.00
Description Public services are an integral part of a comprehensive community
development strategy. Public Service activities provide a wide range of
activities that address needs in the community, provided for the target
population. Public services can strengthen communities by addressing
the needs of specific populations. They can address various individual
needs and increase CDBG dollars by complementing other activities. The
City of Yakima may allocate up to 15% of CDBG funds to public services
programs that provide supportive services to low- to moderate-income
persons or prevent homelessness. In general, these services are provided
by local non-profit partners. This funding is capped at 15% of the CDBG
entitlement plus program income from the previous year.
Target Date 6/30/2026
Estimate the number
and type of families
that will benefit from
the proposed
activities
It is estimated that over 75 individuals and/or families will benefit from
homeless and other special needs services, referral and direct service,
and other eligible public service resources. Beneficiaries will include LMI
Yakima residents in need of support.
Location Description Activities may be undertaken citywide.
Planned Activities The City of Yakima may allocate up to 15% of CDBG funds to public
services programs that provide supportive services to low- to moderate-
income persons or prevent homelessness. In general, these services are
provided by local non-profit partners. This funding is capped at 15% of
the CDBG entitlement plus program income from the previous year.
All public service activities will serve eligible residents, meet a national
objective, and have a corresponding matrix code.
5 Project Name 2025 Neighborhood Improvements and Public Facilities
Target Area Yakima Citywide
Goals Supported Neighborhood Improvements and Public Facilities
Needs Addressed Create A Suitable Living Environment
Expand Opportunities for LMI Persons
Funding CDBG: $150,000.00
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Description Neighborhood Improvements may support sidewalk and park upgrades
in eligible service areas. Public facilities funding support may fund the
acquisition and renovation of key facilities providing support to LMI City
of Yakima residents. Other eligible activities may be undertaken if
funding allows.
Target Date 6/30/2026
Estimate the number
and type of families
that will benefit from
the proposed
activities
It is estimated that 1500 Yakima residents will benefit from project
activities during PY25.
Location Description Activities may be undertaken citywide.
Planned Activities Sidewalk upgrades are currently planned for PY25.
Other eligible activities may be undertaken, if funding allows
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AP-50 Geographic Distribution – 91.220(f)
Description of the geographic areas of the entitlement (including areas of low-income and
minority concentration) where assistance will be directed
The projects in PY 2025 do not emphasize any one geographic area of Yakima. The city does not have a
singular concentration of low- to moderate-income residents. Funds are generally dispersed out
geographically to have the most significant impact.
While some projects and activities may focus on a low-to-moderate-income area (LMA), they are not
part of a greater neighborhood plan.
Geographic Distribution
Target Area Percentage of Funds
Yakima Citywide 100
Table 56 - Geographic Distribution
Rationale for the priorities for allocating investments geographically
The city did not identify a geographic target area as a basis for funding allocation priorities. Goals and
projects are not limited to a specific area within the city.
Discussion
All projects funded with CDBG and HOME dollars support City of New Yakima residents. The projects
listed in the 2025 Action Plan will benefit low- and moderate-income residents throughout the City of
Yakima.
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Affordable Housing
AP-55 Affordable Housing – 91.220(g)
Introduction
One Year Goals for the Number of Households to be Supported
Homeless
Non-Homeless
Special-Needs
Total
Table 57 - One Year Goals for Affordable Housing by Support Requirement
One Year Goals for the Number of Households Supported Through
Rental Assistance
The Production of New Units
Rehab of Existing Units
Acquisition of Existing Units
Total
Table 58 - One Year Goals for Affordable Housing by Support Type
Discussion
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AP-60 Public Housing – 91.220(h)
Introduction
The Yakima Housing Authority (YHA) works to provide opportunities to people experiencing housing
barriers while honoring their dignity and maintaining public trust.
YHA is building a stronger community through public housing, housing choice vouchers, affordable
housing, and supportive services, serving families, individuals, people with disabilities, and senior
citizens.
Actions planned during the next year to address the needs to public housing
The City of Yakima maintains a close working relationship with YHA staff. We will continue to explore
opportunities for further cooperation and coordination through PY25.
Actions to encourage public housing residents to become more involved in management and
participate in homeownership
The PHA, Yakima Housing Authority (YHA), facilitates a Resident Advisory Board (RAB). The RAB provides
input and review of plans, documents, upcoming YHA projects, and needs of the YHA resident
communities. The board is reflective of the resident community and a vital partner with YHA staff.
