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Home My WebLink AboutR-2000-115 Yakima County Air Quality Transportation Contingency MeasureRESOLUTION NO. R-2000- 115 A RESOLUTION establishing a joint policy with the Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority for implementation of the Yakima CO Air Quality Transportation Contingency Measure. WHEREAS, the City of Yakima and the Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority have cooperated in the development of the Yakima CO Limited Maintenance Plan for attainment of Carbon Monoxide Air Quality Standards established by the Federal Clean Air Act of 1990; and WHEREAS, the Yakima Valley is subject to winter seasonal temperature inversions which can create poor air quality conditions, sometimes resulting in periods of elevated Carbon Monoxide levels due primarily to vehicle traffic; and WHEREAS, rising CO values during temperature inversions may be reduced by implementation a temporary and alternate signal timing plan, referred to as the "Yakima CO Air Quality Contingency Measure" which reduces vehicle idling on major arterial streets in the Yakima CBD; now, therefore, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF YAKIMA: Section 1: In order to reduce the Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions in the Yakima CO Non -Attainment Area during an air quality advisory period, the City of Yakima agrees to establish an alternate and temporary signal timing plan (herein referred to as the CO Air Quality Contingency Measure) to give priority of traffic flow to the major arterial streets within the CBD core area, while traffic on the less busy side streets is delayed to create better overall system efficiency. Traffic will be held at the signalized intersections on the side streets for a longer period of time, while the main arterial street traffic is allowed to flow more effectively. This alternative plan serves as the Yakima Transportation Contingency Measure (TCM) as required by the Federal Highway Administration and Environmental Protection Agency and by Section 176 (c) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) [42 U.S.C. § 7509]. Conformance of the TCM with the Washington State Implementation Plan (SIP) is required by Chapter 173-420 WAC. Section 2: The Department of Ecology Carbon Monoxide monitoring device will be used to determine when an air quality advisory period is in effect which requires implementation of the TCM. The following thresholds will be used: 1. A Carbon Monoxide (CO) reading of greater than 5.5 parts per million (PPM), averaged over an 8 -hour period until the Yakima CO Limited Maintenance Plan is approved by the Washington Department of Ecology and the Environmental Protection Agency grants attainment status for CO in Yakima; 2. A Carbon Monoxide (CO ) reading of greater than 7.0 parts per million (PPM), averaged over an 8 -hour period after the Environmental Protection Agency grants attainment status for CO in Yakima, Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 1 of 2 Section 3: If the threshold values described in Section 2 above are observed on or after 5:00 PM on a Friday, implementation of the TCM will be deferred 48 hours (until 5:00 PM, Sunday), pending a threshold reading at that time. Section 4: Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority will provide notice to the City of Yakima Department of Public Works that an air quality advisory event is in effect. The Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority will provide public notice that an air quality advisory event is in effect and the CO Air Quality Contingency Measure is in effect for the Yakima CBD. Section 5: The City of Yakima Public Works Department will respond with implementation of the TCM within 4 hours of the notice given by the Clean Air Authority. The TCM will be in effect until air quality conditions are below the threshold values in Section 2 above. ADOPTED BY THE CITY COUNCIL this 19th day of September , 2 000. Xl(d /-9-4164 ary Place, Mayor ATTEST: City Clerk Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 2 of 2 Six South 2nd Street, Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 ak ma Regional Clean Air Authority September 15, 2000 Mr. Chris Waarvick, PE, Director City of Yakima, Department of Public Works 2301 Fruitvale Blvd. Yakima, WA 98902 C509) 574-1410 • Fax: (509) 574-1411 This letter expresses YRCAA Staff endorsement and Board support of the City's proposed CO Air Quality Contingency and Mitigation Measures. These measures are documented in the City report "City of Yakima, WA, Evaluation of Mobile Source Carbon Monoxide Emissions in the Yakima CBD" with the expectation that they will be adopted by YRCAA Board in the "Yakima Carbon Monoxide Limited Maintenance Plan". Authority staff has discussed the proposed measures with EPA, FWHA, and DOE, and all agree that these Measures are viable. The Plan is not completed yet, so the Board cannot take any formal action However, the Board, on September 13, 2000, instructed staff to incorporate these two Measures in the Plan and proceed expeditiously with the adoption process. Along with the Federal Motor Vehicle Emission Standards, the City measures will be the Primary Methods to prevent a future exceedence or violation of the National Ambient Aft Quality Standards for carbon monoxide. Please extend our thanks to Joan Davenport and Gary Christopherson for their work in investigating and developing these measures. They have done a great service for the community and the Authority by demonstrating how it is possible to improve traffic flow through the downtown area and reduce carbon monoxide levels. Sincerely, P%/ Les Ornelas Air Pollution Control Officer cc: Charlie Stansel, YRCAA Planner Joan Davenport, City DPW Don Skone, YVCOG Dale Jensen, DOE Christi Lee, EPA t" Tom Gasseling; YRCAA Board Chair /chasm/wpfiles/planning/sip/maint_plan/Itr_ChrisWaarvick_CO_plan_14sep00 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS 2301 Fruitvale Blvd., Yakima, Washington, 98902 Phone (509)575-6005 www.ctyakima. wa. us September 13, 2000 Subject: Request for Endorsement of CO Air Quality Contingency and Mitigation Measures To: Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority Board The purpose of the public workshop today by the Clean Air Authority Board is to receive preliminary public comment on the draft Yakima Carbon Monoxide Limited Maintenance Plan. This Plan represents many months of cooperative work between the City of Yakima and the staff of the Clean Air Authority. Included in the Limited Maintenance Plan is the "CO Air Quality Contingency Measure" and the "Optimized Intersection Mitigation Measures". Both of these concepts address reduction in Carbon Monoxide vehicle emissions through traffic flow enhancements. The City has studied and modeled the Contingency and Mitigation Measures. The findings of this study are included in the "Evaluation of Mobile Source Carbon Monoxide Emissions in the Yakima CBD" report published in August, 2000 which is identified as Appendix "I" of the draft Yakima CO Limited Maintenance Plan. The Contingency Measure is described in the Plan as Item 5.6 and the Mitigation measures are included as items 5.7 of the body of the Limited Maintenance Plan. The City of Yakima respectfully requests that the Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority authorize a letter of support which states that the Limited Maintenance Plan includes the CO Air Quality Contingency Measure as the only Contingency Measure and the Optimized Intersection Mitigation measures; and further, under the current tentative schedule, Yakima will be eligible to receive "Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality" (CMAQ) funds in January 2001. The City of Yakima intends to apply to the Washington State Department of Transportation "Corridor Congestion Relief Program" to supplement the Yakima Minimum Guarantee Allocation of CMAQ funds which will be available to Yakima County once the Limited Maintenance Plan is submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency. Written support by the YRCAA including commitment of the eligibility of CMAQ funds toward the project is necessary. Thank you for your consideration, Sincerely, Gt_p- La Chris Waarvick Director of Public Works Streets and Traffic Division, Traffic Engineering Services CITY OF YAKIMA, WASHINGTON EVALUATION OF MOBILE SOURCE CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS IN THE YAKIMA CBD Prepared by the City of Yakima, Washington Public Works Department in cooperation with the Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority and Yakima Conference of Governments September 8, 2000 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY This study will present findings related to air quality and traffic flow in the downtown area of Yakima, Washington. Included in this report is an evaluation of the existing conditions and a strategy for improving traffic flow in order to reduce Carbon Monoxide mobile emissions. Additionally, this report will provide the foundation for a Transportation Contingency Measure (TCM) and related Mitigation Measures which may be included in the Yakima Carbon Monoxide Limited Maintenance Plan, required under the Federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. This study includes background information about the weather related conditions which have been documented in association with recorded air quality standard exceedences and violations. However, this study presents recommendations which can result in reduced vehicle emissions of Carbon Monoxide throughout the year and reduce the likelihood of a CO violation during winter temperature inversion conditions. METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION In this study, the PM peak was used for modeling and evaluation purposes. Between May 9 and May 30, 2000 each of the 40 intersections with fixed time traffic signal controllers were studied for turning movements and traffic volumes. Detailed data for turning movements, traffic flow and geometrics for each intersection was entered into the computer software program SYNCHRO 4.0 to construct a model of current conditions. SYNCHRO 4.0 generates an estimate of CO emissions by intersection using a fuel consumption calculation. Fuel consumption is calculated based upon total travel volume, delay, and travel speeds for each intersection phase. Once current traffic conditions were modeled, modifications in the signal timings were tested to determine and quantify resulting air quality improvements. SYNCHRO was used to analyze intersection capacity; coordinate traffic signals, and generate time -space diagrams which report platoon characteristics. The work included in this study represents a calibrated model of actual conditions. The findings used by SYNCHRO with respect to fuel consumption and resulting emissions are based on data from the Federal Highway Administration for average fleet types. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 1 of 24 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF STUDY FINDINGS Existing Conditions: Carbon Monoxide Output At Study Intersections Under current operating conditions a total of 57,632 grams (57.63 Kg) of Carbon Monoxide (CO) are generated by mobile(vehicle) emissions at the study area intersections during the average PM Peak hour. This equals 126.7 pounds of CO emissions during PM peak hour at these 40 intersections (1 Kg = 2.2 pounds). City data indicates that PM peak hour is 8.7% of the total daily average traffic. Given the modeling conditions of the fixed time signals, a total of 1,443.8 pounds of CO are loaded into the air at these 40 intersections on an average day which equates to .72 tons of CO per day. A total of 824 gallons of fuel are used during the PM peak hour by vehicles stopped at these 40 intersections, with an average travel speed of 14 miles per hour. Fuel efficiency is calculated at 9.4 miles JJ..1 gallon duringthese conditions. Proposed CO Air Quality Contingency Measure During a period of rising CO values which reach a defined level, the City of Yakima agrees to implement an alternate signal timing plan which will give priority to traffic flow on the major arterial streets within the CBD Core area, and traffic on the less busy side streets will be delayed, providing maximum efficiency for the busiest streets. The effect on Carbon Monoxide emissions of this CO Air Quality Contingency Measure has been modeled by the City of Yakima. During this limited period of time, the master controller will operate on a 90- second cycle length, rather than the existing 80 -second cycle. Priority will be given to traffic on Yakima Avenue, First Street, Lincoln Avenue, B Street and Walnut. Vehicles on other streets at those intersections will experience longer delay. Air quality will be improved during this CO Air Quality Contingency Measure. Carbon Monoxide emissions will be reduced from the existing 57.6 Kg/ per peak hour to 51.0 Kg/peak hour. Average Travel Speed will improve from 14 to 15 miles per hour and fuel consumption will he reduced from R24 gallons to 726 gallons during peak hour. Fuel efficiency will improve to 10.6 miles per gallon. Optimized Intersection Mitigation Measures Reduction of unnecessary intersection delay and vehicle emissions while idling will improve air quality. The 40 intersections within this study area are closely grouped and can be coordinated effectively to work as a system. A more efficient system would include shorter signal cycles and vehicle detection to allow for actuated or semi -actuated operations. For modeling purposes signal cycle lengths were shortened to 75 seconds. Most of the traffic controllers were modeled as semi -actuated, rather than the current fixed time operation. Optimized timings and offsets for the peak hour were established based upon recommendations from SYNCHRO. Left turn storage and protection were modeled at four intersections. The result of this Optimized Intersection Mitigation was a reduction in Carbon Monoxide emissions from 57.6 to 48.01 KG during average PM Peak hour traffic. This is a reduction in emissions by 16.6% during peak hour. Fuel consumption is reduced from 824 gallons to 687 gallons during peak hour. Average travel speed increases from 14 to 16 miles per hour through the study area. Fuel efficiency improves from 9.4 to 11.2 miles per gallon. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 2 of 24 YAKIMA CARBON MONOXIDE NON -ATTAINMENT AREA The Yakima CO Non -attainment Area is 4102 acres or 6.4 square miles in size. The Area is bounded on the east by I- 82, the west by 16th Avenue, on the south by Mead Avenue and extending into Union Gap to Valley Mall Boulevard and on the north by "G" and "I" Streets. The majority of the mapped area is within the City of Yakima, with a portion also located in the City of Union Gap. The CO Non - attainment Area is less than one percent of the land area of the Yakima MPO and includes the Central Business District of the City of Yakima as well as a portion of downtown Union Gap. Total Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) in the CO Non -attainment Area is 23.8 % of all the Vehicle Travel Miles in Yakima County on Classified Streets. A total of 147 miles of streets are located within the CO Non -attainment area, including 32.4 miles of classified streets, nearly 81 miles of local streets, 34.5 miles of alleys and three freeway interchanges with Interstate 82. The City of Yakima maintains a total of 65 signalized intersections within this area. Of those 65 traffic signals, 17 are fully actuated, 40 operate on fixed time, 5 arterial streets have pedestrian activated school signals and 3 locations have cautionary flashers. VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED IN CO NON -ATTAINMENT AREA The Yakima CO Non -attainment Area includes a total of 147.73 miles of classified arterial streets, local streets, alleys and freeway. Using City of Yakima Geographic Information Systems (ARCView GIS) the following mileage totals were identified. Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) was calculated using segment average traffic counts. Actual 24 hour traffic counts have been field verified and averaged for each street by street classification. Vehicle Miles Traveled is a segment measure of all miles traveled by vehicles and displayed both daily and annually. Traffic counts within the City of Yakima are 24-hour counts taken during weekdays under normal conditions. Table 1 : 1999 Vehicle Miles by Street Class in CO Non Attainment Area Street Class Miles VMT/ Day VMT Annual Principal Arterial 14.66 208,394.39 76,063,951.70 Minor Arterial 7.52 90,011.21 32,854,092.07 Collector Arterial 7.13 48,073.86 17, 546,95 8.80 Local Street 80.80 121,200.06 44,238,020.74 Alley 34.50 6,899.70 2,518,392.16 Freeway 3.12 120,120.00 43,843,800.00 Total 147.73 594,699.22 217,065,215.46 Source: Traffic count data by City of Yakima. Total miles by street class calculated using GIS. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 3 of 24 YAkima flfl Nnn-AttainmPnt Area 1010111 aka Or iti,e11"70 _- 1111:111E111110•111110 Irl I ' IIII AN. ,I�IIIIII 11 ! li �iu��%fit iY t tiM ', sh x-1111 II 11i■■ iiiriu IIIIII a 'a '1 1111 muumuu i 1111111111111 11 1,11111 r:nuwu°t+4;�11NIra l."1111 IIIIN/ !�■t. 11I � 1171111 1"11111111111111llilll id 11 1111 II - 711 m!! 1 m11111111111111 RIM f 111 111 i1 VaMk City of Yakima, Washington Functional Street Class Freeway /Interstate Princip al Arterial (U rban) Minor Arte ria l(Urban) Collector Arterial (Urban) 0 V 1 2 files Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 4 of 24 City of Yakima Traffic Engineering Division 2301 Fruitvale Blvd Yakima, WA 98902 EXISTING TRAVEL SPEED Travel speed is the total time required for a vehicle to travel a street segment including time stopped at intersections. In general, the average travel speed is 68% of the posted speed limit in Yakima. Some Yakima streets had much lower than average travel speeds, including North First Street, Fifth Avenue and Yakima Avenue with an average of 35% of the posted speed limit. The presence of many traffic signals and pedestrians influences the average travel speed. Average travel speed for arterial streets was measured in 1993 for the background data of the Yakima Urban Area Comprehensive Plan, Transportation Element, prepared by Bell -Walker Traffic Engineers (adopted by the Yakima City Council on April 1, 1997). Travel speeds within the CO Non -Attainment area were modeled using SYNCHO and confirmed the 1993 findings. Traffic volumes have increased since 1993 but the travel patterns and signal timings have not changed. Table 2:1999 Characteristics of Streets Within Yakima CO Non -attainment Area STREET NAME AVG ADT SUM LENGTH (ft) MILES VMT STREET CLASS SPEED LIMIT TRAVEL SPEED VHT 16th Ave 22,150.00 13,252.80 2.51 55,596.50 1 35 24 2,316.52 1st St 16.316.67 19,272.00 3.65 59,555.83 1 35 12 4,962.99 6th St 6,800.00 8,397.03 1.59 10,814.36 1 30 20 540.72 7th St 2,300.00 970.36 0.18 422.70 1 30 20 21.13 B St 8.891.67 6,041.57 1.14 10,174.17 1 30 20 508.71 FRUITVALE 8,850.00 523.19 0.10 876.94 1 35 24 36.54 LINCOLN 11,042.86 8,620.24 1.63 18,028.80 1 30 19 948.88 NOB HILL 21,475.00 8,099.55 1.53 32,942.78 1 30 20 1,647.14 PIERCE 5,000.00 1,294.03 0.25 1,225.41 1 30 20 61.27 SUMMITVIEW 13,450.00 3,035.76 0.57 7,733.14 1 30 20 386.66 WALNUT 9,516.67 6,116.17 1.16 11.023.77 1 30 20 551.19 5th St 11,112.50 8,225.90 1.56 17,312.57 2 30 20 865.63 DIVISION 3,600.00 655.46 0.12 446.90 2 25 17 26.29 MEAD 6,476.67 14,836.80 2.81 18.199 43 2 35 24 758.31 TIETON 12,500.00 1,975.14 0.37 4,675.99 2 30 20 233.80 WASHINGTON 17.600 00 379.06 0.91 16,016.00 2 35 24 667.33 Valley Mall Blvd 13,900.00 1,795.20 0.34 4,726.00 1 35 24 196.92 YAKIMA 16,387.50 9,225.88 1.75 28,634.31 2 30 11 2,603.12 3rd Ave 8,170.00 16,661.68 3.16 25,781.43 3 30 20 1,289.07 8th St 6,540.00 4,329.13 0.82 5.362.22 3 30 20 268.11 CHESTNUT 1,500 00 1,706.57 0.32 484.82 3 25 17 28.52 FAIR 8,250.00 9,504.12 1.80 14,850.00 3 30 20 742.50 VIOLA 1,550.00 5,434.62 1.03 1,595.39 3 25 17 93.85 LOCAL STREETS 1,500.00 426,624.20 80.80 121,200 06 4 25 17 7,129.42 ALLEYS 200.00 182,152.20 34.50 6,899.70 5 15 10 689.97 FREEWAY 38,500.00 16,473.00 3.12 120,120.00 6 60 55 2,184.00 TOTAL 273,579.52 775,601.67 147.73 594,699.22 29,758.58 Source: SYNCHRO and City of Yakima Transportation Plan (1993 data) for travel speeds, City of Yakima Traffic counts and City of Yakima GIS, 2000. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 5 of 24 EMISSION INVENTORIES Pollutant emissions are classified into four components: point sources, area emissions, non -road mobile, and mobile emission sources. A 1996 Carbon Monoxide (CO) emission inventory was conducted for the Yakima Non Attainment Area with the following findings. • Point sources are stationary sources emitting CO at or above a standard cut-off level. There are no point sources in the Yakima non -attainment area. Boise Cascade lumber mill is located outside of the Co non -attainment area and therefor not studied in this report. • Area emissions include wood stoves, fireplaces and inserts, petrofuel combustion and outdoor burning. Area emissions contributed 6% of the total CO reported in 1996. • Non -road mobile emissions include train locomotives, aircraft, construction, industrial and farm equipment, and lawn or garden (lawnmowers, snow -blowers) emissions. In Yakima, Non -road mobile emissions are reported at 9% of the total CO emissions. • Mobile emissions include cars, trucks buses and motorcycles. In the Yakima CO Non -attainment area contribute 85% of the total Carbon Monoxide. CO Emissions in Yakima Nonattainment Area 16000-1 140001 1200°- 100007 2000-10000, 8000-1 6000- 4000-1 2000- 0J ®Tons/Year Area Nonroad Mobile Mobile 1996 CO Emission Inventory as reported by the Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 6 of 24 Table 3: Summary of 1996 Source Category ( Point Area Emission Non -road Mobile Subtotal Mobile CO Emissions for the Yakima Non -attainment Area Annual Typical Winter Day Tons/Yr) (% Total) (Tons/Day) (% Total) 0 0.0 996 1,378 2,373 14,325 6.0% 8.2% 14.2 85.8% 0 0.0 NA NA NA NA 15 27.8% 39 72.2% TOTAL 16,698 100% 54 (100%) [Data Source: Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority. 1996 Emission Inventory] WEATHER CONDITIONS Weather conditions in Yakima have a direct influence on air quality. Since 1979 the Yakima Urban Area has experienced a total of 24 recorded events when the Carbon Monoxide (CO) levels were reported as exceeding or near the maximum CO National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The events and weather conditions during those days are listed below. The recorded events measure an average of the previous 8 -hour period of conditions. Table 4 : CO Events and Weather Conditions Date Weekday Event time CO (ppm) Max temp Min temp Dew- point %Hu- midity wind speed (knots) Cloud Cover Cloud Elev. Condition Visi- bility (mi.) Temp range 12/20/79 Thursday 1700 10 38 23 35 92 5 ovc 3900 Fog 3 9 12/21/79 Friday 1500 11 40 32 38 96 7 ovc 8000 Fog 2 8 1/14/80 Monday 2300 10 40 21 22 88 0 clr unl rain,snow 5 19 12/16/81 Wednesday 1800 10 32 25 7 77 5 pc 25000 Fog 1 7 12/21/81 Monday 100 10 48 42 10 77 8 clr unl Fog 10 6 1/13/82 Wednesday 1200 10 27 10 18 81 0 ovc 13000 Fog 0.25 17 1/13/82 Wednesday 2000 12 27 10 16 52 5 pc unl Fog 0.5 17 1/14/82 Thursday 400 11 49 12 32 92 17 clr unl Fog 1 37 1/4/83 Tuesday 1800 10 36 23 24 89 0 ovc 1200 rain 0.12 13 12/14/83 Wednesday 1300 11 37 24 32 89 0 ovc 7000 Fog 0.75 13 1/4/84 Wednesday 1000 15 43 27 27 89 3 ovc 12000 Fog 0.5 16 1/4/84 Wednesday 1800 16 43 27 34 83 5 pc unl Fog 0.5 16 1/5/84 Thursday 1400 13 44 33 36 89 3 ovc 9000 Fog 4 11 1/5/84 Thursday 2300 13 44 33 32 89 5 clr unl Fog 2 11 12/10/84 Monday 1800 12 35 19 11 68 7 clr unl Fog 10 16 12/4/85 Wednesday 100 11 37 20 26 92 7 ovc 10000 fog, rain 5 17 12/4/85 Wednesday 1800 10 37 20 24 85 9 ovc 20000 fog, rain 15 17 12/24/86 Wednesday 1900 10 41 19 22 96 6 clr unl 7 22 12/19/91 Thursday 1800 11.6 33 15 26 89 7 ovc 10000 Fog 6 18 12/21/92 Monday 1900 9.6 29 9 18 96 0 pc 20000 5 20 1/18/94 Tuesday 1800 9 4 42 27 30 92 7 pc unl 10 15 2/7/96 Wednesday 1400 12 38 34 37 100 3 ovc 2500 rain, fog 0.25 4 2/7/96 Wednesday 2200 10.5 38 34 36 100 6 ovc 500 rain, fog 2 4 1/10/97 Friday 1800 9.4 41 32 28 89 0 clr unl 7 9 Average 38.3 23.8 25.9 87.1 4.8 5920.8 4.1 14.3 Ken Kohagan, National Weather Service Climatological Observer for Yakima (4-26-2000) Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 7 of 24 All of the identified air quality exception events took place between the months of December and February. All 24 events occurred during weekdays and no events were reported on weekends with 11 occurring (46%) between the hours of 5 PM and 7 PM during the PM peak rush hour for traffic. Another 5 events (21%) occurred between 8 PM and midnight. The remaining 8 events (33%) occurred between midnight and 5 PM. Air quality monitor readings report an 8 -hour average. Weather conditions during these 24 events also showed strong similarities and were characterized by temperature inversions. The average maximum temperature was 38.3 degrees with only four of the 24 days reporting maximum temperature below freezing (32 degrees F). Low temperatures averaged 23.8 degrees F. The temperature range between high and low was very narrow with an average of only a 14 degree difference. Fog was observed on most of the days with reported events. The average dewpoint was 25.9 degrees with high (87%) relative humidity. Wind speeds low non-existent and Wind were low to tSllil visibility was generally poor and limited. Cloud elevations varied widely but averaged near 6,000 feet above the surface. Barometric pressure averaged 30.16 during these events. The temperature inversion is caused by a high pressure system which overlies the valley and holds the cooler air at ground level. With low wind speeds, the fog becomes trapped and will not dissipate. When these conditions occur, ground level air including fog and pollution, cannot mix with the air at higher elevations. Air quality may be compromised during these weather conditions, especially if it persist for several days. In summary, critical air quality in Yakima is closely related to the occasional periods of short duration temperature inversions during winter months. This study does not include any special strategies for dealing with cold weather vehicle starts or other weather related conditions. Through traffic flow enhancements, air quality can be improved during the entire year including the critical winter months. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 8 of 24 VEHICLE EMISSIONS MODELING The City of Yakima conducted a comparative model of air quality using SYNCHRO 4.0, a software program used by municipal agencies to simulate and test traffic signal timing plans. SYNCHRO implements the methodologies of the 1997 Highway Capacity Manual for performing the industry standard evaluation of intersection performance, including signal delay, optimization, capacity analysis and progression. Actual site-specific data is required for each of the signalized intersections and street links in order to build the SYNCHRO model. Base level data represents a calibrated model with data collected in May of 2000 including street geometrics, traffic volumes and turning movements for each intersection during PM peak hour traffic. Vehicle emissions are modeled by SYNCHRO as a result of cumulative fuel consumed per hour by all traffic movements at each study intersection. The fuel consumption calculation is based on the following. • Total signal delay in seconds • Travel speed in miles per hour • Total vehicle miles traveled • Total stops in vehicles per hour • Default formulas for fuel consumption used in TRANSYT 7-F. Emission calculations are a factor of fuel consumption based on a rate of emission in grams per gallon of gasoline used. The fleet mixture includes a standard default of 2% heavy vehicles as noted in the 1997 Highway Capacity Manual for average modeling. The rate used to determine the Carbon Monoxide Emission within the SYNCHO 4.0 model is CO= F * 69.9grams/gal =Carbon Monoxide Emission (g) Where F= fuel consumption in gallons of all vehicles in the intersection during PM peak hour. This rate was supplied by the Federal Highway Administration based upon information from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Once the current conditions were modeled using calibrated data additional scenarios were analyzed in SYNCHRO. Comparisons of relative data provided a means to evaluate the performance of each scenario. The premise of this study was to reduce unnecessary vehicle delay and improve vehicle speed through signal optimization which in turn yields a reduction in Carbon Monoxide emissions. The SYNCHRO model provides excellent and well—documented results for each intersection. Taken as a system of 40 related signals, the entire study area was evaluated for performance. Other air quality studies may rely on modeling of the dispersion of Carbon Monoxide such as with the CAL1NE-4 Dispersion Model. The Yakima County Conference of Governments (Yakima MPO) uses MOBILE5B (an EPA software model) to evaluate air quality results of planned construction projects in the Regional Transportation Plan and annual updates. MOBILE5B is a good tool for generalizing air quality for a region. However, the lack of detailed inputs for MOBILE5B limits the application for sub- area analysis. SYNCHRO is an ideal software model to evaluate a sub -area with 40 signals such as the Yakima CBD. This study does not attempt to relate vehicle generated emissions (or reduction in emissions) to air quality samples measured by pollutant levels in parts per million, nor is dispersion of Carbon Monoxide modeled in this study. This study reveals that traffic flow enhancements within the Yakima CBD can significantly reduce the relative value of CO emissions and improve air quality. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 9 of 24 EXISTING CONDITIONS CONGESTION TN TAF V � A "VW A CBD i 11�S1 �...11l! The Yakima CBD is a fully developed area which includes a broad and intense mixture of commercial, industrial, governmental uses and recreational activities. Yakima County and the City of Yakima as well as numerous State agencies operate government, legal, and court services within the Yakima CBD. Pedestrian activity within the CBD is very prevalent. The Yakima CBD is bisected by two Principal Arterial Streets: the first is Yakima Avenue, which runs east to west; and secondly, First Street, a north to south arterial street. Yakima Avenue has 15 traffic signals within 1.17 miles of the CBD spaced approximately 400 feet apart. First Street has 7 traffic signals in less than one mile, spaced 500 feet apart. Both Yakima Avenue and First Street carry a daily traffic volumes over 17,000 within the Yakima CBD. Average Travel Speeds are less than 12 miles per hour due to the repeated delay created by the signalized intersections. Yakima CBD Existing Traffic Signals JLnr- Yakima CBD Controller Model • LC -40 • LMD-40 • LMD-8000 • SP -'o • FLASH ER 02 0 4 Miles AN City of Yakima Traffic Engineering 2301 Fruitvale Boulevard Yakima, WA 98902 A total of 40 fixed time controlled intersections are located within the City of Yakima Central Business District. The signal controller types are a mixture of 18 LMD-40 units and 22 LC -40 units. A single Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 10 of 24 master controller operates the 40 signals on an 80 second cycle and a single split with one offset which is manually selected at the masters and not subject to change. Signal operation remains in the 80 - second fixed -time cycle from 6 AM to 10 PM when most of the signals are in a flash mode except the major arterial street intersections. Due to its age, the master controller for the CBD system cannot support optimization with vehicle actuation. During off-peak periods of time the signal continues to operate on the 80 -second cycle regardless of the presence of traffic. Many of the fixed time controlled intersections have a long green phase because of required minimum pedestrian crossing period which is included in every signal cycle regardless of the presence of pedestrians. Traffic Volume counts for the classified streets were reviewed for the non -attainment area. The 24-hour volume counts revealed that the AM peak traffic is spread out over several hours. No single hour can be identified as the AM peak. The noon peak hour is very pronounced in the Yakima CBD and generally accounts for 8-9% of the total daily traffic. PM peak hour in the Yakima CBD generally begins at 5 PM and is approximately 9% of the total volume. However, the three heaviest traffic periods are the hours between 3 and 6 PM. LEVEL OF SERVICE AND VEHICLE DELAYS The Level of Service (LOS) concept rates intersections into 6 levels which relate to operational conditions. The six levels rate intersections from A to F with LOS A representing the highest performance. Each letter designation is associated with delay in seconds at the intersection: A= <5.0 seconds, B = 5.1 to 15.0 seconds, C = 15.1 to 25 seconds, D = 25.1 to 40 seconds, E = 40.1 to 60 seconds, F=>60 seconds. Current Level of Service was calculated by SYNCHRO at the 40 signalized study intersections. Level of Service for most intersections was LOS A and LOS B. Four intersections on First Street operate at LOS C, both of the 6th Street intersections operate at LOS C while the Yakima Avenue / 8th Street intersection operates at LOS D. The Yakima /7th Avenue intersection does not model well and is calculated at LOS E. The south leg of 7th Avenue has only 2 lanes, while the north leg represents the combined intersection of both Summitview and 7th Avenue and has 5 lanes. Level of Service calculations by SYNCHRO use the standard formulas of the Highway Capacity Manual which factor delay per vehicle at the intersection. Delay is calculated as an average for each vehicle by signal phase. In the Yakima CBD a few intersections have left turn protection and almost all intersections operate with a four phase cycle. Intersection delay in the Yakima CBD ranges from 3 seconds to 67 seconds depending on location. First Street averages over 20 seconds delay for each vehicle along the corridor in the study area. Average intersection delay is a concept articulated in the Highway Capacity Manual which provides an estimate of the average stopped delay per vehicle for each lane group. The delay per vehicle is the sum of two items: the delay which would result from the uniform arrival of vehicles over the course of a signal cycle; and, the tendency for occasional overflow which occurs as a result of random arrivals. Factors which are used to compute this delay include traffic volumes, queue discharge rate, length of red/green signal phases, vehicle flow rates, length of storage at the intersection and left turn protection. It is common for the various lane groups within an intersection to have different lengths of delay. The average intersection delay represents the mathematical average of the various lane directions. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 11 of 24 <t> > D st. ®A® m Lincoln B A A--- g--- 8 I I I III Lincoln B St. ....43,---,A.---A.--.—.0......g.—..A• ED 0] ` L m > > A St. m to d aC Q 1 o—G—A--B z I ID coNJe. g®A®B—A—A��B—C—B—B—AA E�A� 1 I 1 hestut 1 _! _i 1 1 N i r 1 1 i v- { it 1 Walnut i 1 1 i —B g B—C.A®A i N Existing Intersection Level of Service. PM Peak Hour Conditions. Average Delays SYNCHRO 4.0 Yakima EXISTING CARBON MONOXIDE OUTPUT AT STUDY INTERSECTIONS As modeled by SYNCHRO, a total of 57,632 grams (57.63 Kg) of Carbon Monoxide are currently generated by mobile emissions at the study area intersections during the average PM peak. Converted to pounds, this equals 126.7 pounds of CO emissions during the PM Peak hour at these 40 intersections (1 Kg = 2.2 pounds). Over the entire average day, given the modeling conditions of the existing fixed time signals_ a total of 1,443,8 pounds of CO are loaded into the air at these 40 intersections which equates to .72 tons of CO per day. A total of 824 gallons of fuel are used during the PM peak hour by vehicles stopped at these 40 intersections, with an average travel speed of 14 miles per hour. Fuel efficiency is calculated at 9.4 miles per gallon during these conditions. Refer to page 21 for a representative map of existing CO emissions. Values for each intersection are listed on page 19 in Table 5. The proximity and number of signalized intersections in the Yakima CBD concentrates the CO loading along Yakima Avenue, First Street and Walnut Street. These three corridors carry heavy traffic volumes which experience repeated delay within the Yakima CBD. The fixed time signals maintain the same cycle length between the hours of 6:OOAM and 10:OOPM, regardless of the presence of vehicles or pedestrians. Consequently, vehicles experience delay often when no other traffic is served by the signal. The Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority, in cooperation with the Department of Ecology and the Environmental Protection Agency maintain a CO air quality monitor in the Yakima CBD on the west side of the County Courthouse, at First Street and B Street. The air quality monitor reports background air quality samples for an 8 -hour period of CO in parts per million (ppm). When winter weather conditions are conducive to air quality problems, the existing CO emission level may create a CO Violation. A reduction in CO emissions will reduce the probability of such an event. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 12 of 24 CO AIR QUALITY CONTINGENCY MEASURE Existing fixed time intersection controllers within the Yakima CBD have limitations regarding their responsiveness to actual traffic conditions. However, if air quality conditions approach a threshold, as determined by the Department of Ecology CO monitoring device, the City of Yakima will implement an alternate signal timing plan to address air quality by reducing CO emissions. This CO Air Quality Contingency Measure can be accomplished within a short response time using existing equipment. During a period of rising CO values, the City of Yakima agrees to establish an alternate signal timing plan which will give priority of traffic flow to the major arterial streets within the CBD Core area, while traffic on the less busy side streets will be delayed to create better overall system efficiency. In effect, traffic will be held at the signalized intersections on the side streets for a longer period of time, while the main arterial streets is allowed to flow more effectively. This alternative signal timing plan serves as the Yakima Transportation Contingency Measure* (TCM) as required by the Federal Highway Administration and Environmental Protection Agency and by the Clean Air Act (CAA) [42 U.S.C. §7509 Section 176 (c)]. Implementation of the TCM is governed by an inter -local agreement between the City of Yakima, the Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority and the MPO. This TCM will be added to the State Implementation Plan (SIP). A copy of the draft TCM including protocol for implementation is included in the appendix portion of this report. The effect on Carbon Monoxide emissions of this Air Quality Contingency Measure has been modeled by the City of Yakima. During the alternative signal timing plan, the master controller will operate on a 90 -second fixed time cycle, rather than the existing 80 -second cycle. Also, priority will be given to traffic on Yakima Avenue, First Street, Lincoln Avenue, B Street and Walnut. Vehicles on the approaches of other streets at those intersections will experience longer delay. Air quality will be improved during this CO Air Quality Contingency Measure. Carbon Monoxide emissions will be reduced from the existing 57.6 Kg/ per peak hour to 51.0 Kg/peak hour. Average Travel Speed will improve from 14 to 15 miles per hour. Fuel consumption will be reduced from 824 gallons to 726 gallons during peak hour. Fuel efficiency will improve to 10.6 miles per gallon. These improvements represent an 11.6% reduction in CO emissions and improved intersection performance. This TCM has several advantages. It is relatively quick to implement and will immediately change traffic flow patterns thereby reducing CO emissions in the CBD during peak traffic periods. The City has tested the master controller and established the ability to implement the Contingency Plan. However, if the alternative signal plan is left in effect for an extended period of time traffic patterns will adjust to maximize the reduced delay conditions on the arterial streets. Although the signal cycle length is only 10 seconds greater, the directional splits of the "green -time" are altered at each intersection to favor progression along the major arterial streets. In some cases the directional splits have been increased by up to 50%. During the Contingency measure, traffic on the side streets are given a shorter period to enter the intersection. Progression along these streets is also hindered. In some cases, not all the vehicles in the queues on the side streets will be able to clear the intersection during a signal cycle. Pedestrians must also wait for up to a 30 to 35 second delay to cross a major street in some cases. As traffic volumes shift to the arterial streets, the reduction in CO and delay will diminish. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 13 of 24 Lincoln II —A� Bst. 1 1 —B B A Q Q t r m —ESA--B—A--�A�A�A II I I Q I Ches I � I I Walnut d I L Lincoln B St. I 1 ASL ut Air l ualiiy Contingency Measure, 90 -second signal cycle �.....�.� SYNCHRO 4.0 Yakima LEVEL OF SERVICE ANI) INTERSECTION DELAY OF CONTINGENCY MEASURE Average vehicle delay for the entire 40 -intersection study area will be reduced by the contingency measure. Overall, intersection Level of Service (LOS) will be either held constant or improved at most intersections with this contingency measure. However, there exist some intersections where Level of Service will actually become slightly degraded and delay increases. These shifts in delay and LOS represent the tradeoffs which must occur in order to implement this Contingency Measure. As priority is given to the traffic flows on Yakima Avenue, First Street, Walnut Street, B Street and Lincoln, the side streets will be delayed. Traffic signal cycle splits on those arterial streets will be weighted for through movement while the side streets wait.This contingency measure is a short- term solution. Air quality lity can be improved with quick response time. However, the delay and inconvenience to pedestrian traffic and vehicular traffic (and businesses) on the side streets makes this solution desirable in the CBD setting for short-term events only. IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTINGENCY MEASURE The proposed air quality advisory contingency measure (TCM) has been tested with existing equipment. The Master Signal controller is over 15 years old and needs to be replaced, but is capable of accommodating an alternate signal plan. If and when this contingency measure is implemented, a signal technician will need to switch the controller to the alternate setting. The programming of the alternate setting has been designed and established based upon the findings of this study prior to the implementation. A draft inter -local agreement with terms is included in the appendix of this study. For a specific listing of all the intersection impacts, please refer to Table 5, Yakima CBD Signalized Intersection Plan. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 14 of 24 AIR QUALITY MITIGATION: OPTIMIZED INTERSECTION CONDITIONS Reduction of unnecessary intersection delay and vehicle idling will improve air quality. The 40 intersections within this study area are closely grouped and can be coordinated to work as a system. Overall efficiencies of this system can be significantly improved while air quality also benefits. A more efficient system would include shorter signal cycles and vehicle detection to allow for actuated or semi -actuated operations. For modeling purposes signal cycle lengths were shortened to 75 seconds. Before selecting the 75 -second signal cycle, analysis was also conducted for 45, 50, 60, 100 and 120 seconds cycles.Most of the traffic controllers were modeled as semi -actuated rather than the current fixed time controllers. During the peak traffic periods coordination between the signals is desirable to allow for progression along the street corridors. Optimized timings and offsets for the one-hour peak period were established based on recommendations from SYNCHRO. Left turn storage and protection was added at four intersections: Yakima Avenue at both 2"d Street and 4th Street, and Walnut at 2"d Street and 3rd Street. The result of this optimized intersection model was a reduction in Carbon Monoxide emissions from 126.7 to 105.6 pounds (57.6 to 48.01 KG) during average PM peak hour traffic. This is a reduction in emissions by 16.6% during peak hour. Fuel consumption is reduced from 824 gallons to 687 gallons during peak hour. Average travel speed improves from 14 to 16 miles per hour through the study area. Fuel efficiency improves from 9.4 to 11.2 miles per gallon. Lincoln1 —A B St. I B. —B — B a> Q —A A B of Q N AiA--A I Walnut 17) —B A N IQ 1 D M.—B- 1 Lincoln B��- 1 B St. 1 A St. A A— B— IChe nut B I A � I - ' U d' f0 N -o L C (h 1 75 -Second Semi -Actuated/ Optimized Signal Plan SYNCHRO —A —C Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 15 of 24 Ya Level of Service and Intersection Delay Under Optimized Intersection Plan The operating Level of Service for nearly all of the study area intersections will improve as a result of vehicle detection, signal actuation and signal coordination. Average vehicle delay is reduced or held constant at all intersections. Level of Service for all intersections is LOS A and R_ with only twn intersections operating at LOS C and one intersection at LOS D. Yakima Avenue / 8th Street will function at LOS C with an average intersection delay of 25 seconds for vehicles in each lane group (reduced from the existing 40 seconds). Walnut / First Street will operate at LOS C with an average intersection delay of 26 seconds (reduced from the existing 31 seconds). Yakima Avenue /7th Avenue has very unique intersection geometry and is difficult to model because of the one lane approach on the south side from Davis High School and the dual left turn entry from Summitview and Yakima Avenue on the north. Average intersection delay is estimated to improve from the current 67 seconds to 53 seconds for each lane group and operate at a LOS D (improved from the current LOS E). For a specific listing of all the intersection impacts, please refer to Table 5,Yakima CBD Signalized Intersection Plan. See page 22 for a map of CO emissions by intersection under optimized conditions. Implementation of Optimized Intersection Mitigation Plan To implement enhancements in signal timings and controls in the CBD, much of the existing system will need upgrading. The actual signal poles and signal heads are in place, representing a substantial investment which can be used with an upgraded system. However, the signal controllers and communication equipment require upgrading. Replacement of older traffic control equipment and the existing masters would allow replacement of the fixed timed controllers with vehicle actuated controllers. Vehicle detection would need to be added at many of the intersections, either using video or loop detectors. Upgraded pedestrian actuation equipment would also be necessary. Existing signal interconnect would need to be upgraded with a fiber optic network or other communication device. The CO Contingency measure can be implemented with upgraded equipment of the Optimized Mitigation pian. Below is an abbreviated list of implementation steps to achieve an optimized traffic control system which will improve air quality in the Yakima CBD and the CO non -attainment area. 1. Replacement of the 22 traffic controllers which are operated by LC -40 systems to LMD-40 Controllers or better. 2. Replacement of some of the traffic controller cabinets, as necessary to accommodate different hardware. 3. Replacement of the master controller and software for the CBD. A Closed Loop Mats System is proposed. 4. Video or loop detection for the 40 intersections to achieve actuation/ semi -actuation. 5. Enhanced Pedestrian Actuation system including Pedestrian buttons, LED pedestrian signals. Explore audible signals for selected locations within the CBD which have the highest pedestrian activity. 6. Replace old signal interconnect with fiber optic lines in order to facilitate video monitoring and control of intersection. Fiber optic communication lines have a small diameter with good flexibility and will fit into the current signal conduit. A design for the signal interconnect and related communications will need to be prepared by a qualified engineer. 7. Replacement of the existing signal conduit, between 3`d and 4th Avenues along West Yakima Avenue, which is in poor condition. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 16 of 24 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The air quality of the Yakima CO non -attainment area and the Yakima CBD will be improved if excessive vehicle delay can be reduced. The effect of this reduction in Carbon Monoxide vehicle emissions has been modeled and quantified. Likewise, in a weather related air quality advisory situation, vehicle emissions can be reduced with Co Air Quality Contingency Plan which gives traffic flow priorities to the main arterial streets within the CBD. The maps shown on pages 21 and 22 illustrate the relative improvement of air quality. The following Findings and Recommendations are derived from this study. 1. Yakima violations and exceedences of the National Clean Air Act standards for Carbon Monoxide have occurred during winter weather conditions often described as temperature inversions which may last for a few days until wind or precipitation changes the weather pattern. Further analysis reveals these conditions have occurred on weekdays and can be related to commuter traffic, primarily during the evening rush hour. The dominant source of CO within the Yakima Non - attainment area is from vehicle emissions. 2. The Yakima CBD represents the heaviest concentration of signalized intersections and traffic volumes within the Yakima Non -attainment Area. Additionally, the ability of the City of Yakima to make improvements in the traffic flow pattern is hampered by antiquated equipment. No vehicle detection is currently available within the CBD and all signals operate on a fixed time 80 -second cycle (except during nighttime and early morning hours when many of the signals are set to flash). 3. The safety and convenience of pedestrians is paramount to a vital downtown core. Emphasis on vehicle movements within the CBD must balance the needs of the pedestrian. Current equipment of fixed time controllers does not allow for pedestrian actuation and therefore all signal cycles include the required pedestrian walk time, even when no pedestrians are present. The related vehicle delay of unused pedestrian phases could be eliminated with updated equipment which allows actuation. 4. This study presents data produced by "SYNCHRO", a Traffic Engineering software program most commonly used for modeling intersection optimization. Vehicle emissions are modeled by SYNCHRO as a result of cumulative fuel consumed per hour by all traffic movements within each study intersection. The fuel consumption calculation is based on: • Total signal delay in seconds; • Travel speed in miles per hour; • Total vehicle miles traveled; • Total stops in vehicles per hour • Default formulas for fuel consumption used in TRANSYT 7-F and CORSIM. 5. The results of this study are best viewed as a comparative analysis. Data inputs for the SYNCHRO model are very rigorous to construct the calibrated scenario which represents current operating conditions of the 80 second fixed time signal cycle. Once this calibrated model was constructed, alternative scenarios were produced to evaluate the relative impacts to vehicle delay and CO emissions of modifying the current intersection controls. The study indicates a significant improvement can be made in the current conditions by altering the signal control plans within the Yakima CBD. SYNCHRO estimates a reduction of 16.6% in the CBD core, in CO emissions and fuel consumption if the traffic signal pattern was optimized. 6. A series of timing scenarios were modeled with SYNCHRO in the evaluation of the contingency measure (TCM) and the optimized scenario. Signal cycles of 45, 50, 60, 100 and 120 seconds in length were modeled in addition to the 75, 80 and 90 second cycles used for this study. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 17 of 24 7. The most significant finding of this study was development of the Transportation Contingency Measure (TCM) under the federal guidelines. The City of Yakima and the Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority have developed implementation protocol which guide the initiation of the TCM. The Draft TCM Agreement is included as an appendix to this document. 8. The proposed TCM is estimated to provide approximately 11% reduction in CO emissions during PM peak hour traffic within the Yakima downtown area. Implementation of the TCM will reduce CO emission levels which will assist in stabilizing the air quality within the Non -attainment area. 9. The TCM is considered a temporary solution, suitable for implementation over a short time period. One negative aspect of the TCM is the inconvenience to pedestrians. With extended green phases on the busiest arterial streets, pedestrians at the intersections will also suffer extended delays, along with vehicles. 10. Implementation of the proposed traffic flow mitigation measures will improve both air quality and traffic movement. Significant improvement will he realized riuring PM peak hour_ Additionally_ vasaaaiavauu ua.rav . �........� ..... ..� _gym.�^_--� _ ___ �_. Additionally, � during non -peak hours when traffic volumes are lighter, traffic control signals will be more responsive to actual conditions and delay will be significantly improved. 11. Data from the SYNCHRO modeling has been graphically depicted using the City of Yakima Geographic Information System (GIS). Two maps have been prepared which illustrate the existing condition for CO emissions and a comparative map of optimized conditions as described in the Air Quality mitigation scenario. These maps are displayed on pages 21 and 22 of this report. These maps do not indicate dispersion characteristics nor any information about background CO levels. The shaded areas represent contours of CO emission levels based upon calculated intersection emission values and proximity to other intersections. The point values for CO emissions at the intersections are shown on page 19, Table 5 "Yakima CBD Signalized Intersection Plan". The maps are most useful as a relative comparison of Existing and Optimized Traffic Conditions of CO emissions. 12. The traffic flow mitigation measures can be phased. No additional street right of ::'ay is necessary, nor would any curb -line be moved. Existing conduit locations are appropriate for installation of a new fiber optic interconnect. No street construction is required. Existing signal poles and signal heads can generally be re -used, with some up -grading as appropriate. 13. Connection of the CBD signal interconnect to the 1-82 interchanges, where video and fiber optic lines may be provided by WSDOT in the future. Message reader boards on the interchange ramps of I-82 could be constructed to warn motorists of "Air Quality Advisory Event. Motorists may want to choose alternative routes". Sharing of video data from the interchanges would be possible over a fiber optic signal interconnect network. Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 18 of 24 Table 5: Yakima CBD Signalized Intersection Plan LOCATION ADT entering intersection 2000 Exist. delay in sec. Critical Response Timing Average Delay Projected Delay w/ Optimizat- ion in sec. Existing CO Emission at Peak Hour (gnu) Critical Air Quality Advisory Response (g/hr) CO Emissions with Optimized Signals (lr) 1ST AVE & B STREET 12,700 2.90 2.60 4.50 491 518 583 1ST AVE & LINCOLN 12,900 7.50 3.20 1.60 1,004 779 671 1ST AVE &YAKIMA 20,000 7.70 5.90 1.80 1,049 903 634 1ST STREET & A STREET 18,700 23.60 9.50 4.50 1,823 1,071 788 1ST STREET & B STREET 27,900 21.80 12.20 9.70 2,688 1,822 1,857 1ST STREET & CHESTNUT 16,600 5.50 2.10 2.10 772 414 458 1ST STREET & D STREET 21,500 8.10 10.20 10.40 981 1,113 1,082 1ST STREET & LINCOLN 28,700 11.90 12.30 11.70 1,877 1,751 1,944 1ST STREET & WALNUT 33,400 31.20 29.30 26.30 3,449 3,226 3,285 1ST STREET &YAKIMA AVE 33,900 23.00 21.40 14.80 2,660 2,770 2,372 2ND AVE & YAKIMA AVE 20,000 4.00 3.20 1.40 740 658 539 2ND STREET & A STREET 5,900 9.00 12.90 11.40 384 471 424 2ND STREET & B STREET 13,500 13.30 7.40 3.60 1,002 636 488 2ND STREET & CHESTNUT 4,400 13.30 13.00 17.10 358 355 419 2ND STREET & YAKIMA AVE 22,400 14.40 9.80 10.40 1,406 1,285 1,208 2ND STREET & WALNUT 15,600 8.00 6.60 4.40 977 785 614 3RD AVE & B STREET 17,800 7.90 13.80 11.10 1,292 1,585 1,373 3RD AVE & LINCOLN 18,000 5.10 6.30 2.90 884 925 768 3RD AVE & WALNUT 25,200 18.70 17.50 13.00 2,916 2,700 2,348 3RD AVE & YAKIMA 25,600 11.00 5.60 8.60 1,830 1,294 1,573 3RD STREET & A STREET 5,400 14.40 14.10 15.90 569 597 658 3RD STREET & B STREET 14,800 6.00 4.80 3.40 472 437 421 3RD STREET & CHESTNUT 9,200 12.60 8.00 13.60 501 336 523 3RD STREET & LINCOLN 12,700 11.40 13.20 8.10 891 985 873 3RD STREET & WALNUT 16,600 9.20 8.20 8.10 1,191 993 1,058 3RD STREET & YAKIMA AVE 23,000 11.10 8.90 3.70 1,128 1,028 731 4TH AVE & YAKIMA 18,600 8.00 5.30 2.70 924 816 611 4TH STREET & YAKIMA AVE 18,100 9.00 3.80 11.50 921 714 1,034 5TH AVE & B STREET 21,400 12.00 14.30 10.30 1,313 1,359 1,372 5TH AVE & LINCOLN 26,500 13.80 8.80 8.00 1,757 1,511 1,367 5TH AVE & WALNUT 18,100 17.00 15.70 14.30 2,034 2,142 1,990 5TH AVE & YAKIMA 29,500 13.00 10.20 12.50 2,280 2,084 2,247 6TH AVE & YAKIMA 22,600 8.00 6.10 4.10 977 867 680 6TH STREET & WALNUT 17,900 20.50 16.90 8.70 1,336 1,182 1,007 6TH STREET & YAKIMA AVE 27,700 20.20 10.30 11.90 2,193 1,601 1,788 7TH AVE & YAKIMA AVE 19,800 67.30 64.10 53.30 3,350 3,187 2,861 8TH STREET & YAKIMA AVE 37,000 40.10 32.60 25.40 3,003 2,785 2,311 FRONT ST & WALNUT 19,800 10.20 3.90 5.00 1,581 1,067 1,188 FRONT STREET & YAKIMA AVE 21,600 14.60 7.70 3.90 1,623 1,295 1,004 NACHES & YAKIMA 20,200 6.20 6.30 3.90 1,005 977 852 Total 795,200 572.5 468 399.6 57,632 51,054 48,004 Data Source: City of Yakima traffic counts, SYNCHRO calculations Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 19 of 24 4,000 3,500 c • 3,000 N 5 c 2,500 c O $? 2,000 c 1,500 c O 1,000 co U 500 CO Emission Modeling by Intersection ❑ Existing CO Emission at Peak Hour (g/hr) © Critical Air Quality Advisory Response (g/hr) ❑ CO Emissions with Optimized Signals (g/hr) lam .� Gp Ps\ t`�� ,s c., cg's- �Q.' eP 4 Q P PP �F`�' `Q'�, /*' PJ \"\ Q6' eP >� P �� \4 IJ, �� Q" .P J� �� `, J C sJ J J J 0c �`� 5 c� c� • Ste' \V \V cog (`' e - c,; ..,4 �� Q- .yP cs S ,s\4 G P \' Q� GO �` - P P F' , P .- c �b. J4,•4rP 4th G� �J �4r ,�It - SPE P q) e P� b- O 4," it V P ` C) ,Z� .\`� . � ..°' 4V 5 �� y lP lP It *P�' . sk. \�.Q �P p" P ,yP PJ P ,\` C"-- ��' <t,,, ('s &� �� <(. ,Ot ,, (, ��. ,� V,s4t PJB PJB J c 4t <,,,, t �� 4,, . qJ� P,4s J% P P P 4s � J P� � J J � -1 y �, � yP 5 ^5's ^g �sC- Cl- ��4, ase-- - , S -s �. / PJ `�� ase- ��C, ��e, c�s� ��Pn,QO ��c, je- �QQ, e-- fie, �,�e q- «; �,c fie, �pJ��,c,,-4 �s ., -s ' - scP`�<- �4r,.\ , gr \4 �� G,Z� NC° NC° C:jN NC° N N 'SC° `' .° 7O .0 `' rl' 05 S g 4)- QQ �Q �! g� 5 h �c' C�� 2 P �Q� t�Q0 �`t<� �P �g , L (1, �� n�Q �Q nQ� �O �� 6, _ *� �� 5 0 <O F Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Maintenance Plan Transportation Element \\\ Carbon Monoxide Emission Modeling by Intersection OPTIMIZED CONDITIONS Air quality and traffic flow improvement were modeled using SYNCNRO for each of the 40 intersections within the study area. Most of the traffic controllers were modeled as a change from pre -timed to actuated. Signal cycles were changed to 75 seconds with optimized timings and off -sets for the one hour time segment. Lett turn protection was added at four intersections. Resulting CO emissions showed a 16. 7% improvement (48.01 Kg projected during peak hour) and reduced fuel consumption to 687 gallons. • Signalized Intersections CO Levels Very Low Low Low/Moderate Moderate Moderate/High High Very High PM Peak Hour Ermssions in grarns per hour by Internentlon. ranging from 419 to 3285 e/hr 1:7500 June 2nd, 2000 CITY OF YAKIMA, WA Public Works Department Traffic Engineering Division 2301 Fruitvale Blvd Yakima, WA 98902 Phone: (509) 576-6417 Fax: (509) 575-6238 jdavenpotci.yakima.wa.us Carbon Monoxide Emission Modeling by Intersection EXISTING CONDITIONS The City of Yakima is a Nonattainment Area for Carbon Monoxide (CO) pursuant to the Federal Clean AirAct. Existing traffic characteristics and roadway geometries were modeled with SYNCHRO 4.0 to generate vehicle CO emissions by intersection during the PM Peak Hour of traffic using fuel consumption, delay and travel time. Total PM Peak hour CO emissions are currently 59.06 Kg (129.9 Ibis) which equate to 12 tons per day at these 40 intersections. • Signalized Intersections CO Levels Very Low Low Low/Moderate Moderate Moderate/High High Very High PM Peak Hour Ermssions in grams per hour. ranging Tram 404 to 3503 g/hr 1:7500 June 2nd, 2000 CITY OF YAKIMA, WA Public Works Department Traffic Engineering Division. 