YHA offers learning opportunities and programs, and facilitates community offerings to residents and
voucher holders.
If the PHA is designated as troubled, describe the manner in which financial assistance will be
provided or other assistance
N/A
Discussion
The City of Yakima and the Yakima Housing Authority are active partners, consistently working together
to improve outcomes for low-income Yakima residents.
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AP-65 Homeless and Other Special Needs Activities – 91.220(i)
Introduction
Yakima’s homeless and special needs strategy operates in cooperation and coordination with the
regional Continuum of Care framework, directed by Yakima County Homeless Coalition, which serves as
the lead CoC agency for the area.
Supportive housing is an innovative and proven solution to some of the community’s most vulnerable
individuals. It combines affordable housing with services that help individuals facing the most complex
challenges to live with stability, autonomy, and dignity. People in supportive housing live more stable
and productive lives. Residents of supportive housing are linked to intensive case management and
voluntary, life-improving services, such as healthcare, workforce development, and child welfare.
Supportive housing is a type of permanent housing that has no time limit on residency.
Supportive housing improves:
• Housing stability
• Employment
• Mental and physical health
• School attendance
• Engagement with behavioral health services
Several populations of residents in Yakima would benefit from additional supportive housing. These
include elderly persons, persons with disabilities, persons with behavioral health needs, or persons with
HIV/AIDS and their families.
Describe the jurisdictions one-year goals and actions for reducing and ending homelessness
including
Reaching out to homeless persons (especially unsheltered persons) and assessing their
individual needs
The City of Yakima's strategic plan goals include involvement in the Yakima County Continuum of Care
Plan as a city policy. The plan outlines the continuum of programs and services required to move a
family or individual from homelessness to independent living and self-sufficiency. The Continuum of
Care Plan guides the ONDS's use of resources to reduce the number of homeless households by keeping
as many senior and disabled homeowners as possible from becoming displaced through Emergency
Rehabilitation Assistance. The first priority of the Continuum of Care is to maintain existing resources
that serve the needs of the homeless within the community, while the City of Yakima continues to
concentrate of keeping it's Elderly, Frail Elderly and Disabled homeowners within their homes and from
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becoming homeless and adding to the Continuum of Care's burden in assisting the Homeless.
Addressing the emergency shelter and transitional housing needs of homeless persons
The City of Yakima continues to work closely with Yakima Continuum of Care in addressing emergency
shelters and transitional housing needs of homeless persons with technical assistance through its
Planning Department and Office of Neighborhood Development Services.
Involvement in committees and collaborative resource sharing are key components in assisting agencies
and organizations in addressing the transitional housing needs of Yakima residents.
Helping homeless persons (especially chronically homeless individuals and families, families
with children, veterans and their families, and unaccompanied youth) make the transition to
permanent housing and independent living, including shortening the period of time that
individuals and families experience homelessness, facilitating access for homeless individuals
and families to affordable housing units, and preventing individuals and families who were
recently homeless from becoming homeless again
The City of Yakima will continue to invest the limited resources available to support housing
development, including transitional and permanent supportive housing. HOME-ARP funds have been
invested in activities that help secure stable, long term housing solutions for homeless Yakima residents.
ONDS staff will continue to seek opportunities to partner with affordable housing organizations to
support the critical needs of Yakima's homeless. It can be difficult to build our way out of a
homelessness problem. Providing funding to housing that includes supportive services can help bridge
the gap.
Helping low-income individuals and families avoid becoming homeless, especially extremely
low-income individuals and families and those who are: being discharged from publicly
funded institutions and systems of care (such as health care facilities, mental health facilities,
foster care and other youth facilities, and corrections programs and institutions); or, receiving
assistance from public or private agencies that address housing, health, social services,
employment, education, or youth needs
Discharge coordination in Yakima and Yakima County is handled through the CORE (Community-
Oriented Re-Entry) program. CORE is a team approach to re-entry and discharge planning with access to
tenant-based housing assistance and mainstream services throughout the Yakima County Homeless
Service Center.
Yakima County criminal justice, substance abuse and mental health systems have a Crisis Triage Center
to coordinate services for people with mental health and/or substance abuse disorders who tend to
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cycle through the jail and the hospital emergency department. The CORE team members collaborate
with Yakima County Homeless Services Center's rapid exit coordinator and housing specialist to provide
housing solutions.
Washington State Department of Corrections Reentry programs offer various forms of support, including
job training, educational opportunities, substance abuse treatment, and mental health services.
Coordinated Entry is the county-wide intake, prioritization, and referral system used to get resources to
those with the highest need, regardless of where they are. Coordinated Entry takes a "no wrong door"
policy by offering multiple Access Points across the community. Once an individual experiencing
homelessness completes a Coordinated Entry intake at any of the county-wide Access Points, they will
be eligible for services from across a confidential network of providers.
Discussion
Regional Coordination: City of Yakima staff participates, when possible, in monthly CoC planning
meetings, Point-in-Time counts, and coordinated funding strategies. The city's Programs will
complement regional homeless services by providing prevention-focused interventions that reduce
inflow into the homeless system.
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AP-75 Barriers to affordable housing – 91.220(j)
Introduction:
Housing prices continue to rise, severely impacting the availability of affordable housing in the United
States. According to Brian Montgomery, former Federal Housing Administration commissioner and
assistant secretary for housing, constraints on housing not only reduce the supply of affordable housing
but also increase the number of households that are cost-burdened, spending more than 30 percent of
their income on rent.
Land-use policies and zoning regulations constrain the supply of affordable housing. Density limits,
height restrictions, parking requirements, lengthy permitting and approval processes, and community
opposition all contribute to increased housing prices.
Although federal policies play an important role in influencing the availability of affordable housing,
according to Sturtevant, the supply of affordable housing depends less on federal policies than on local
planning practices, policies, and community engagement. Many local planning procedures currently in
place enable community opposition that stalls housing production. Reshaping local regulations allows
jurisdictions to make a lasting impact on the supply of affordable housing.
HUD, PD&R Edge, "Regulatory Barriers and Affordable Housing"
Actions it planned to remove or ameliorate the negative effects of public policies that serve
as barriers to affordable housing such as land use controls, tax policies affecting land, zoning
ordinances, building codes, fees and charges, growth limitations, and policies affecting the
return on residential investment
The City's Zoning Ordinance addresses specific zoning regulations that can assist in creating affordable
housing. The City's Comprehensive Plan recognized the need to expand the supply of affordable
housing units. The city will work to encourage developers to assess opportunities for affordable
housing. Repair and Rehabilitation programs undertaken to support the sustainability of the aging
housing stock in the city, allowing families to stay in their homes and the elderly to age in place.
Discussion:
The City of Yakima seeks to foster an environment of opportunity, innovation, and sustainability in the
housing market by planning for and supporting housing options that help increase opportunities for LMI
residents.
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AP-85 Other Actions – 91.220(k)
Introduction:
The City of Yakima is committed to improving and increasing access to safe and affordable housing for
low- and moderate-income (LMI) residents. Affordable and safe housing helps to provide financial
stability, reduces the chances of a person becoming homeless, and promotes housing sustainability. The
city prioritized goals and objectives for using CDBG and HOME funding to strategically and effectively
benefit low- and moderate-income residents by increasing access to decent housing and creating a
suitable living environment while expanding economic opportunities for LMI persons.
Public services are an integral part of a comprehensive community development strategy. Public Service
activities provide a wide range of activities that address needs in the community provided for the target
population. Public services can strengthen communities by addressing the needs of specific
populations. They can address a range of individual needs and increase CDBG dollars' impact by
complementing other activities.
Public Facility and Neighborhood Improvements will focus on safe and accessible infrastructure essential
to the quality of life and building communities that support stability. The City's CDBG funds are 100%
directed toward activities that assist low- to moderate-income residents.
The City of Yakima is involved in several efforts to address the needs of the underserved and promote
efforts to coordinate the many components related to housing, suitable living environments, and safer
communities.
Actions planned to address obstacles to meeting underserved needs
The primary obstacle to meeting underserved needs is the lack of identified and available resources. To
overcome this obstacle, the City will continue to pursue creative partnerships, both financially and
structurally, to leverage available funds
The City will continue to seek ways to expand its efforts to inform underserved residents about the
financial and informational resources available through the CDBG and HOME programs.
Actions planned to foster and maintain affordable housing
The City of Yakima may utilize CDBG, HOME, and other available funding sources to promote the
development of affordable housing units within the city. Specifically, the CDBG and HOME programs
may provide monetary and non-monetary support for projects that increase the number of housing
units available to low- to moderate-income households and maintain the units' affordability for a
specified period into the future. In partnership with Yakima Housing Authority, additional opportunities
may be available. The City of Yakima supports owner-occupied emergency housing rehabilitation and
may support a homebuyer assistance programs, as well as other activities that enhance life skills to
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promote self-sufficiency.
Actions planned to reduce lead-based paint hazards
The U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development issued Title X in 1992 to protect young
children and families from lead-based paint hazards. The City of Yakima will take steps to ensure its
regulations are in compliance. Program procedures and documents include additional steps for
providing notification, identifying lead hazards, performing lead hazard reduction, using safe work
practices, and achieving clearance.
As part of the environmental review process, all existing housing units that will be repaired or
rehabilitated with HUD funds are screened, unless deemed exempt, for lead paint hazards if built before
1978. Once all work is completed, housing units are then re-evaluated and must pass a lead-based paint
clearance test to ensure the mitigation efforts are effective.
Actions planned to reduce the number of poverty-level families
The City’s plan includes, though is not limited to, these three components:
1. Support activities that increase accessibility, connectivity, and recreational opportunities,
especially for low- to moderate-income residents
2. Ensure that a wide variety of housing opportunities are available
3. Provide supportive services to residents in poverty.
These all support the City’s goal of helping residents and families achieve self-sufficiency. Not all support
will come from CDBG or HOME dollars, as leveraged money may be used for some initiatives,
For those residents who cannot work (low-income frail elderly, persons with disabilities), the City’s
public housing authority and Housing Choice voucher providers are vital for those households to avoid
homelessness.
Actions planned to develop institutional structure
City staff is responsible for developing and monitoring the Consolidated Plan, the Annual Action Plan,
the year-end CAPER report, IDIS reporting process, and sub-recipient compliance monitoring. Staff will
implement the priorities identified in the planning process, with assistance from other departments,
stakeholders, partners, and subrecipients. They will conduct outreach and implementation activities
related to Citizen Participation and Fair Housing.
When applicable and funding allows, City staff will attend relevant CDBG and HOME training to help
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create a broader institutional knowledge base of the CDBG and HOME programs.
Actions planned to enhance coordination between public and private housing and social
service agencies
The City of Yakima will continue actively encouraging coordination between public and private housing
and social service agencies.
Continued efforts will be made to identify opportunities for service providers to expand their services
where needed, while minimizing duplication of efforts.
Private businesses are also encouraged to participate in discussions relative to the housing and social
service provider needs.
Continued coordinated planning efforts with the CoC to address critical needs throughout the area will
be key to addressing the needs of Yakima residents.
Discussion:
The City of Yakima is committed to maintaining a robust, efficient, and compliant program that targets
the needs of the most vulnerable community members.
ITEM TITLE:
BUSINESS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
YAKIMA, WASHINGTON
AGENDA TATEM T
Item No, 9.A.
For Meeting of: August 4, 2025
Resolution adopting the HUD mandated five-year Consolidated Plan
(2025-2029) and the 2025 Annual Action Plan for the City of Yakima
(CDBG/HOME Funds)
SUBMITTED BY: Bill Preston, Community Development Director
SUMMARY EXPLANATION:
As required by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the City of Yakima
must provide two public input meetings on the 2025-2029 Consolidated Plan and the 2025 Annual Action
Plan. Public input meetings took place during the City Council meetings on November 19, 2024, and
August 4, 2025.
The Five Year Consolidated Plan documents the affordable housing and community development needs,
It provides policy guidelines for how CDBG and HOME funds may be used. The 2025 Annual Action
Plan outlines of how the federal funds received (Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and
HOME Funds) will be used within the policy guidelines to address housing and community needs.
The City of Yakima seeks to encourage viable community development by promoting integrated
approaches that provide decent housing, a suitable living environment, and expand economic
opportunities for low- and moderate -income persons. Acceptance of the Five Year Consolidated Plan
and the 2025 Annual Action Plan will allow the City to be in compliance with federal requirements and
utilize allocated federal funds to address housing and community development needs.
ITEM BUDGETED: N/A
STRATEGIC PRIORITY 24-25: An Engaged Yakima
RECOMMENDATION: Adopt Resolution.
ATTACHMENTS:
Resolution HUD 2025-2029 Consolidated Plan and 2025 Annual Action