2301 Fruitvale Blvd Yakima, WA 98902 Phone: (509) 576-6417 Fax: (509) 575-6238 jdavenpo@ci.yakima.wa.us APPENDIX RESOLUTION NO. R -2000- A RESOLUTION establishing an agreement with the Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority for implementation of the Yakima CO Air Quality Contingency Measure. WHEREAS, the City of Yakima and the Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority have cooperated in the development of the Yakima CO Limited Maintenance Plan for attainment of Carbon Monoxide Air Quality Standards established by the Federal Clean Air Act of 1990; and WHEREAS, the Yakima Valley is subject to winter seasonal temperature inversions which can create poor air quality conditions, sometimes resulting in periods of elevated Carbon Monoxide levels due primarily to vehicle traffic; and WHEREAS, rising CO values during temperature inversions may be reduced by implementation a temporary and alternate signal timing plan, referred to as the "Yakima CO Air Quality Contingency Measure" which reduces vehicle idling on major arterial streets in the Yakima CBD; now, therefore, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF YAKIMA: The City Council does hereby agree to implement the Yakima CO Air Quality Contingency Measure under the terms described below. Section 1: In order to reduce the Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions in the Yakima CO Non -attainment Area during an air quality advisory period, the City of Yakima agrees to establish an alternate and temporary signal timing plan(herein referred to as the Co Air Quality Contingency Measure) to give priority of traffic flow to the major arterial streets within the CBD core area, while traffic on the less busy side streets is delayed to create better overall system efficiency. Traffic will be held at the signalized intersections on the side streets for a longer period of time, while the main arterial street traffic is allowed to flow more effectively. This alternative plan serves as the Yakima Transportation Contingency Measure (TCM) as required by the Federal Highway Administration and Environmental Protection Agency and by Section 176 (c) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) [42 U.S.C. §7509]. Conformance of the TCM with the Washington State Implementation Plan (SIP) is required by Chapter 173-420 WAC. Section 2: The Department of Ecology Carbon Monoxide monitoring device will be used to determine when an air quality advisory period is in effect which requires implementation of the TCM. The following thresholds will be used: 1. A Carbon Monoxide (CO) reading of greater than 5.5 parts per million (PPM), averaged over an 8 -hour period until the Yakima CO Limited Maintenance Plan is approved by the Washington Department of Ecology and the Environmental Protection Agency grants attainment status for CO in Yakima; Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 23 of 24 2. A Carbon Monoxide (CO ) reading of greater than 7.0 parts per million (PPM), averaged over an 8 -hour period after the Environmental Protection Agency grants attainment status for CO in Yakima. Section 3: If threshold values described in Section 2 are observed on or after 5:00 PM on a Friday, implementation of the TCM will be deferred 48 hours (until 5:00 PM, Sunday), pending a threshold reading at that time. Section 4: Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority will provide notice to the City of Yakima Department of Public Works that an air quality advisory event is in effect. The Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority will provide public notice that an air quality advisory event is in effect and the CO Air Quality Contingency Measure is in effect for the Yakima CBD. Section 5: The City of Yakima Public Works Department will respond with implementation of the TCM within 4 hours of the notice given by the Clean Air Authority. The TCM will be in effect until air quality conditions are below the threshold values of Section 2. ADOPTED BY THE CITY COUNCIL this day of , 2000. Mary Place, Mayor ATTEST: City Clerk Yakima CO Non -attainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan Transportation Element Page 24 of 24 akima Regional Clean Air Authority August 21, 2000 Dear Interested Person; E.ocutL74LtL4t 0q/13/001 Six So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Phone: (509) 574-1410, Fax: (509) 574-141 1 Enclosed is the first working draft on the Yakima Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Area, Limited Maintenance Plan and Redesignation Request for your review and suggestions. This is a document in progress, and it contains many incomplete or missing sections and appendices. However, it will show you the planned format and content. We will issue another working draft which will be more complete prior to presenting the plan to the Board for approval to start conducting public workshops on the plan. The current schedule for the planning process is: Submit the draft plan to the Board - October, 2000 Board meeting; Public workshop(s) on the draft plan - October, 2000; Present plan and accept public comments to the Board - November, 2000 Board meeting; Revise plan as directed by the Board and file with the Code Reviser for adoption - November, 2000; Local and state adoption hearings - January, 2001 Board meeting; DOE submits the plan to EPA - February, 2001. Because this plan is a project involving five different agencies, this schedule is very subject to change. If you have any questions about this draft of the plan, the planning process, or carbon monoxide nonattainment area, please contact Charlie Stansel, Planner, at (509) 574-1410. Thank you for your participation in this process. Sincerely, Les Ornelas Air Pollution Control Officer Enclosure cc: Board members and Alternates CO Advisory Group members Paul Carr, DOE Germainine Beveridge, YVCOG Joan Davenport, City of Yakima, Public Works Dep't. Gary Pruitt, YRCAA Charlie Stansel, YRCAA, w/o enclosure /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/S1P/CO/maint_plan/draft_ plan_cvr_Itr_001 Page 1 of 1 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 DRAFT Draft Yakima Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan and Redesignation Request Yakima County, Washington August 2000 Prepared by: Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority Washington State Dep't. Of Ecology, Air Quality Program Yakima Valley Conference of Governments City of Yakima, WA, Public Works Dep't. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 1 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Adoption History Local Adoption Adopted for local use and recommended to the State of Washington, Department of Ecology for the State Implementation Plan this day of, by the Board of Directors, Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority, Yakima, Washington. r'hrncrcnn Member Member Member Member State Adoption Adopted by the State of Washington, Department of Ecology at a State adoption hearing conducted at Yakima, WA on , , and recommended to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency for inclusion in the State Implementation Plan. Designated Representative for the Governor Date Federal Approval Approved for inclusion in the State Implementation Plan and attainment status granted. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 Date /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 2 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Table of Contents Content Page No. 1.0 Summary 2.0 General Information 2.1 Planning Direction 2.2 Location 2.3 Air Quality Status 2.4 CO Monitoring 2.5 Design Value 2.6 Planning Area 2.7 Existing Control Strategies 2.8 Past Emissions Inventories 3.0 Risk of a Future Violation 3.1 Growth Potential 3.2 Potential for Dramatic Change 3.3 Major Population or Source Distribution Changes 3.4 Impacts from Outside the Nonattainment Area 3.5 Reliance on Unproven Control Measures 3.6 Strength of Past Contingency Measures 3.7 Meteorological Data 4.0 State Implementation Plan (SIP) Requirements 4.1 Summary of Previous SIP Submittals 4.2 Demonstration of Attainment 4.3 Adequacy of the Monitoring Network 4.4 Permanent and Enforceable Emission Reductions 4.5 Transportation Conformity 4.6 Section 110 and Part D Requirements 5.0 Air Quality Maintenance Plan 5.1 Attainment Emission Inventory 5.2 Maintenance Demonstration 5.3 Monitoring Network 5.4 Verification of Continued Attainment 5.5 Control Measures 5.6 Contingency Measures a /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 3 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 5.7 Mitigation Measures 5.8 Additional Measures 5.9 Transportation Emission Budgets Appendices A Bibliography B Technical Analysis Protocol C Inventory Preparation and Quality Assurance Plan D Map and Legal Description of the Yakima CO Nonattainment Area E Statistical and Growth Information � va�..�.vs.v.we uee� .we a✓ar see !e !!./ee!e[„Sb1i.A!! F Five Highest Annual CO Concentrations G Analysis of Meteorlogical Conditions for the Five Days Per Year with the Highest CO Monitor Values H Inventory Calculations, Documentation, Quality Control Evaluations I City of Yakima, Washington Evaluation of Mobile Source Carbon Monoxide e Emissions in the Yakima CBD J Days per Month with CO Values Greater than Specific Levels K Adopted Rules L List of Contributors Charts Graphs Graph 2.32 - 1 , R Hr. 00 Vali uec for Yakima Sime 1988 Table Table 2.32 - 1, Information about CO Monitor Values > 8 Hr. NAAQS Since 1988 Table 2.8 - 1, 1992 CO NAA Emissions Inventory Summary Table 3.1 - 1, Summary of CO NAA Growth Statistics Table 5.1 - 1, 1999 Limited Maintenance Plan Inventory Summary /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 4 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 1.0 Summary /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 5 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 2.0 General Information This is a limited maintenance plan which describes the maintenance of the carbon monoxide (CO) national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) in the Yakima CO Nonattainment Area (NAA). This plan fulfills the Clean Air Act requirements, and It being is being recommended to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for inclusion in the state implementation plan (SIP) with a request that this nonclassifiable CONAA be granted attainment status. The SIP is the federally -enforceable plan which identifies how the State and local authorities will attain or maintain the NAAQS for CO. As a nonclassifiable CO NAA with a design value below 7.65 ppm, Yakima is eligible to submit a limited maintenance plan. A full maintenance plan is not required because this area has achieved air quality levels well below the NAAQS without using control measures required for nonattainment areas with worse air quality. The continued use of prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) requirements for point sources, control measures already in the SIP, and federal control measures, such as the motor vehicle control program should provide adequate assurance of maintenance of the NAAQS. This limited maintenance plan is the joint product of the Yakima Region Clean Air Authority (YRCAA), the Washington State Department of Ecology, Air Quality Program (DOE), Yakima Valley Conference of Governments (YVCOG) City of Yakima, Public Works Department, business and industry representatives, and interested citizens. The people who participated in this planning process are listed in Appendix L. 2.1 Planning Direction The Board of Directors for the YRCAA approved the preparation of a limited maintenance plan for the Yakima CO NAA on May 10, 2000.1 This plan is being prepared according to the direction in the documents listed in Appendix A. A copy of the approved Technical Analysis Protocol (TAP) is in Appendix B, and the Inventory Preparation and Quality Assurance Plan is in Appendix C. 2.2 Location The NAA is located in Central Washington State in Yakima County. It is 6.4 square miles in size, and the Cities of Yakima and Union Gap, and Yakima County are the local governmental jurisdictions. The NAA is a mix of older neighborhoods, residential, 1 Board Meeting Minutes, May 10, 2000, Page 2. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner Page 6 of 46 July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 commercial, and some industrial sites. The area is bisected by major arterial streets which bring traffic from Kittitas, Yakima, and Benton Counties into the NAA. At times this traffic is a major contributor to the CO air pollution. When the expanded CO NAA boundary was submitted to EPA on March 15, 1991, the largest source category in the CO emissions inventory was on -road mobile sources.2 3 The new boundary location was determined by analyzing traffic data for the downtown area and drawing a boundary that enclosed the majority of the emissions from these mobile sources. This resulted in the exclusion of the Boise -Cascade Corp. lumber and plywood mill about 0.1 mile east of the NAA. Appendix D contains a map and the legal description for the NAA, and Appendix E has statistical information about the NAA. 2.3 Air Quality Status 2.31 Air Quality History - Violations of the CO NAAQS in the 1970's placed Yakima in nonattainment status. Under the 1990 Federal Clean Air Act amendments, all CO nonattainment areas continued in nonattainment status. If an area did not violate the NAAQS in 1988 and 1989, the area could not be classified according to the degree of severity of nonattainment as required by the 1990 amendments. These "not classified" areas still remain as nonattainment areas and are subject to SIP requirements. The NAAQS for CO is not more than one exceedance per year of an eight-hour average of 9 ppm. The second non -overlapping exceedance in a year at a monitoring site is a violation of the NAAQS. From 1978 - 1986 Yakima experienced 25 non -overlapping exceedances of the eight-hour standard, and there were no exceedances of the NAAQS in 1987. The last violation of the NAAQS occurred on December 4, 1985 with two non -overlapping values of 11 and 10 ppm. 2.32 Current Air Quality Trends - Since 1987 the standard has been attained, and 1987 is the year of attainment. Since 1987 there have been two exceedances, one exceptional event that was recognized by EPA, and no 2 Carbon Monoxide Emissions Inventory for the Yakima Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Area, March 1, 1994. Pgs. 2 & 4. 3 Williams, March 24, 1994. /chasm/wpfiles/chariie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 7 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 violations of the standard. The details about these events are summarized in Table 2.32 - 1. Table 2.32 - 1, Information about CO Monitor Values > 8 Hr. NAAQS Since 1988 Date Monitor ppm Location Comments Dec. 19, '91 11.6 I Jade Tree I Exceedance. Restaurant Dec. 21, '92 9.6 Jade Tree Restaurant Exceedance. Jan. 18, '94 9.4 Jade Tree Not an exceedance because the value is rounded Restaurant I down to 9.0 ppm. Feh. 7, '96 12.4 10.5 Jade Tree Restaurant Two non -overlapping events. Accepted by EPA, Region 10 as an exceptional event on March 6, 1998.4 Yakima is currently attaining the NAAQS for CO, and the annual high and average CO monitor values are dropping. Graph 2.32 - 1 shows the CO monitor values since 1988. Graph 2.32 - 1, 8 Hr. CO Values for Yakima Since 1988 2.4 CO Monitoring 2.41 Monitoring History - The Yakima CO monitor was located at the County Courthouse on the east side of North 1" Street from 1979 to 1989. After a saturation study, the monitor was moved in 1990 to the Jade Tree Restaurant on the south side of East Yakima Avenue. The Jade Tree Restaurant values were representative of the highest maximum concentrations in the area. Another CO saturation study done between December 1994 and March 1995 and published in September 1996 a Frankel, Anita by Bonnie Thie, Letter to Joseph R. Williams, Washington Department of Ecology, Air Quality Program, "Exceptional Event Request for Carbon Monoxide (CO) Concentrations in Yakima", EPA, Region 10, OAQ-107, March 6, 1998. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 8 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 determined that the East Yakima Avenue corridor and the Jade Tree site had higher concentrations, and the monitor should remain at this site. During the winter of 1996 - 1997 the Jade Tree building was severely damaged by Targe snowstorms. This resulted in the deactivation of the monitor, the condemnation of the building, and the eventual building demolition. Later in 1997 the monitor was moved back to the Courthouse location. Because past studies had shown the Courthouse was not the optimal location for a CO monitor for downtown Yakima, a limited CO saturation study was done by DOE during February 1999. The results of the study were inconclusive for selecting a CO monitoring site. 2.42 New Information - The City of Yakima is working on a coordinated traffic movement and signalization project for the downtown area. They have done modeling of VMTs, travel speed, and CO emissions at peak travel hours at a much finer grid than any of the past saturation studies. 2.43 CO Monitor Relocation - DOE is currently working on a plan to relocate the CO monitor, but the specific location has not been selected. YRCIA and DOE will compare the saturation studies and the City of Yakima empirical calculations of CO emissions before making a final decision about relocating the monitor. The recent plan is to have the monitor installed and operational at an approved location by Oct. 1, 2000 may be modified. Because the NAA is small in size, Yakima has never had more than one operational CO monitor. 2.5 Design Value Appendix F shows the five highest readings during each of the last four years. The greater of the second highest CO monitor values during 1998 and 1999 was 5.1 ppm, and this is the current CO design value. This value qualifies for a limited maintenance plan because it is Tess than 7.65 ppm or 85% of the CO NAAQS. The 1988 - 1989 design value was 8.9 ppm. 2.6 Planning Area The maintenance plan, emission modeling, and emission inventories are limited to the geographic limits of the NAA as shown in Appendix D. Therefore, the CO emissions from the Boise -Cascade Corp. and John I. Haas, Inc. plants which are close to the /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 9 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 NAA, but not within the area are not included. The 1992 and 1996 CO emissions .ni....:.... for the NAA .J. not include the from I o ies the N/ A do include the emissions from these sources, but they did list the CO emissions from Boise -Cascade Corp. for information. Any control or contingency strategies which are included in the plan will be designed for optimum effectiveness with an adequate safety margin for the monitored CO values to remain below 85% of the CO NAAQS. The geographic area subject to a strategy may be larger than the NAA depending on the nature of measure. 2.7 Existing Control Strategies The following control strategies are existing and were used to reduce CO emissions in the NAA. These are all permanent and enforceable emission reductions: 2.71 Federal Requirements - Tier 1 Federal Mntor Vehicle Emissions Standards for gasoline powered vehicles. 2.72 State Requirements - None. 2.73 Local Requirements - The following are local regulations which were included in Restated Regulation I and adopted into the SIP.5 6 These regulations were included in the SIP as P v910 controls and are applicable to areas larger than the CO NAA. However, they also have some control on CO emissions. They are also included in the new Regulation 1 which is being filed for SIP adoption: • Prohibition of outdoor and agricultural burning in the NAA.' 9 • Prohibition on the installation of uncertified wood stoves;9 10 • Prohibition of the use of pre-existing uncertified wood stoves during the first Federal Register, Vol. 63, No. 21, February 2, 1998, Pg. 5269-5272. 6 Approved WA SIPS, Section. 3.YC. Restated Req. I, Subsection 5.03B, Pg. 5-3. 8 Regulation 1, Subsection 3.03C1d, Pg. 3-12. 9 Restated Req. I, Subsection 9.04A, Pg. 9-1. 10 Regulation 1, Subsection 3.04C4, Pg. 3-35. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIPICO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 10 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 stage of an impaired air quality event unless it is the sole source of heat for a living area.11 12 A first stage impaired air quality event can declare when the monitor PM70 values reach 60 µ,g/m3 or the CO values reach 8 ppm; 13 14 • Prohibition of the use of all wood stoves during a second stage of an impaired air quality event or an alert or higher stage of an air pollution episode except sole sources of heating for living areas, and the compliance patrols required by the SIP.15 15 2.74 Local and voluntary programs. • Wood stove buy back programs between 1993 and 1994 which removed 58 uncertified wood stoves from the Wood Smoke Control Zone that surrounds the NAA. An estimated 34 of these stoves were in the NAA; and • Voluntary transit and commute trip reduction programs by six employers within the CO NAA and and six additional employers in the City of Yakima but outside of the NAA. 2.8 Past Emissions Inventories EPA determined that "not classified" areas are required to submit an emission inventory. This was submitted to EPA in March 1994 for the base year of 199217. EPA, Region 10 took no action on this inventory. In December 1997 YRCAA submitted a CO emissions inventory update for 199618, but this inventory was never approved by DOE or submitted to EPA. Both inventories included only sources within 11 Restated Req. I, Subsection 9.05A2, Pg. 9-3. 12 Regulation 1, Table 3.05 -2, Pg. 3-38. 13 Restated Req. 1, Subsection 9.05A2, Pg. 9-3. 14 Regulation 1, Table 3.05 -1, Pg. 3-37. 15 Restated Reg. 1, Subsection 9.05A3, Pg. 9-3. 16 Regulation 1, Table 3.05-2, Pg. 3-38. 17 18 Williams, Ltr. to EPA, Region 10, Mar. 4, 1994. Carbon Monoxide Emissions Inventory Update - 1996 for the Yakima Nonattainment Area, Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority, December 1997. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 11 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 the NAA, but they have major differences. The 1992 inventory estimated the the CO G11110011/4)1 10 RJ JI IVVVI I 111 LI IC IVIIVVVII IIJ. IdVIC. Table 2.8 - 1, 1992 CO NAA Emissions Inventory Summary Source Category Annual Typical Winter Day Tons % Lbs. Point int BourCeS 0 0 0 0 Area sources Residential wood heating 2,094 17 33,644 39 All other area sources 177 1 1,203 1 Subtotal (2,271) (18) 34,847 (40) Mobile sources On road 8,763 70 48,837 56 Non road 1,442 12 3,329 4 Subtotal (10,205) (82) (52,166) (60) Total 12,476 100 87,013 100 /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 12 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 3.0 Risk of a Future Violation There are a number of factors that can be reviewed to evaluate the potential for future violations of the NAAQS for CO in the Yakima area. The following data is provided to assist in evaluating the possible risk of a future violation of the standard and the imposition of a new nonattainment status. 3.1 Growth Potential The NAA has few Targe tracts of vacant land for new multiple housing units or large commercial developments. Most of the future growth will occur from the conversion of existing old or abandoned single-family houses to multiple family dwellings or small commercial buildings, or new construction on currently vacant lots of land. Table 3.1 - 1 summaries the growth rates projected for the NAA by YVCOG.19 Table 3.1 - 1, Summary of CO NAA Growth Statistics Year Growth Factor • Population Households Employment Vehicle Miles Traveled 1999 Base Year Values 1999 34,481 13,016 17,165 468,234 Annual Rate of Change in % 2000 +1.2% +1.2% +3.2% +2.1% 2001 +1.2% +1.2% +3.1% +2.1% 2002 +1.2% +1.2% +3.0% +2.1% 2003 +1.2% +1.2% +2.9% +2.1% 2004 +1.2% +1.2% +2.8% +2.1% 2005 +1.2% +1.2% +2.7% +2.1% 2006 +1.0% +1.0% +1.9% +1.6% 2007 +1.0% +1.0% +1.8% +1.6% 19 Webster, April 4, 2000. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 13 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 2008 +1.0% +1.0% +1.8% +1.6% 2009 +1.0% +1.0% +1.8% +1.6% 2010 +1.0% +1.0% +1.7% +1.6% The persons per household is projected to remain constant during the maintenance planning period. Additional statistical information for the CO NAA or the Cities of Yakima or Union Gap see Appendix E. 3.2 Potential for Dramatic Change There is little potential for changes in the source mix for the CO emissions within the NAA. A dramatic change in this emissions inventory would have to be triggered by large increases in VMTs or the construction of a major source emitting CO within the nonattainment area. Preliminary growth rate estimates by YVCOG for the NAA indicate that VMT's.rill grow at about twice the rate of the population growth, but they are currently reviewing these rates for accuracy. 3.3 Major Population or Source Distribution Changes No major changes are expected in the spatial distribution of emissions in the NAA. In addition, most of the industrial growth is occurring south and west of the NAA or in the area of the Valley Mall at the very southern extremity of the area. This growth could influence Vivi T's inside and around the NAA. 3.4 Impacts from Outside the NAA Vehicle traffic originating outside of the NAA is the main source that could effect the air quality within the NAA. The emissions from these vehicles is included in the emissions modeling after they enter the area. 11n the past Boise -Cascade Corp. has proposed closing the plywood plant, but the current plans are for it to remain operational. A closure in all or part of the operations of this company would reduce the total CO emissions in the Greater Yakima Area. • Because the winter prevailing winds are from the west and the Boise -Cascade Corp. 4 mill site is on the east side of the NAA, the change in the NAA would be negligible. 3.5 Reliance on Unproven Control Measures /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 14 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 The amount of reduction from each of the controls listed in Section 2.7 is unknown. However, because past CO emissions inventories have indicated the largest amount of CO was from on -road mobile sources, it is reasonable to assume that the federal motor vehicle program emission standards have been the most effective in attaining the CO NAAQS. 3.6 Strength of Past Contingency Measures Because this is a not classified area, contingency measures were not required in prior CO SIP submittals. 3.7 Meteorological Data Evaluations of historical National Weather Service data from the Yakima Airport and CO emissions data show that high CO values can occur between November 1st and February 28th during an atmospheric inversion with poor ventilation and normal winter temperatures. An analysis of the meteorlogical conditions for the five days per year with the highest CO monitor values from 1996 through 1999 determined the following: • The highest CO values occur on days with average seasonal maximum, minimum, and average temperatures; • None of the highest values occurred on days with an average temperature < 15 °F, and eleven occurred with an average temperature > 32 °F; • 88% of the readings occurred on weekdays; • The highest 8 hr. values tend occur either between 8 AM and 5 PM or at night between 10 PM and 2 AM; • 76% of the highest readings were two or three day events; • 72% of them occurred in the month of January; and • Other atmospheric conditions such as low surface winds and cloud cover which were not measured or analyzed influence the development of an inversion and rising CO levels. These conclusions generally agree with the atmospheric conditions for high CO concentrations in the City of Spokane. The data for this analysis is in Appendix G. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 15 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 4.0 State Implementation Plan (SIP) Requirements 4.1 Summary of Previous SIP Submittals Restated Regulation I of 1995 was adopted into the SIP, and the newly adopted Regulation 1 was submitted to DOE for SIP adoption in August 2000. The only existing CO SIP submittal for Yakima is in Section 4.6.2.CO.1 approved by EPA on Sep. 14. 1981. This submittal predicted attainment of the CO NAAQS in 1982. This did not happen, Because Yakima is a not classified area under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, no SIP submittals were required. 4.2 Demonstration of Attainment The data in Appendix F, and the narratives in Sections 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5 show that the CO NAAQS has been attained since 1988. 4.3 Adequacy of the Monitoring Network During 1999 the Yakima County Courthouse CO monitor recorded 8512 hours with valid data and 97% of the data was determined to be valid.2° Considering this successful monitoring record and the small size of the NAA, one monitor is adequate for future monitoring. The monitor may be relocated as discussed in Section 2.4. 4.4 Permanent and Enforceable Emission Reductions The existing permanent and enforceable emission controls are listed in Section 2.7, and they will all remain. The actual contribution of each control is not known, but the federal motor vehicle emission standards have made the greatest reduction. 4.5 Transportation Conformity Yakima is subject to transportation conformity and has been complying with the state and federal conformity regulations since they were adopted. Under the CO limited maintenance plan directions, regional conformity analysis on the metropolitan 20 Rauh, Stan, 1999 Air Monitoring Data Quality Assessment Report, Department of Ecology, April 2000, Pg. 11. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 16 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner - July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So, Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 transportation plan and transportation improvement program is no longer necessary because there is no limit on motor vehicle emissions and thus no way to receive a negative conformity determination. individual transportation projects must still continue to have a conformity analysis and receive a positive determination to obtain project approval. The project level analysis will continue to be done in accordance with the existing state and federal requirements for planning and modeling. The metropolitan transportation planning organizations with ozone and CO NAAs have agreed that Yakima can qualify for the minimum guaranteed allocation of congestion mitigation and air quality (CMAQ) funds when the YRCAA Board approves and submits either a Yakima CO or PM10 maintenance plan to DOE which includes transportation elements. 4.6 Section 110 and Part D Requirements The only applicable requirement is state transportation conformity regulations. While EPA has yet to approve the State of Washington regulations, EPA has determined that states are still bound by the federal regulation, and the absence of an EPA approval does not constitute an obstacle to redesignation. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 17 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 5.0 Air Quality Maintenance Plan The following subsections document the planned strategies for maintaining the CO monitor values below the NAAQS and the 7.65 ppm level for a limited maintenance plan. 5.1 Attainment Emission Inventory An annual and a typical winter day CO attainment emission inventories was constructed for 1999 with no future year projections_ 1999 was selected for the base year for these inventories because this is the base year for the traffic modeling done by YVCOG. These inventories also will fulfill the EPA requirement for a three year emissions inventory in the NAA. The 1992 inventory was used as a reference for constructing the 1999 attainment constructing t.,vu, ,� cilldll II 11en16 inventory. However, major changes have occurred in residential home heating and the traffic modeling between the inventories. Therefore, the three inventories should not be compared for similar emission estimates, and the 1992 and 1996 inventories were not adjusted for errors or changes found during the construction of the 1.999 maintenance plan -inventory. The inventory calculations, documentation, quality control evaluations are in Appendix H. The inventory preparation and quality assurance plan is in Appendix C. The following table summarizes the maintenance plan inventory; Table 5.1 - 1, 1999 Limited Maintenance Plan Inventory Summary Source Category Annual Typical Winter Day Tons % Lbs. Point sources 0 0 0 0 Area sources Residential wood heating All other area sources Subtotal Mobile sources /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 18 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 On road Non road Subtotal Totals 5.2 Maintenance Demonstration The EPA direction for limited maintenance plans assumes that the CO emissions are at low enough level that even with future growth or unfavorable winter weather a violation of the NAAQS will not occur. This is the expected situation in Yakima. Therefore, no modeling was done to construct out -year emissions inventories. 5.3 Monitoring Network Because the NAA is small in size, and the one CO monitor has been acceptable, there is no need for a second monitor. The monitor was moved to the Yakima County Courthouse in 1997 after the building at its previous location on E. Yakima Ave. was extensively damaged by heavy snowfall, and the building had to be demolished. Previous saturation studies and comparisons of data have shown that the E. Yakima Ave. corridor can be expected to have higher winter CO values than at the Courthouse location. Recent traffic and CO emissions modeling in the central business district by the City of Yakima show the highest CO concentrations are aligned with 1' Street with spot high concentrations on East and West Yakima Ave. 21 Therefore, DOE and YRCAA are working together to evaluate all information about the best location for the monitor, and relocate the monitor to a new site only if needed. YRCAA and DOE plan to periodically review the adequacy of the monitor location. 5.4 Verification of Continued Attainment Continued attainment of the CO NAAQS will be verified by the monitored air quality data, an annual review of the plan, and the assumptions supporting the plan. Saturation studies will be conducted to evaluate the configuration of the monitoring network and the spatial changes in CO concentrations. 21 City of Yakima, Washington Evaluation of Mobile Source Carbon Monoxide Emissions in the Yakima CBD, August 1, 2000. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 19 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 5.5 Control Measures The control measures listed in Section 2.7 will all remain effective. No additional control measures are planned for this limited maintenance plan. 5:6 Contingency Measures 5.61 Rationale for Selection of a Contingency Measure - All past CO NAA emissions inventories have identified gasoline -powered vehicles as the largest source of CO in both the annual and typical winter day In addition outdoor burning is prohibited in the NAA except for certain ries. specific types of fires permitted by YRCAA, and the emission trend for home wood heating is declining. The analysis of winter CO values documented in Appendices F, G, and J with the conclusions in Section 3.7 show that the periods of greatest risk for a monitor value7.65 have �,u� > ppm the following characteristics: • Weekdays during a winter inversion period in December or January; • They are associated with higher traffic levels and in some cases -home wood heating emissions; and . The high CO levels will rise quickly, last for two or three days, and then drop. Therefore, the primary contingency measure for this plan needs to quickly stop rapidly rising winter CO emissions before the 7.65 ppm threshold is reached, but only needs to be implemented for short periods during the winter. The CO NAA has 63 signalized traffic intersections, and the downtown central district within the NAA has 40 fixed -time traffic signals. These signals in the business district are using old technology traffic movement. Converting all or part of these traffcs signalstotoo an optimizet alternative timing sequence or installing new technology has a great potential to move traffic more efficiently and reduce CO emissions. The City of Yakima, Public Works Department has studied the traffic movement in the central business district, and it is documented in Appendix I. 5.62 Emergency CO Air Quality Contingency Measure - This plan includes an emergency CO air quality contingency measure which will change the timing on these 40 signals in the downtown central business district to favor the traffic on arterial streets and delay the lower traffic volumes on the cross streets during periods of predicted higher CO monitor values. This measure /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 20 of Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 20006 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 would move more traffic with less delays and lower emissions, and give a high probability of stopping rising CO values. Traffic modeling using SYNCHRO 4.0 produced the following estimates for the afternoon peak traffic and vehicle CO emissions conditions: Table 5.62 - 1, Modeling Estimates for Peak Afternoon Hour Traffic Conditions in the Central Business District Alternative Average Vehicle Travel Speed - MPH Fuel Consumption - CO Emissions - Gal. Mi. / Gal. Lbs. o /o Change Existing Condition 14 824 9.4 127 0 Emergency CO Air Quality Contingency Measure 15 726 10.6 112 -12 Optimized Traffic Signal System Mitigation Measure 16 687 11.2 106 -17 ' Even though fully adopted contingency measures are not required for a limited maintenance plan, it is the decision of YRCAA to have the appropriate rules adopted before submitting the maintenance plan. The local rule for the emergency CO air quality contingency measure is in Appendix K. The YVCOG will include this contingency measure in the State Transportation Implementation Plan (TIP). 5.63 Implementation of the Contingency Measure - The emergency CO air quality contingency measure will be activated by the YRCAA from the 8 hour CO values at the local monitor that are posted on the DOE state air quality website under the following conditions: • After local adoption of the limited maintenance plan - >_ 5.5 ppm and the monitor data indicates that the values are rising; and • After EPA, Region 10 grants CO attainment status - >_ 7.0 ppm and the monitor data indicates that the values are rising. It is expected that these conditions will exist one to three times each winter, and the duration of this contingency measure will be no longer than the next /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 21 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Saturday morning following the activation of the measure. Because this r+nntir+nn.,.+.. for agency measure is fa short duration, the public should not significantly change their driving patterns to avoid the extended intersection delays on the local streets. 5.64 Continuing Use of the Contingency Measure - During and after the completion of the optimized traffic signal system mitigation measure, it will still be possible to convert the traffic signal system to the emergency CO air quality system to stop rising high CO values. 5.7 Mitigation Measures 5.71 Optimized Traffic Signal System - The long term solution for more efficient traffic and pedestrian movement in the central business district is the installation of new traffic signal control and detection control �, equipment and communication equipment. This is planned to be done by the City of Yakima over a several year period as funds become available, and it is documented in Appendix I. Table 5.62 - 1 showing the expected CO emissions reductions from the existing conditions. 5.72 Other Mitigation Measures - The plan contains no other mitigation measures. However, YRCAA has a continuing interest in encouraging the public to replace uncertified or older wood stoves with newer forms of home heating with lower emission rates. These programs continue the future whenever the funds are available. programs �.v will w� "`� �� in the 5.8 Additional Measures If the control, contingency, and mitigation measures discussed in Sections 5.5, 5.6, and 5.7 are not successful in preventing a future violation of the CO NAAQS, the plan and SIP will be amended to incorporate additional measures and rules as needed. 5.9 Transportation Emission Budgets Under a limited maintenance pian future emissions are not calculated and regional analysis of transportation plans and programs is not required. Therefore, no transportation emission budgets are developed. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/d raft_plan_001 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner Page 22 of 46 July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Appendix A, Bibliography Approved Washington SIPS, Federally Approved Washington State Implementation Plan for Air Quality, EPA ,Region 10, June 7, 2000. "Board Meeting Minutes", Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority, May 10, 2000. Carbon Monoxide Emissions Inventory for the Yakima Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Area, Yakima County Clean Air Authority, March 1, 1994. Carbon Monoxide Emissions Inventory Update - 1996 for the Yakima Nonattainment Area, Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority, December 1997. City of Yakima, Washington Evaluation of Mobile Source Carbon Monoxide Emissions in the Yakima CBD, City of Yakima, Public Works Department, August 1, 2000. Federal Register, Vol. 63, No. 21, Februaary 2, 1998. Frankel, Anita by Bonnie Thie, Letter to Joseph R. Williams, Washington Department of Ecology, Air Quality Program, "Exceptional Event Request for Carbon Monoxide (CO) Concentrations in Yakima", EPA, Region 10, OAQ-107, March 6, 1998. Identification of Exceptional Event: Exceedance of the National Ambiet Air Quality Standard for Carbon Monoxide - February 7, 1997, Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority, December 1997. Inventory Preparation and Quality Assurance Plan, Yakima Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Area, Department of Ecology, August 2000. Paisie, Joseph W., Memorandum to Air Branch Chiefs, Regions I - X, "Limited Maintenance Plan Option for Nonclassifiable CO Nonattainment Areas", EPA, Integrated Policy and Strategies Group (MD -15), Oct. 6, 1995. Rauh, Stan, 1999 Air Monitoring Data Quality Assessment Report,State of Washington, Department of Ecology, April 2000. Regulation 1 of the Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority, March 8, 2000 Restated Regulation I as amended, Yakima County Clean Air Authority, Oct. 13, 1993. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 23 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Technical Analysis Protocol for the Yakima Carbon M onoxide Nonattainment Area Limited Maintenance Plan and Redesignation Request, Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority and Department of Ecology, August 2000. Webster, Wallace F., Memorandum to Charles M. Stansel, YRCAA; Subject: Growth Adjustment Factors - CO Nonattainment Area, CO Emissions Analysis - CO Nonattainment Area; Yakima Valley Conference of Governments, April 4, 2000. Webster, Wallace F., Memorandum to Charles M. Stansel, YRCAA; Mobile 58 Input and Output Files - 1999 Base Year & TModel2 1999 Base Year Link Data for Yakima Carbon Monoxide Non -Attainment Area; Yakima Valley Conference of Governments, August 14, 2000. Williams, Joseph R.; Letter to Jim McCormick, Director, Air and Toxics Division (AT -082), EPA, Region 10; State of Washington, Department sof Ecology, March 24, 1994. Williams, Joseph R., Letter to Anita Frankel; EPA, Region 10, Office of Air Qtjality; State of Washington, Department of Ecology, January 30, 1998. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner Page 24 of 46 July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Appendix B, Technical Analysis Protocol /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 25 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Ciean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Appendix C, Inventory Preparation and Quality Assurance Pian /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 26 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Appendix D, Map of the Yakima CO Nonattainment Area /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_pian/draft_plan_001 Page 27 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Appendix D, Legal Description for the Yakima CO NAA 1Iinm/ Coordinates UTMW UTMN 689.06 5160.91 688.92 5165.05 690,35 5465.10 6904P 5164,63 691.31 5165.01 691.70 5164.07 692.42 5164.09 693.18 5162.80 6Q2.585161.61 693.66 5159.57 693.06 v ciGA GG 1 JJ.JJ 692.43 5160.32 682.05 5161.07 689.06 5160.91 Street - Intersection S 16th Ave / W Mead Ave S 16th Ave / Hthwy Ave E "1" St /N 1st St N 1st St/ E"G",St E"G" St N N 8th St N 8th St / Pitcher St Pitcher St / 1-82 Intrchge Nob Hill Blvd Intrchge Nob Hili Blvd intrchge Rudkin Road Intrchge S i st Old Town Rd / Mn St W Washington / S 1st St E Mead Ave / S 1st St S 16th Ave / W Mead Ave /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 28 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Appendix E, Statistical and Growth Information for the CO NAA Parameter Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Area22 Population 34.063 34,481 34,899 35,316 35,734 36,152 36,570 36,941 37,312 37,683 38,054 38,425 Persons per household 2.617 2.617 2.617 2.617 2.617 2.617 2.617 2.617 2.617 2.617 2.617 2.617 Households 13,016 13,176 13,335 13,495 13,655 13,814 13,974 14,116 14,258 14,399 14,541 14,683 Employment 17,165 17,708 18,251 18,794 19,337 19,880 20,423 20,805 21,187 21,568 21,950 22,332 City of Yakima Population Persons per household Households Employment 22 Webster, April 4, 2000 /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 29 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Parameter Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 City of Union Gap Population Persons per household Households �— Employment — /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 30 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Appendix F, Five Highest CO Concentrations Non -overlapping 8 Hour Averages in ppm Shaded Data is included for Information but not used in the Analysis Year and Location Concentrations in ppm by Ranking and Date Comments 18t High 2nd High 3`d High 4`h High 5th High 2000 Courthouse 3.1 Fri., Jan. 7th 3.0 Sat., Jan 1st 3.0 Wed., Jan. 12th 2.9 Sun., Jan. 2nd 2.9 Thu., Jan. 13th Jan., Feb., and Mar. data. Mar. is unvalidated data. 1999 Courthouse 5.6 Mon., Jan. 11th 4.8 Sat., Jan. 9th 4.8 Fri. Jan. 8th 4.8 Tue. Jan 50h 4.6 Wed. Jan. 6th 1998 Courthouse 5.5 Thu., Jan 15th 5.1 Wed., Jan. 14th 4.5 Fri., Jan. 16th 4.5 Fri, Dec. 4th 4.5 Sat., Dec. 5th 19 . . . ,iitlioUse' y :: �� . •i:lrt ..1:� _ i' .:s�� ::... .: ,�' a;R.4a .. `.. �.;. a:i:v ... .. .. -.. 3. a 's. -:: ••x. 71-7iie: M ..1-• :�k.,' ,��r, .a>,"• "n.. _ i „DeG.,•3t� �S X� ri axle � ... �: o. ti.' 3 !' .. i• -....e.. .. w � .et x _ 'ea :� ->,�_. t:2lNecl ,. i:i Vii ' 4�' ' '<r �'.:� x s� "�F;':a:: .1 �,7J: '�Pj� t uC c' 3..1 r "e4 �,i��F1. `�T fi:p. . hu" �'r: T,•+ ; �i. .x,.. ,Dec`:='- ( a. ;, .S : ( A � ,r;�:"< r rf L� �}t .. - ., 5:3ri. il]ec' ... �,;. �,. . , r �.� Y.�,� :f `•bit � '�5 til .�, '....{{ .. .. i > i ! s. "L1 :'Y'',';yl Y.xr `r. .; Fr. � its , 5r0'. at. .� .I S. ,• 1:F'i^j. rrlil iL�",t•, di tL, .t' (� � r i •£ ': �,'' T ^ n. ,. rE ::inc�:t. a�. L k✓ . �S.G:.S'.n,. "S;it'Y„ .t.i:{.. ...1, .. ;,�,.. '• ir'r' :�i:T��'•V. .R�4�a• ri4�, r• a?L .,v;l•�t.9._ ! tillor�itor-rke'-eat liSFied at-:fiirr]�2r�. �� :.: i,.,. -tri.. � '.ds:,.. J' sr .t "w^'� �, ..i... .G r .•fir 1" tt b t14. lf, c t ti lova i©rt do S e u) v&+•.. I �tK'a r}. .'�} a' • . �ir fa. ?' st' 1, �r1.,,cs, :�4... :��;,�# �� c'•a±r�.�i�• n e Y . 1997 Jade Tree 9.4 Fri., Jan 10th 8.7 Thu., Jan. 2nd 7.9 Thu., Jan. 9`h 7.5 Wed., Jan 22nd 7.5 Fri., Jan. 3rd Site discontinued on Mar. 27`n 1996 Jade Tree 8.4 Thu., Feb. 81h 7.4 Fri.,s%4 Jan. 12th a(Vlo O t {t 8e = ' 7.3 Thu., Jan. 11th 6.7 Tue., Dec. 5th Feb. 7, '96 exceptional event excused by EPA. Highest values trend to occur between the 2nd week of Dec. and the 2nd week of Feb.with the majority of the high values in the month of Jan. • /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 31 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Appendix G, Analysis of Meteorlogical Conditions for the Five Days Per Year with thy. Highest CO Monitor Values using NOAA Data from the Yakima Air Terminal Data in the Shaded Areas is not Included in the Analysis Date Day of Week Maximum Daily 8 Hr. CO Monitor Value Tvemper atLi a .r Wind Speed Ppm Yearly Maximum Minimum Average Rank Average - % Day s 4 MPH MPH 1996 - Monitor at the Jade Tree Restaurant Jan. 11 Thu. 7.3 4 45 24 35 41/ 251/ Jan. 12 Fri, 7.4 2 46 24 35 3 50 Average - 7.4 46 High Days, n=2 Monthly Average n=31 4.0 35 24 35 4 38 18 27 5 40 Difference +3.4 +11 +6 +8 -1 -2 Feb. 8 1 Monthly Average n=282/ Thu. 8.4 1 43 34 39 6 25 Difference 3.9 +4.5 41 +2 22 +12 32 7 0 erenc Nov. Monthly Average n = 30 r None 4/ /chasm/wpfi les/cha rl ie/SIP/CO/m aint_p lan/d raft_plan_001 Paget 32 of 6 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Date Day of Week Maximum Daily 8 Hr. CO Monitor Value Temperature 'F Wind Speed ppm Yearly Rank Maximum Minimum Average Average - MPH % Day s 4 MPH Difference Dec. 5 Tue. 6.7 5 28 5 17 3 75 Monthly Average n=31 --- 4.3 --- 31 15 23 4 13 Difference --- +2.4 --- -3 -10 -6 +1 +62 Average All High Days n=4 --- 7.5 --- 41 22 32 4 44 Season Average n=121 Difference 1997 - Monitor at the Jade Tree Restaurant Jan.2 Thu. 8.7 2 46 26 36 6 25 Jan. 3 Fri. 7.5 4 tie 44 19 32 7 38 Jan. 9 Thu. 7.9 3 39 25 32 2 100 Jan. 10 Fri. 9.4 1 41 22 32 2 75 Jan. 22 Wed. 7.5 4 33 23 28 1 75 Average High Days, n=5 --- 8.2 --- 41 23 32 4 63 Monthly Average n = 31 --- 4.4 --- 35 20 27 6 4 Difference --- +3.8 --- +6 +3 +5 -2 +59 Feb. None /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 33 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Date Monthly Average n = 28 Day Week n Maximum Daily 8 Hr. CO Monitor Value Temperature 'F Wind Speed ppm Yearly Rank Maximum Minimum Average Average - I % Day s 4 MPH I MPH 2.7 0 1997 - Monitor at the Yakima County Courthouse 5/ Nov. 100 ifferenc 63 Season Average n4120 Difference /chasm/wpfiles/chariie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner Page 34 of 46 July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Date Day of Week Maximum Daily 8 Hr. CO Monitor Value Temperature 'F Wind Speed ppm Yearly Rank Maximum Minimum Average Average - MPH % Day s 4 MPH 1998 - Monitor at the Yakima County Courthouse Jan. 14 Wed. 5.1 2 25 12 19 2 88 Jan. 15 Thu. 5.5 1 38 15 27 4 63 Jan. 16 Fri. 4.5 3 tie 36 23 30 3 57 Average - High Days, n =3 --- 5.0 --- 33 17 25 3 69 Monthly Average n=31 --- 2.6 --- 38 22 30 5 46 Difference --- +2.4 --- -5 -5 -5 -2 ; +23 Feb. None Monthly Average n = 28 --- 2.1 --- 48 30 39 5 46 Nov. None Monthly Average n = 30 --- 2.5 --- Dec. 4 Fri. 4.5 3 tie 42 19 31 4 38 Dec. 5 Sat. 6/ 4.5 3 tie 34 15 25 3 63 Average - High Days, n =2 --- 4.5 --- 38 17 28 4 51 Monthly Average n = 31 --- 2.6 --- 40 21 31 4 50 /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 35 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Date Day Maximum Daily 8 of Hr. CO Monitor Week Value Temperature 'F Wind Speed ppm Yearly Maximum Minimum Rank Difference +1.9 -2 -4 Average All High Days n-5 4.8 35 17 Average -3 26 Average - % Day s 4 MPH MPH 0 +1 3 62 Season Average n = 120 Difference Jan. 5 1 Tue. I 1999 - Monitor at the Yakima County Courthouse 4.8 2 tie 32 GV 26 3 50 Jan. 6 Wed. 4.6 5 43 26 35 2 75 Jan. 8 Fri. 4.8 2 tie 44 24 34 4 50 Jan. 9 Sat. 4.8 6/ Jan. 11 Mon. 5.6 2 tie 45 25 35 2 75 1 49 23 36 4 38 Average 4.9 High Days, n =5 Monthly Average n = 31 Difference Feb. 3.1 +1.8 None 43 44 -1 24 25 -1 33 34 -1 3 58 5 -2 46 +12 Monthly Average n = 28 1.5 48 29 38 7 0 Nov. None /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 36 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Date Day of Week Maximum Daily 8 Hr. CO Monitor Value Temperature 'F Wind Speed ppm Yearly Rank Maximum Minimum Average Average - MPH % Day s 4 MPH Monthly Average n = 30 --- 2.0 --- Dec. None Monthly Average n = 31 --- 2.0 --- 43 28 36 4 75 Average All High Days n=5 --- 4.9 --- 43 24 33 3 58 Season Average n = 120 Difference Summary Statistics for 5 Highest Maximum Value Days Per Year Mean - X --- 6.3 --- 40 21 31 3 57 Std. Dev. --- ±1.7 --- ±7 ±6 ±6 ±2 ±22 Number - n --- 19 --- 19 19 19 19 19 Range Low High --- 4.5 9.4 --- 25 49 5 34 17 39 1 7 25 100 Temp. > 32 'F No. --- --- --- 17 89 1 5 9 47 Temp. < 15 °F No. % --- --- --- 0 0 2 11 0 0 /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 37 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, e s�A 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Date Day of Week Maximum Daily 8 Hr. CO Monitor Value Temperature 'F Wind Speed ppm Yearly Rank Maximum I Minimum Average Average - % Day s 4 MPH MPH 95% Conf. Limits 7/ Upper Lower Summary Statistics for Average Monthly Values Jan. n = 4 4.0 38 21 29 5 37 Feb. n = 4 2.6 45 27 36 6 12 Nov. n = 4 Dec. n = 4 3.1 38 Summary Statistics for Average Seasonal Values from 1996 - 1999 Mean - Std. Dev. Number - n Range Low High Occurrence of High Annual Values Month Jan. 75 Feb. 5 Oct. 5 Nov. 0 Dec. 15 Day of Week Mon. - Fri. 90 Sat. 10 Sun. 0 Consecutive Day Events 1 Day 25 2 Day 60 3 Day 15 4 Day 0 Footnotes 1/ Reporting period was three hour intervals from 7 A. M. to 7 P. M. for Jan. And Feb. 1996 2/ Feb. 7, 1996 was an exceptional event recognized by EPA, Region 10. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/5IP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 38 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 3/ High value occurred outside of the normal CO season, so not included in the sample. 4/ Reporting period was three hour intervals for the entire day starting in Nov. 1996. 5/ Values are reported for information, but are not included in the analysis. 6/ Continuation of an event occurring on Friday evening with values dropping later in the day. 7/ For 2 -sided statistical t test, a = .025, df = 24. /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 39 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Appendix H, inventory Calculations, Documentation, and Quality Cnntroi =valuations - -.. ••... r.Y�Mc�a1V11J /chasm/wpfiles/chariie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner Page 40 of 46 July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Appendix 1, (City of Yakima Washington Evaluation of Mobile Source Carbon Monoxide Emissions in the Yakima CBD /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 41 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574=1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Appendix J, Days per Month with CO Values Greater than Specific Values Month Maximum Daily 8 Hour CO Monitor Level in ppm 4.0 I 4.5 I 5.0 1 5.5 I 6.0 I 6.5 I 7.0 I 7.5 I 7.6 1 8.0 2000 Jan. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Feb. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1999, n = 120 Jan. 7 I U 0 0 Feb. Nov. Dec. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 n Total 7 5 1 1 0 0/0 6 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 n 0 0 0 0 Jan. 3 2 1 0 0 1998, n = 120 0 0 0 0 Feb. 0 0 0 0 0 Nov. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Month Maximum Daily 8 Hour CO Monitor Level in ppm 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.6 8.0 Dec. Total 3 6 0 2 0 0 1 0 6 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1997, n = 120 Jan. Feb. 12 3 10 0 10 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 6 0 3 0 3 0 Nov. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0'= Dec. 12 7 4 3 2 1 1 0 0 /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/S'p/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 42 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Sta~:el, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016. Yakima, WA 98901 Voice 509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Total 28 17 14 11 10 9 7 3 3 '|2_.• , . ~ , % 23 14 12 9 8 - 8 6 33 D �� - , '� :, � 1996, n = 121 Jan. 13 10 8 5 2 2 2 0 O 8 '�. Feb. 11 9 9 4 1 1 1 0 O ^ .� 'i^�� ^x`/ � �' Nov. 13 8 8 1 1 0 O U 0 ' ^��` �/ D .::-� �`�47?�k�� Dec. 18 12 8 7 3 0 O D O 1- „' Month Maximum Daily 8 Hour CO Monitor Levein ppm 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.6 8.0 Total 55 39 33 17 7 3 3 D D C.�^ .- ok 45 32 27 14 6 2 2 O O 8 '�. Summary of Seasona Statistics for 1996 -. 1990.1n=481 Jan. 35 27 20 14 10 10 8 3 3 � ^^ �.::- Feb. 14 9 9 4 1 1 1 O 8 �`�47?�k�� Nov. 14 8 8 1 1 0 O O O �� Dec. 33 19 12 10 5 1 1 O O � ��,��f>��!�_ Total 96 63 49 29 17 12 10 3 3� �'/�,'�• : Aver., = n 4 24 16 12 7 4 3 2 1 <1 _� '=-�'�, �'�7 , �� . '� Range G- 55 2- 39 1 - 83 1 - 17 O- 10 O- S O - 7 O- D O- 3 - Aver. °/0 20 13 10 6 4 2 2 1 1 Range G- 45 2- 32 1 - 27 1 - 14 O- 8 O- 8 O- G O- 3 O- 3 ' /chaom/wofi|eo/chadie/8|P/CO/nloi raft oan_OD1 Page 43 of 46 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Findings 1 • 1% of the seasonal CO monitor values were � � �� _ l Iring a durinsevere winter in Jan. 1997. - NEJ►n• These all occurred during 2. 4% of the seasonal monitor values were > 6.0 ppm. 3. During the four year period the month of January had ther monitor values higher than 4.0 ppm. This is consistent with another umber sf that found the highest CO values occurred on weekdays betwee that December and mid-February, n mid - Conclusions 1. A monitor value > 7.65 n.,.-,.. should _ _, , .65 ppm should not occur without severe winter weather during a temperature inversion period. 2. Activation of an emergency traffic signalization program to red emissions on the major downtown arterial roads at 5.5 or 6.0 ppm vehicle one to five days could make a significant difference in preventing a monitor which lasts value > 7.65 ppm preventing a 3. An emergency program to control potentially „e ry higvalues average of 6% of the time during a winter CO s asonhshould which is used an acceptable to the public than other control measures, be much more /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 44 of Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised AugPustg21, 20006 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-1410, FAX (509) 574-1411 Appendix K, Adopted Rules /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Page 45 of 46 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority 6 So. Second St., Suite 1016, Yakima, WA 98901 Voice (509) 574-14i0, FAX X (5V9) 574-1411 Appendix L, List of Contributors Yakima Reegiona� Clean -- - --�•--�+�.� ��a►� t+ir Authority Ornelas, Les, Air Pollution Control Officer and Executive Director Pruitt, Gary, Operations Manager Stansel, Charles M., Planner, and plan author Washington State Dept. Of Ecology, Air Quality Program Bowman, Clint, Air Quality Modeler Carr, Paul David, Transportation Planner Otterson, Sally, Emission Inventory Coordinator Schneider, Douglas, Senior SIP Planner Weaver, Darrell, Meteorologist Planner Yakima Valley Conference of Governments Germainine Beveridge, Senior Transportation Planner Webster, Wallace F., Transportation Planner City of Yakima, WA, Public Works Dept. Christopherson, Gary, Traffic Signal Technician Davenport, Joan, Supervisory Traffic Engineer Waarvick, Chris, Director Willson, Shelly, Traffic Engineer U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 Elson, Wayne, Mobile Sources Lee, Christi, Washington Operations Officer Rose, Keith, Agency Liaison Officer CO Advisory Group Business Young, Bob, Central Washington Home Builders Assoc. City of Yakima Barnett, Clarence, Council Member Place, Mary, Mayor Puccinelli, Council Member Petroleum Industry Riley, Dan, Western States Petroleum Assoc. Smith, Rod, R. H. Smith Distributing /chasm/wpfiles/charlie/SIP/CO/maint_plan/draft_plan_001 Prepared by C. M. Stansel, Planner Page 46 of 46 July 31, 2000, Revised August 21, 2000 BUSINESS OF THE CITY COUNCIL YAKIMA, WASHINGTON AGENDA STATEMENT Item No. 6 For Meeting Of September 19, 2000 ITEM TITLE: Consideration of Resolution Authorizing City of Yakima Implementation of Carbon Monoxide Air Quality Contingency Measure in Cooperation with the Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority When Deemed Necessary SUBMITTED BY: Chris Waarvick, Director of Public Works CONTACT PERSON/TELEPHONE: Shelley Willson, Streets and Traffic Manager Joan Davenport, Supervising Traffic Engine SUMMARY EXPLANATION: In cooperation with the Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority, the City of Yakima proposes to implement a temporary traffic signal timing plan within the Yakima Central Business District in response to certain weather related situations which create above average Carbon Monoxide values primarily from vehicle emissions. This "CO Air Quality Contingency Measure" will be included in the CO Limited Maintenance Plan submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency. When approved, the Yakima area will receive attainment status with respect to the CO Standards of the Federal Clean Air Act and qualify Yakima for receiving funds under the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ). The proposed CO Air Quality Contingency Measure is the only contingency measure included in the CO Limited Maintenance Plan prepared by the YRCAA. Previous consideration was given to Countywide vehicle inspection and maintenance programs, or oxygenated fuel. Additionally, the current draft of the Limited Maintenance Plan includes proposed mitigation measures for upgrading the signal system in the Yakima CBD, as recommended by the City of Yakima. Council received the City of Yakima report on August 2, 2000 entitled "Evaluation of Mobile Source Carbon Monoxide Emissions in the Yakima CBD" which describes these items in detail. Resolution X Ordinance _Contract _ Other (Specify) report previously sent to Council Funding Source None necessary c, APPROVAL FOR SUBMITTAL: -5 City Mafiager STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends City Council approve Resolution. BOARD RECOMMENDATION: The Yakima Regional Clean Air Authority has endorsed the proposed Contingency and Mitigation Measures which will be included in the Limited Maintenance Plan submitted to EPA. COUNCIL ACTION: