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11-08-21 YTB Agenda
Code Administration (509) 575-6126 · Planning (509) 575-6183 · Office of Neighborhood & Development Services (509) 575-6101 Yakima Tree Board BIMONTHLY MEETING Zoom Virtual Meeting Monday, November 8, 2021 5:00 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. YTB Members: Lance Forsee, Jheri Ketcham, Daniel Layton, Chip Rognlie, Ken Tolonen City Planning Staff: Eric Crowell (Senior Planner) Agenda I. Approval of the Meeting Minutes from September 20, 2021 II. Presentation from DNR—Evergreen Communities Act and Grant Program III. Tree City USA Application due December 1, 2021 IV. Review of Current Street Tree List V. Staff Report—Chip Rognlie VI. For the Good of the Order VII. Adjourn Next Meeting: January 10, 2022 on Zoom To listen/watch this virtual meeting, please register with your name and email address here: https://cityofyakima.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_0T5eo1hWRTqPNYt76d7gcQ After registering, you will receive emailed instructions for joining the meeting online with your device or by calling in. The meeting will also be recorded and posted on the Y-PAC website. It shall be the responsibility of the tree board to study, investigate, develop, update, and administer a written plan for the care, preservation, pruning, planting, replanting, removal or disposition of trees and shrubs in parks, along streets and in other city-owned public areas. The tree board shall consider, investigate, make findings, report and make recommendations regarding any special matter or question coming within the scope of its work. Yakima Tree Board DRAFT Minutes of September 20, 2021 Board Members Present: Jheri Ketcham, Chip Rognlie, Ken Tolonen Absent and Excused: Lance Forsee, Daniel Layton City Staff: Eric Crowell (Senior Planner) ______________________________________________________________________________ Introduction and Welcome Jheri Ketcham convened the monthly meeting of the Yakima Tree Board at 5:00 p.m. in the 2nd Floor Conference Room at City Hall. Approval of the Meeting Minutes from July 19, 2021 Chip made the motion to approve the previous meeting’s minutes, and Jheri seconded the motion. The motion was passed by consensus. Status of Remote Meetings Eric announced that since the beginning of September, City Council meetings and board and committee meetings are being held remotely. Tree Board meetings are once again being held remotely over Zoom until further notice. As an aside, Jheri asked Eric if he had heard any recent news from DNR regarding grants; he said he hadn’t heard anything yet regarding grants and DNR’s new additional funding. Webinar—Manual for Standards in Practice: Urban & Community Forestry on September 22 at 9:00 a.m. (DNR) Eric will email the board members information regarding the webinar, and will provide everyone with the presentation if it’s made available after the webinar. Review of Proposed Scheduling Framework and Other Bylaws Eric presented the (updated) proposed Bylaws to the Board for their consideration, which included scheduling regular meetings for the second Monday of every other month, as was agreed upon at the July 19, 2021 meeting. Eric also explained the proposed decision-by-consensus model and that a motion be required only if there is disagreement over an item, along with during a public hearing regarding a dead or diseased tree on private property, since City Council will probably want to know how closely the Board voted. The Board approved the proposed Bylaws by consensus, which along with the scheduling included some other minor revisions. Eric will post them to the Tree Board website and they can be amended as needed in the future by the Board. Staff Report—Chip Rognlie Chip is working on budget numbers for the City’s annual Tree City USA application. For the Good of the Order Jheri mentioned that the Rotary Club of Yakima might be interested in working with the City on a tree project that could serve as helping to implement part of a future tree management plan. Colleen Adams-Schuppe at the Yakima Area Arboretum might be interested in starting a heritage tree program. Jheri wants to talk about the street tree list at the next meeting regarding any proposed revisions, as she’s noticed that Autumn Brilliance and October Glory have performed terribly in the wind, with ones reaching 30 feet in height snapping. She also mentioned the trees along Yakima Avenue appear to be in poor condition, and Chip noted that they generally only have a life expectancy of five to twenty years. Eric said that discussion could include creating a section for trees managed by the Downtown Association of Yakima. Chip and Eric will work on planning for a roaming outdoor meeting for the purpose of checking out the downtown trees, which could take place as a regular meeting or a special meeting. Adjournment The meeting was adjourned at 5:26 p.m. The next Yakima Tree Board meeting will be held on Monday, November 8, 2021 at 5:00 p.m. over Zoom. Co m m o n N a m e B o t a n i c a l N a m e V a r i e t i e s H e i gh t S p r e a d C o m m e n t s L a n d s c a p e F e a t u r e s Se r v i c e b e r r y A m e l a n c h i e r x g r a n d i f l o r a Au t u m n B r i l l i a n c e , P r i n c e s s Di a n a 2 0 - 2 5 ' 1 5 ' U s u a l l y m u l t i - t r u n k e d Fr a g r a n t , w h i t e f l o w e r c l u s t e r s i n e a r l y sp r i n g p r o d u c e p u r p l e - b l a c k b e r r i e s . Gr e e n l e a v e s t u r n r e d / o r a n g e i n f a l l Se r v i c e b e r r y A m e l a n c h i e r s p p . S n o w b u d 2 5 ' 1 5 ' Pa p e r b a r k M a p l e A c e r g r i s e u m 2 5 ' 2 0 ' S l o w g r o w e r b u t l o n g l i v e d Le a v e s e m e r g e r e d , m a t u r e t o g r e e n th e n b a c k t o r e d f o r f a l l He d g e M a p l e A c e r c a m p e s t r e 3 5 ' 3 5 ' Da r k g r e e n l e a v e s t u r n b r i g h t y e l l o w i n fa l l Mi y a b e M a p l e A c e r m i y a b e i Ru g g e d R i d g e , S t a t e S t r e e t , Mo r t o n 35 - 4 5 ' 3 0 ' D a r k g r e e n l e a v e s t u r n y e l l o w i n f a l l Am u r M a p l e A c e r g i n n a l a F l a m e 2 0 ' 2 0 ' Ja p a n e s e M a p l e A c e r p a l m a t i u m Se r i y u , O s a k a z u k i , Sh i n d e s h o j o 1 5 - 2 5 ' 1 0 - 1 5 ' Va r i e t i e s g o o d f o r w i n d a n d h e a t : S e r i y u , an d O s a k a z u k i ; G o o d f o r a f t e r n o o n sh a d e : S h i n d e s h o j o Mu s t h a v e w a t e r , e s p e c i a l l y i m p o r t a n t wh e n t r e e g o e s i n t o w i n t e r No r w a y M a p l e A c e r p l a t a n o i d e s C o l u mn a r e , C r i m s o n S e n t r y 3 0 - 3 5 ' 1 5 ' Pr o n e t o i c e d a m a g e — s t i c k w i t h t h e s e na r r o w f o r m s Ho r n b e a m , A m e r i c a n C a r p i n u s c a r o l i n i a n a 3 0 ' 2 0 ' G r e e n l e a v e s t u r n g o l d e n y e l l o w i n f a l l Ca t a l p a U m b r e l l a C a t a l p a b u n g e i ' n a n a ' 1 8 - 2 0 ' 1 8 - 2 0 ' L a r g e h e a r t s h a p e d l e a v e s Co r n e l i a n C h e r r y D o g w o o d C o r n u s m a s 1 8 ' 1 5 ' Do g w o o d , e a s t e r n C o r n u s f l o r i d a 1 5 - 2 0 ' 1 5 - 2 0 ' Pr o t e c t fro m a fte r n o o n s u n . L e a v e s w i ll ge t c r i s p y Fl o w e r i n g p i n k i n A p r i l Ko u s a o r K o r e a n D o g w o o d & f a m i l y C o r n u s k o u s a Ve n u s , C h i n e n s i s , E d d i e ' s Wh i t e W o n d e r , S t e l l e r s p i n k , Sa t o m i 2 0 ' 2 0 ' Bl o o m s l a t e s p r i n g . A b i t t o u g h e r t h a n th e c o r n u s f l o r i d a Me d i u m g r e e n l e a v e s t u r n r e d f o r f a l l . Fl o w e r c o l o r s v a r y f r o m v a r i e t y t o v a r i e t y of w h i t e s a n d l i k e p i n k s Ea s t e r R e d b u d C e r c i s c a n a d e n s i s Ok l a h o m a , M e r l o t , B u r g u n d y He a r t s , F o r e s t P a n s y 2 0 ' 2 5 ' M a g e n t a f l o w e r s e a r l y s p r i n g Ch i n e s e F r i n g e T r e e C h i o n a n t h u s r e t u s u s 2 0 ' 2 0 ' Ca n b e s h r u b y i f n o t t r a i n e d t o a s i n g l e le a d e r Fr a g r a n t s p r a y s o f w h i t e f l o w e r s Ho n e y L o c u s t G l e d i t s i a t r i a c o n t h o s I m p e r ia l 3 0 ' 3 0 ' A n y t h o r n l e s s , s e e d l e s s v a r i e t y Go l d e n C h a i n , V o s s i L a b u r n u m x w a t e r e r i ' v o s s i i ' 2 5 ' 2 0 ' A l l p a r t s p o i s o n o u s Ab u n d a n t c l u s t e r s o f y e l l o w f l o w e r s i n sp r i n g Sp r i n g S n o w C r a b a p p l e M a l u s s p . S p r i n g S n o w Fr u i t l e s s v a r i e t y , f l o w e r i n g w h i t e i n sp r i n g Am u r M a a k i a M a a c k i a a m u r e n s i s 2 5 ' 25 ' T o l e r a n t o f m a n y c o n d i t i o n s Ja p a n e s e S t e w a r t i a S t e w a r t i a p s e u d o c a m e l l i a 2 0 - 3 0 ' 2 0 - 3 0 ' L i ke s a f t e r n o o n s h a d e S u m m e r f l o w e r i n g , e x f o l i a t i n g b a r k Ja p a n e s e T r e e L i l a c S y r i n g a r e t i c u l a t a I v o r y S i l k 2 5 ' 1 5 ' Ja p a n e s e S n o w b e l l S t y r a x j a p o n i c a 2 0 - 2 5 ' 2 0 - 2 5 ' Re c o m m e n d e d T r e e s SM A L L T R E E S U N D E R 3 0 ' - S t r i p s > 5 ' & < 1 0 ' - O k a y u n d e r u t i l i t y l i n e s Co m m o n N a m e B o t a n i c a l N a m e V a r i e t i e s H e i gh t S p r e a d C o m m e n t s L a n d s c a p e F e a t u r e s So u r w o o d O x y d e n d r u m a r b o r e u m 2 0 - 2 5 ' 1 0 - 1 5 ' P r e f e r s s o il o f 7 . 2 o r l e s s . S l o w g r o w i n g I n t e n s e f a l l c o l o r Go l d e n D e s e r t A s h F r a x i n u s e x c e l s i o r 2 5 ' 3 5 ' G o o d s t r e e t t r e e Pe r s i a n P a r r o t i a P a r r o t i a p e r c i c a 2 0 - 4 0 ' 2 0 - 3 0 ' G o o d l a n d s c a p e a n d s t r e e t t r e e Sa r g e n t C h e r r y P r u n s s a r g e n t i i P i n k F l a i r 2 5 ' 1 5 ' Bi r c h , S u m m e r C a s c a d e Be t u l a n i g r a ' s u m m e r ca s c a d e ' 1 2 - 1 5 ' 8 - 1 0 ' B r o n z e bi r c h b e a v e r r e s i s t a n t Gr e e n l e a v e s t h a t t u r n g o l d e n y e l l o w . Wi n t e r i n f o r e s t c r a m y b r o w n b a r k t h a t ex f o l i a t e s Sw e e t g u m L i q u i d a m b a r s t y r a c i f l u a Em e r a l d S e n t i n e l , 'C l y d e s f o r m ' 30 ' 1 2 ' Pr o n e t o i c e d a m a g e — s t i c k w i t h n a r r o w fo r m s Gr e e n l e a v e s t u r n i n g t o y e l l o w / o r a n g e to n e Ze l k o v a Z e l k o v a s e r r a t a W i r e l e s s , V i l l a g e G r ee n 2 4 ' 3 6 ' G o o d l a n d s c a p e a n d s t r e e t t r e e Re c o m m e n d e d T r e e s SM A L L T R E E S U N D E R 3 0 ' - S t r i p s > 5 ' & < 1 0 ' - O k a y u n d e r u t i l i t y l i n e s Co m m o n N a m e B o t a n i c a l N a m e V a r i e t i e s H e i gh t S p r e a d C o m m e n t s L a n d s c a p e F e a t u r e s Hy d r a n g e a H y d r a n g e a p a n i c u l a t a 1 0 - 1 5 ' 1 0 - 1 5 ' S h r u b La r g e p a n i c l e o r p a i n t e d c l u s t e r o f w h i t e fl o w e r s . I n s u m m e r l e a v e f l o w e r s t o d r y Oa k l e a f H y d r a n g e a H y d r a n g e a q u e r c i f o l i a S h r u b Wi t c h h a z e l H a m a m e l i s x i n t e r m e d i a 6 - 8 ' 6 - 8 ' S h r u b Co m p a c t B u r n i n g B u s h E u o y m u s a l a t a ' c o m p a c t a ' C o m p a c t a 5 - 6 ' 5 ' S h r u b Ch o k e b e r r y A r o n i a m e l a n o c a r p a A u t u m n M a g i c 5 - 6 ' 5 - 6 ' S h r u b wh i t e f l o w e r s i n s p r i n g , d a r k g r e e n l e a v e s tu r n b r i g h t r e d t o p u r p l e t o n e s . I n f a l l , Vi b u r n u m , S n o w b a l l t r e e ( N o t re c o m m e n d e d — m a n y o t h e r s u p e r i o r fo r m s ) V i b u r n u m o p u l u s ' S t e r i l e ' 1 0 ' 1 0 ' S h r u b Gr e e n l e a v e s t u r n t o r e d t o n e s i n f a l l . B a l l sh a p e d c l u s t e r s o f w h i t e f l o w e r s c o v e r tr e e i n M a y Vi b u r n u m s p p . ki l m a n j a r o , C o m p a c t u s , Sh a s t a Sh r u b Do g w o o d , V a r i e g a t e d R e d T w i g Co r n u s a l b a a r g e n t e o - ma r g i n a t a 6 - 1 0 ' 5 - 8 ' A l s o , n a t i v e r e d t w i g d o g w o o d Re d s t e m s a r e g r e a t f o r w i n t e r i n t e r e s t . Gr e e n w i t h w h i t e m a r g i n s a r e g r e a t f o r su m m e r i n t e r e s t Sm o k e T r e e C o t i n u s c o g g y g r i a 1 5 - 2 0 ' 1 5 - 2 0 ' S h r u b y Fo l i a g e c o l o r r a n g e s f r o m g r e e n t o p u r p l e re d w i t h b r i l l i a n t r e d a n d o r a n g e f a l l co l o r . I n l a t e s p r i n g , c l u s t e r s o f s m o k e y pu r p l e p u f f l i k e p a r i c l e s f l o w e r s a p p e a r Pe a s h r u b , S i v e r i a n ( S U C K E R S ) C a r a g an a a r b o r e s c e n s 8 - 1 0 ' 6 - 8 ' H a s t h o r n s Gr e e n l e a v e s t h a t t u r n a r e y e l l o w - b r o w n in f a l l . I n s p r i n g , h a s s m a l l y e l l o w p e a - sh a p e d f l o w e r s Fo r s y t h i a s p r i n g g l o r y ( S U C K E R S ) Fo r s y t h i a x i n t e r m e d i a ' s p r i n g gl o r y ' 10 ' 1 0 ' S h r u b SH R U B S - S t r i p s > 5 ' & < 1 0 ' - O k a y u n d e r u t i l i t y l i n e s Re c o m m e n d e d T r e e s Co m m o n N a m e B o t a n i c a l N a m e V a r i e t i e s H e i gh t S p r e a d C o m m e n t s L a n d s c a p e F e a t u r e s Re d M a p l e A c e r r u b r u m Au t u m n B l a m e , B r a n d y w i n e , Oc t o b e r G l o r y , N o r t h w o o d , Ar m s t r o n g , R e d p o i n t e 4 0 - 6 0 ' 4 0 - 6 0 ' No r w a y M a p l e A c e r P l a t a n a i d e s P r o n e t o s t e m f a i l u r e 45 - 6 0 ' 4 0 - 6 0 ' D a r k g r e e n t u r n s g o l d e n y e l l o w i n f a l l Ac e r P l a t a n a i d e s Em e r a l d Q u e e n , D e b o r a h ea s y S t r e e t , C r i m s o n K i n g , Et c . Ma p l e , P a r k w a y A c e r p l a t a n o i d e s C o l u m n a r e b r e a d 4 0 ' 2 5 ' D a r k g r e e n t u r n g o l d e n y e l l o w i n f a l l Su g a r M a p l e A c e r s a c c h a r i n u m S i l v e r C l o u d 5 0 - 6 0 ' 3 0 ' Br i g h t g r e e n l e a v e s w i t h b r i g h t y e l l o w f a l l co l o r Su g a r M a p l e A c e r s a c c h a r i n u m S i l v e r Q u e e n 5 0 ' 4 0 ' Br i g h t g r e e n l e a v e s w i t h b r i g h t y e l l o w f a l l co l o r Su g a r M a p l e A c e r s a c c h a r i n u m G r e e n M o u n t a i n 5 0 - 7 0 ' 3 5 - 4 0 ' T h e A r b o r e t u m ' s a r e f a i l i n g Me d i u m g r e e n c o l i a g e t h a t t u r n s o r a n g e in f a l l Fr e e m a n M a p l e A c e r x f r e e m a n i i Ar m s t r o n g ( c o l u m n a r f o r m ) , Au t u m n B l a z e 5 0 - 6 0 ' 4 0 ' Da r k g r e e n f o l i a g e t h a t t u r n s o r a n g e , r e d an d y e l l o w i n f a l l . C o l o r c h a n g e a n d f a l l co l o r v a r i e s b y v a r i e t y Bo x e l d e r A c e r n e g u n d o s e n s a t i o n a n d v a r i e g at e d 3 5 ' 2 5 - 3 0 ' C a n a t t r a c t b o x e l d e r b u g s Se n s a t i o n h a s g r e e n l e a v e s t h a t t u r n r e d . Va r i e g a t e d h a s g r e e n w i t h w h i t e e d g e d le a v e s Bl a c k A l d e r A l n u s g l u t i n o s a 4 0 - 7 0 ' 2 0 - 4 0 ' N i t r o g e n f i x e r Ri v e r B i r c h B e t u l a n i g r a D u r a - H e a t 4 0 - 5 0 ' 3 0 - 4 0' H e a t a n d B r o n z e B i r c h B o r e r r e s i s t a n t Gr e e n l e a v e s t u r n t o g o l d e n y e l l o w i n f a l l . Ha s e x f o l i a t i n g b a r k o f c r e a m , o r a n g e an d b r o w n . B a r k c o l or v a r i e s b y v a r i e t y Ho r n b e a m , E u r o p e a n C a r p i n u s b e t u l u s 4 0 - 6 0 ' 2 5 - 4 0 ' G r e e n l e a v e s t u r n g o l d e n y e l l o w i n f a l l Am e r i c a n Y e l l o w w o o d C l a d r a s t i s l u t e a 3 0 - 5 0 ' 4 0 - 5 0 ' Ka t s u r a C e r c i d i p h y l l u m j a p o n i c u m Re d F o x ( s h o r t e r v a r i e t y w i t h pu r p l e l e a v e s ) 40 ' 4 0 ' C o m p a c t e d s o i l c a n b e a p r o b l e m Th i n b a r k c a n s u n b u r n . P r o t e c t y o u n g ba r k i n w i n t e r Ca t a l p a , P u r p l e C a t a l p a x e r u b e s c e n s 4 0 ' 3 0 ' N e w g r o w t h i s p u r p l e Le a v e s e m e r g e p u r p l e a n d m a t u r e t o gr e e n . F l o w e r i n l a t e s p r i n g w i t h c l u s t e r s of w h i t e b l o o m s . Co m m o n h a c k b e r r y C e l t i s o c c i d e n t a l i s 5 0 - 7 5 ' 5 0 ' LA R G E R T R E E S - O V E R 3 0 ' - D O N O T P L A N T U N D E R P O W E R L I N E S Re c o m m e n d e d T r e e s Fe r n - l e a v e d b e e c h F a g u s s y l v a t i c a A s p l e n i f o l i a 8 0 ' 4 5 ' No t a s t r e e t t r e e b u t i f y o u h a v e t h e ro o m i t ' s a g r e a t t r e e f o r t h e y a r d Ri v e r s P u r p l e B e e c h F a g u s s y l v a t i c a Ri v e r s i i 5 0 ' 4 0 ' Pu r p l e l e a v e s LA R G E R T R E E S - O V E R 3 0 ' - D O N O T PL A N T U N D E R P O W E R L I N E S - c o n t i n u e d Co m m o n N a m e B o t a n i c a l N a m e V a r i e t i e s H e i gh t S p r e a d C o m m e n t s L a n d s c a p e F e a t u r e s Tr i c o l o r B e e c h F a g u s s y l v a t i c a R o s e o m a r g i n a t a 40 - 4 5 ' 3 5 - 5 0 ' Ho n e y L o c u s t G l e d i t s i a t r i a c a n t h o s S h a d e m a s t e r , S k y l i n e 3 0 - 7 0 ' 3 0 - 7 0 ' Gi n g k o ( M a t e s t r a i n s ) G i n g k o b i l o b a ( m a l e ) Pr i n c e t o n S e n t r y , S a r a t o g a Au t u m n G o l d 45 - 5 0 ' 2 5 - 4 0 ' Ke n t u c k y C o f f e e T r e e G y m n o c l a d u s d i o i c a 5 0 ' 3 5 ' To l e r a n t t o o u r a r e a . G r e e n l e a v e s t u r n ye l l o w f o r f a l l . Go l d e n r a i n t r e e K o e l r e u t e r i a p a n i c u l a t a 3 0 - 4 0 ' 3 0 ' In l a t e s p r i n g , p a n i c l e s o f y e l l o w b l o o m s co v e r t h e t r e e . S e e d p o o l s r e s e m b l e Ch i n e s e l a z a r u s . Sw e e t g u m L i q u i d a m b a r s t y r a c i f l u a ‘ S l e n d e r S i l h o u e t t e ’ 5 0 ' 5 ' V e r y s l e n d e r f o r m Tu l i p T r e e L i r i o d e n d r o n t u l i p i f e r a 7 0 - 9 0 ' 3 5 - 5 0 ' Gr e e n t u l i p - s h a p e d l e a v e s t u r n y e l l o w i n fa l l Am e r i c a n H o p h o r n b e a m O s t r y a v i r g i n i a n a 2 0 -4 0 ' 2 5 ' A d a p t i v e t r e e w i t h g r e e n l e a v e s Am u r C o r k T r e e P h e l l o d e n d r o n a m u r e n s e 4 0 ' 3 5 ' D a r k g r e e n l e a v e s t h a t t u r n y e l l o w i n f a l l Sy c a m o r e , L o n d o n P l a n e T r e e P l a t a n u s x a c e r i f o l i a Va r i e t i e s r e s i s t a n c t t o An t h r a c n o s e : B l o o d g o o d , co l u m b i a a n d l i b e r t y 9 0 ' 5 0 ' A n t h r a c n o s e r e s i s t a n t Du r a b l e t r e e s t h a t a r e f o r l a r g e a r e a s th a t n e e d q u i c k s h a d e . Sa r g e n t C h e r r y P r u n u s s a r g e n t i i 4 0 ' Sc a r l e t O a k Q u e r c u s c o c c i n e a 7 5 ' 5 0 ' G r e e n l e a v e s t u r n s r u s t y r e d i n f a l l Fo r e s t G r e e n O a k Q u e r c u s f r a i n e t t o 5 0 ' 3 0 ' Da r k g l o s s y g r e e n l e a v e s w i t h y e l l o w f a l l co l o r Pi n O a k Q u e r c u s p a l u s t r i s Wi l l o w O a k Q u e r c u s p h e l l o s 4 0 - 7 0 ' Bu r O a k Q u e r c u s m a c r o c a r p a 6 0 - 8 0 ' 6 0 - 8 0 ' W i l l g e t v e r y l a r g e Gr e e n l e a v e s w i t h d e e p l y l o b e d l e a v e s . Tu r n s y e l l o w i n f a l l Ch i n k a p i n O a k Q u e r c u s m u e h l e n b e r g i i 5 0 ' 5 0 ' D a r k g r e e n w i t h y e l l o w f a l l c o l o r s No r t h e r n R e d o a k Q u e r c u s r u b r a 5 0 - 6 0 ' 5 0 ' G r e e n l e a v e s t h a t t u r n o r a n g e - r e d i n f a l l Sa w t o o t h O a k Q u e r c u s a c u t i s s i m a 4 0 - 5 0 ' Sh u m a r d o a k Q u e r c u s s h u m a r d i i 4 0 - 6 0 ' Li t t l e l e a f L i n d e n T i l i a c o r d a t a 6 0 - 8 0 ' 3 0 - 3 5 ' Gr e e n l e a v e t u r n y e l l o w f o r f a l l . I n J u n e , cl u s t e r s o f s m a l l , f r a g r a n t , y e l l o w f l o w e r s ap p e a r . Si l v e r L i n d e n T i l i a t o m e n t o s a 8 0 ' 4 0 ' Re c o m m e n d e d T r e e s Am e r i c a n L i n d e n T i l i a a m e r i c a n a 4 0 - 6 0 ' 2 5 - 3 0 ' Gr e e n l e a v e s t u r n y e l l o w i n f a l l . I n J u n e , cl u s t e r s o f s m a l l f r a g r a n t y e l l o w f l o w e r s ap p e a r . La c e b a r k e l m U l m u s p a r v i f o l i a ' A l l e e ' 5 0 ' 3 5 ' Du t c h e l m d i s e a s e r e s i s t a n t , v a r i e t i e s av a i l a b l e Gl o s s y d a r k g r e e n f o l i a g e t h a t t u r n s ye l l o w - o r a n g e t o r u s t r e d . Co m m o n N a m e B o t a n i c a l N a m e H e i g h t S p r e a d C o m m e n t s L a n d s c a p e F e a t u r e s Fi r , C o n c o l o r b l u e ( w h i t e ) A b i es c o n c o l o r c o n i o n s b l u e 3 0 ' 1 5 - 3 0 ' Ce d a r , B l u e A t l a s C e d r u s a t l a n t i c a 3 0 - 4 0 ' 2 0 - 3 0 ' Sp r u c e , C o l o r a d o P i c e a P u n g e n s 4 0 - 6 0 ' 2 0 - 2 5 ' R e q u i r e s r e g u l a r w a t e r i n g Pi n e S c o t c h P i n u s s y l v e s t r i s 4 0 - 6 0 ' 2 0 - 2 5 ' Gi a n t S e q u o i a S e q u o i a d e n d r o n g i g a n t e u m 5 0 ' 3 0 ' Ce d a r , w e s t e r n r e d T h u j a p l i c a t a 5 0' 2 0 - 3 0 ' N e e d s w i n t e r w a t e r i n g Ea s t e r n R e d C e d a r j u n i p e r u s v i r g i n i a n a 4 0 ' 1 0 ' T o l e r a n t o f a d v e r s e c o n d i t i o n s Ja p a n e s e C r y p t o m e r i a c r y p t o m e r i a j a p o n i c a 5 0 - 6 0 ' 2 5 ' Ce d a r o f L e b a n o n c e d r u s l i b a n i ' s t e n o c o m a ' 4 0 - 5 0 ' 3 0 - 5 0 ' S l o w g r o w i n g Da w n R e d w o o d Me t a s e q u o i a gl y p t o s t r o b o i d e s 70 ' 2 5 ' D e c i d u o u s We e p i n g A l a s k a C e d a r Ch a m a e c y p a r i s n o o t k a t e n s i s 'P e n d u l a ' t e n i s 6 0 - 9 0 ' 2 0 - 3 0 ' EV E R G R E E N T R E E S - L A R G E A R E A S Re c o m m e n d e d T r e e s Co m m o n N a m e B o t a n i c a l N a m e H e i g h t S p r e a d C o m m e n t s L a n d s c a p e F e a t u r e s Fi r , H o r s t m a n n K o r e a n Ab i e s k o r e a n a ' h o r s t m a n n ' s si l b e r l o c k e ' 12 - 1 5 ' 8 - 1 0 ' N e e d s w i n t e r w a t e r Ce d a r i n c e n s e C a l o c e d r u s d e c u r r e n s 30 - 4 0 ' 4 3 0 2 8 N e e d s w i n t e r w a t e r ce d a r , b l u e a t l a s h y b r i d s , g r a n n y l o u i s e , hi m o l a n o n b l u e , w e e p i n g p e n d u l a C e d r u s a t l a n t i c a h y b r i d s 2 0 - 3 0 ' 1 5 - 2 0 ' Ce d a r , d e o d a r f a m i l y C e d r u s d e o d a r a h y b r id s 2 0 - 3 0 ' 4 3 0 2 8 B e s t p r o t e c t e d f r o m w i n d Ce d a r , W e e p i n g A l a s k a n Cl a m a e c y p a i r n o o t k a t e n s i s 'p e n d u l a ' 20 - 3 0 ' 4 3 0 2 8 Hi n o k i C y p r e s s a n d f a m i l y C h a m a e c y p a r i s o b t u s a 5 - 1 2 ' 3 - 1 5 ' A f t e r n o o n s h a d e n e e d e d Ju n i p e r , T o l l e s o n ' s B l u e W e e p i n g J u n i p e r u s s c o p u l o r u m 1 0 - 2 0 ' 1 0 - 1 5 ' Sp r u c e , s e r b i a n f a m i l y b r u n s w e e p i n g dw a r f Pi c e a o m o r i k a h y b r i d s 6 - 1 5 ' 1 0 - 1 1 5 sp r u c e c o l o r a d o h y b r i d s f a t a l b e r t h o o p s i ba c h e r i , e t c . Pi c e a p u n g e n s h y b r i d s 1 5 - 3 0 ' 8 - 1 5 ' Re q u i r e s r e g u l a r w a t e r , n o t v e r y d r o u g h t to l e r a n t Pi n e , B r i s t l e c o n e P i n u s a r i s t a t a 2 0 ' 8 ' C a n b e h a r d t o f i n d Pi n e , V a n d e r w o l f ' s P y r a m i d P i n u s v a n d e r w o l f p y r a m i d 2 0 - 2 5 ' 1 0 - 1 5 ' Pi n e , b o s n i a r e d c o n e P i n u s h e l d r e i c h i i l e u c o d e r m i s 2 0 ' 1 0 ' Pi n e , T h u n d e r h e a d P i n u s ' t h u n d e r h e a d ' 1 0 - 1 2 ' 1 0 - 1 2 ' Pi n e , D w a r f E a s t e r n W h i t e P i n u s s t r o b u s ' n o n o ' 6 - 1 0 ' Pi n e , D w a r f J a p a n e s e R e d Pi n u s d e n s i f l o r i a 'u n b r a c u l i f e r a ' 10 - 1 5 ' R e d d i s h / o r a n g e e x f l o i a t i n g b a r k Pi n e , J a p a n e s e U m b r e l l a S c i a d o p i t y s v e r t i c i l l a t a 2 0 - 3 0 ' Sl o w g r o w i n g , p r o t e c t f r o m h o t af t e r n o o n s u n EV E R G R E E N T R E E S - S M A L L A R E A S Re c o m m e n d e d T r e e s Small trees for small places 100 tree species for use adjacent to power lines Let’s turn the answers on. Planting the right tree in the right place........................................................................................................ 1 Pruning trees in proximity to distribution lines ......................................................................................... 4 Choosing a tree – hardiness and other considerations ....................................................................... 5 100 tree species to use adjacent to power lines ..................................................................................... 6 How to plant a tree ................................................................................................................................................ 11 Planting trees for energy efficiency Environmental benefits Tree maintenance Safety matters Index of common tree species ....................................................................................................................... 13 Resources for more information ................................................................................................................... 15 Table of contents 100 TREE SPECIES FOR USE ADJACENT TO POWER LINES i MOUNTAINASH SPECIES Sorbus sp. Selecting and planting trees Trees beautify and improve our environment. The trees featured in this booklet were chosen to simplify the process of selecting trees to plant near power lines and enhance the landscape. There also are tips on planting trees for energy efficiency, and reminders for staying safe around electricity. For additional help with planting decisions, pruning questions and safety concerns, please call toll free at 1-888-221-7070 or visit pacificpower.net/trees. Author: Randall H. Miller Director of Vegetation Management Pacific Power Acknowledgements: Dr. Richard Hildreth, Education Director, Red Butte Garden and Arboretum, University of Utah (retired); Dr. Michael R. Kuhns, Cooperative Extension Forestry Specialist, Utah State University and Dennis Lueck Consulting Urban Forester and Horticulturist, Eugene, Oregon for technical review of the manuscript. Dr. Gene Milbrath, Plant Pathologist, Oregon Department of Agriculture (retired) reviewed the species list for possible disease problems. With care and good stewardship, trees provide both aesthetic and economic benefits. Trees are incredibly diverse and beautiful. All sizes. All colors. And, as a drive through any neighborhood reveals, trees are familiar and often dominant elements in landscaping plans. Trees are engines that convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, thereby helping contribute to efforts that offset the production of carbon dioxide from coal-fired power plants, automobiles and other industrial processes. They control erosion and can dampen wind or sound. And, trees can play a significant role in controlling energy use if used as part of an energy conservation strategy. Trees are of extreme interest to electric utilities for a number of reasons. For all the good they do, it’s not all greenery and scenery. Trees whipped by winds or weighed down by snow will often cause power interruptions that disrupt business or home life, as well as compromise critical services such as hospitals and police. They are a common cause of electric service interruptions. Furthermore, improper or careless pruning or falling of trees is a leading cause of serious and fatal accidents involving contact with power lines. But the good far outweighs the bad. That’s why we’ve put together important information on how to make sure trees and power lines can peacefully coexist, without compromising safety or reliability. First, there are different types of high-voltage lines, and utilities have to manage each differently based on their importance. Planting the right tree in the right place 1 100 TREE SPECIES PAPERBARK MAPLE Acer griseum FOR USE ADJACENT TO POWER LINES 2 Low-growing trees (under 25 feet when mature) may be planted adjacent to overhead power lines. Plant medium trees (25 to 35 feet when mature) at least 25 feet away from overhead power lines. Plant large trees (over 35 feet when mature) at least 50 feet away from over- head power lines. Trees and shrubs should be planted at least 10 feet away from ground-mounted transformers. 50 40 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Distribution lines are those commonly running through neighborhoods. An outage to a distribution line could affect hundreds or even thousands of electric customers. That’s why utilities and cities across the country are asking homeowners to plant adjacent to these power lines only those species of trees that will grow to 25 feet or less at maturity. Medium-statured trees (those 25 to 35 feet tall at maturity) should be planted no closer than 25 feet away from the center line, and tall-growing trees (those that will be taller than 35 feet at maturity) ought not to be planted any closer than 50 feet from the center distribution line. The middle wire on the power pole is considered the center line. The center line is the measuring point used to determine the distance for tree-height planting zones around power lines. The zones apply to an equal distance on both sides of the center line. See the figure below. Planting near distribution lines 3 100 TREE SPECIES zone.” Low-growing trees are allowed in a border zone that extends from ten feet to the sides of the wires (not the center line of the right of way) out to the right of way edge. Medium- type trees may be planted no closer than 30 feet to the side of wires, and tall-statured trees should be planted no closer than 50 feet from the closest wires. The figure below shows the areas around the power lines and towers that should be kept clear. Where the lines are 50 to 100 feet off the ground, low-growing trees may be planted throughout the right of way. Medium- and tall-growing trees may grow where the line is 100 feet in height or more. Any imminently hazardous trees in any zone will be removed for your safety and the integrity of the power system. Transmission lines are high-voltage lines that carry far more energy than distribution lines, between 46,000 and 500,000 volts on our system. These lines are on the tallest, often multi-poled wooden or steel structures. They are the arteries of the electric grid, and outages on these lines could affect many thousands of customers. There have been extreme cases where trees contacting transmission lines have initiated blackouts that have left millions of people without electricity. Given the potentially dire consequences a conflict between trees and transmission lines could have on public safety and service reliability, trees typically must be removed from directly below transmission lines, at least where the lines are less than 50 feet off the ground. This area is called the “wire This booklet contains descriptions of 100 smaller-growing tree species that can be planted adjacent to distribution lines or in the border zone of transmission lines. It is a guide for people who live in Pacific Power’s service area. This diverse region includes deserts, temperate rain forests, mountain peaks, seacoast, alkaline to acid soil reactions, and minimum winter temperatures ranging from barely freezing to minus 40°F. While not all trees will survive in any given location, there will be any number that could work for a particular location in our service area. This list is not exhaustive. However, it does give an idea of the depth of choices available. Local arborists and nurseries can provide other options, but if you plant your new tree around power lines, it is important that whatever tree is chosen for use in proximity to power lines does not grow to more than 25 feet at maturity. FLAMELEAF SUMAC Rhus copallina Planting near transmission lines Pruning trees in proximity to distribution lines FOR USE ADJACENT TO POWER LINES 4 Common shapes of properly pruned trees Pruning is an important part of providing as safe and reliable electrical service as possible. We take pride in having a professional tree maintenance program. In fact, we’ve been recognized with the Tree Line USA award for several years in a row by the National Arbor Day Foundation for our vegetation management and tree-pruning practices. We hire professional arborists to maintain a safe corridor around power lines. Many of our arborists are certified by the International Society of Arboriculture. They use scientifically proven pruning methods to maintain the health of the trees. If trees require repeated pruning or continually conflict with power lines, often the best solution is tree removal. That’s certainly true around transmission lines. Many times, it is also the case near distribution lines where pruning alone cannot achieve safe clearance or where repeated pruning is too expensive for our ratepayers. Pruning clearances depend on tree species and growth patterns, and the voltage of nearby power lines. However, we typically provide at least 10 feet of clearance between trees and distribution lines. See illustration below for some shapes you may expect from properly pruned trees. While many people object to these forms, they are in the best long-term interest of tree health, public safety and service reliability. For more information on the right tree in the right place and proper pruning for trees in proximity to high-voltage lines, visit the National Arbor Day’s Web site www.arborday.org or TreesAreGood.org. For more information on our tree maintenance program please visit pacificpower.net/trees. Choosing a tree – hardiness and other considerations 5 100 TREE SPECIES Range of annual minimum temperatures for each zone. Source: USDA 3 -40 – -30ºF 4 -30 – -20 5 -20 – 10 6 10 – 0 7 0 – 10 8 10 – 20 9 20 – 30 10 30 – 40 Minimum winter temperatures are often the limiting factor for survival of a tree species in a particular area. The United States Department of Agriculture has divided the country into “plant hardiness zones” based on average annual minimum temperatures (a map of the Western United States including these zones is shown below). These ratings are used as a first step in determining whether or not a tree is suitable for a particular site. To determine a tree’s adaptation, check the plant hardiness map to find the zone where you live, and select species from categories that have a hardiness rating no higher than your zone. For example, many people live along the I-5 corridor in Oregon, which is zone 8. These people might select a suitable tree rated from zones two through eight. On the other hand, people in Rexburg, Idaho, which is zone 4, may only be able to choose a tree adapted to zones two through four. Other factors Certainly, many factors besides winter adaptation should be taken into account when choosing a tree. For example; moisture, soil, wind exposure, sunlight, snow cover and available growing space are types of considerations important for tree selection. That is why plant hardiness zones may only initially screen potential species, while more site specific factors should be used to continue the process. Lists of trees adapted to various site specific factors begin on page 6 and may be helpful for people selecting trees for problem areas under power lines. FOR USE ADJACENT TO POWER LINES 6 1 Trident Maple Acer buergerianum D 25 25 4-8 orange full 2 Hornbeam Maple Acer carpinifolium D 20 20 5 shade 3 Vine Maple Acer cinciatum D 20 20 6 ✔ shade 4 Amur Maple Acer ginnala D 20 20 2-7 yellow orange ✔full to red red partial 5 Western Acer glabrum D 25 15 3-9 orange shade Mountain Maple red 6 Paperbark Maple Acer griseum D 25 20 4-8 red full 7 Fullmoon Maple Acer japonicum D 25 20 5 dark red yellow ✔ full to red partial 8 Japanese Maple Acer palmatum D 20 20 5-8 ✔ partial shade 9 Striped Maple Acer pensylvanicum D 25 20 3 shade 10 Eastern Acer spicatum D 25 30 2 yellow shade Mountain Maple orange 11 Tartarian Maple Acer tartaricum D 20 20 3-8 ✔ full to partial 12 Paperblow Maple Acer truncatum D 20 20 5-8 yellow ✔✔ full red 13 Mountain Alder Alnus tenuifolia D 25 25 2-9 full 14 Saskatoon Amelanchier alnifolia D 10 10 4 white ✔ full to Serviceberry partial 15 Shadblow Amelanchier D 15 3-8 white yellow ✔ full to Serviceberry canadensis partial 16 Allegheny Amelanchier laevis D 25 25 4 white orange ✔ full to Serviceberry red partial 17 Utah Amelanchier D 15 15 4 white yellow ✔ full to Serviceberry utahensis partial 18 Western Water Betula occidentalis D 25 20 4 yellow ✔✔ full to Birch partial 19 Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis D 25 25 4-9 purple ✔✔ full to pink partial 20 Chinese Redbud Cercis chinensis D 20 20 6 purple ✔✔ full to pink partial 21 California Redbud Cercis occidentalis D 20 20 7-9 purple ✔✔ full to pink partial Native to China. Glossy green foliage, best in well-drained soil. Native to Japan. Rounded, vase-shaped form. Native to the Pacific Northwest. Adapted to moist, understory sites. Native to China. Glossy green foliage, small flowers. Best in well-drained soil. Native to western mountains where it is found on moist canyon sides. Native to China. Beautiful, cinnamon-brown, curly bark. Native to Japan. Flowers display before leaf-out in spring. Native to Japan. Purple and cut-leaved cultivars. Native to the Northeast. Understory tree. Native to the Northeast. Requires cool, moist sites. Native to southeast Europe and western Asia. Native to China. Leaves emerge burgundy, turn green in summer and yellow-red in fall. Native to western mountains. Suitable for naturalized stream bank settings. Native to the Great Plains. Sensitive to drought and neglect. Native to the eastern seaboard. Native to the Northeast. High wildlife value. Native to the southern Rocky Mountains and Great Basin. Native to Rocky Mountain streams and lakes. Cherry-like bark. Susceptible to leaf blight in humid areas. Native to eastern Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas to the eastern slope of the Appalachians. Spectacular flower display before leaf-out. Native to China. Similar to Eastern Redbud. Native to the Sierras and northern coastal range in California. Flowers similar to other redbuds. Sp e c i e s l i s t i n g n u m b e r Co m m o n n a m e Te c h n i c a l n a m e D ( d e c i d u o u s ) o r E ( e v e r g r e e n ) Ma t u r e h e i g h t ( f e e t ) Ma t u r e w i d t h ( f e e t ) Ha r d i n e s s z o n e Fl o w e r c o l o r Fa l l c o l o r To l e r a t e s a l k a l i n e s o i l To l e r a t e s h a r s h s i t e s Be r r y - l i k e f r u i t Sc r e e n Am o u n t o f s u n Sh a p e Co m m e n t s 100 tree species to use adjacent to power lines OVAL ROUND VASE WEEPING COLUMNAR 7 100 TREE SPECIES 22 Curlleaf Mountain-Cercocarpus D 20 20 3 yellow ✔✔ full Mahogany ledifolius 23 Harlequin Clerodendrum D 20 20 7 white ✔ full Glorybower trichotomum 24 Kousa Dogwood Cornus kousa D 25 25 5-8 white red full to purple partial 25 Corneliancherry Cornus mas D 20 20 4 yellow ✔ full to Dogwood partial 26 American Filbert Corylus americana D 18 15 4 red ✔ full to (females) partial 27 Purple Giant Corylus maxima var. D 20 20 4 yellow ✔ full to Filbert purpurea partial 28 Common Cotinus coggygria D 15 15 4 yellow ✔✔ full Smoketree red 29 Cliffrose Cowania mexicana E 25 25 5 white ✔✔ ✔full 30 Cockspur Crataegus crusgalli D 25 35 4 white dark red ✔✔✔ ✔full Hawthorn 31 English Hawthorn Crataegus laevigata D 20 20 4 white ✔✔✔ full 32 Lavelle Hawthorn Crataegus × lavallei D 25 25 5 white bronze ✔✔✔ full 33 Dotted Hawthorn Crataegus punctata D 20 20 4 white scarlet ✔✔ full 34 Georgia Plume Elliottia racemosa D 15 10 6-8 white full to partial 35 Loquat Eriobotrya japonica E 25 25 8 white ✔✔✔ full 36 Eastern Wahoo Euonymus D 25 25 4 red pink ✔✔ shade atropurpureus 37 Western Wahoo Euonymus D 20 20 5 green shade occidentalis yellow 38 Franklinia Franklinia D 20 12 5-9 white w/ orange full to alatamaha yellow red partial center 39 Singleleaf Ash Fraxinus anomala D 20 10 5 ✔✔ full 40 Chinese Hamamelis mollis D 25 25 5 yellow yellow shade Witchhazel 41 Common Hamamelis D 25 25 3-8 yellow yellow shade Witchhazel virginiana 42 Longstalk Holly Ilex pendunculosa E 25 25 5 ✔✔✔ ✔full Native to the western U.S. Important wildlife tree. Native to China. Turquoise berry with magenta sepals. Native to Asia. Tolerates moist sites. Disease free. Native to southern Europe and Asia. Flowers in late winter. Edible, cherry- like fruit in July. Native to the East. Shrubby character. Native to southeastern Europe. Purple leaves in spring fade to green. Shrubby character. Native to Europe. Shrubby. Useful under transmission lines. Native to the Southwest. Good xeriscape species. Native to the East. Two-inch thorns may be a problem for small children. Native to Europe, western Asia and North Africa. Hybrid origin. Fruit and flowers are about ¾-inch in diameter. Native to the East. High wildlife value. Rare tree found in Georgia. Panicles of white flowers in late June. Native to China and Japan. Fragrant flowers. Edible, pear-shaped fruit in spring. Native to the midwestern United States with a stiff upright form. Bright- red flowers and good fall leaf color. Fairly well adapted to harsh conditions. Native to the Cascades and western coastal mountains. Fuschia fruit. Native to Georgia. Requires rich, acidic, well-drained soil. Native to southern Utah to central Arizona. Good xeriscape species. Native to China. Yellow flowers in fall. Best adapted to moist, acidic, well- drained, organic soils. Native to the East. Understory tree, very shade tolerant. Not many species flower in the fall after leaf drop, so witchhazel can be useful in the landscape. Native to Asia. Scarlet fruit. Sp e c i e s l i s t i n g n u m b e r Co m m o n n a m e Te c h n i c a l n a m e D ( d e c i d u o u s ) o r E ( e v e r g r e e n ) Ma t u r e h e i g h t ( f e e t ) Ma t u r e w i d t h ( f e e t ) Ha r d i n e s s z o n e Fl o w e r c o l o r Fa l l c o l o r To l e r a t e s a l k a l i n e s o i l To l e r a t e s h a r s h s i t e s Be r r y - l i k e f r u i t Sc r e e n Am o u n t o f s u n Sh a p e Co m m e n t s OVAL ROUND VASE WEEPING COLUMNAR FOR USE ADJACENT TO POWER LINES 8 43 Chinese Juniper Juniperus chinensis E 25 25 3 ✔ ✔full (dwarf cultivars) 44 One-Seed Juniper Juniperus E 20 20 4-9 ✔✔✔ ✔full monosperma 45 Utah Juniper Juniperus E 25 20 3-9 ✔✔✔ ✔full osteosperma 46 Eastern Juniper Juniperus virginiana E 25 25 2 ✔✔ ✔full (dwarf cultivars) 47 Goldenchain Tree Laburnum × watereri D 15 10 5-7 yellow ✔✔ full 48 Crapemyrtle Lagerstroemia indica D 25 25 6 white, yellow ✔ full to pink or red partial purple 49 Japanese Privet Ligustrum japonicum E 12 8 7-10 white ✔✔ ✔full to partial 50 Glossy Privet Ligustrum lucidum E 20 15 6-10 white ✔✔ ✔full to partial 51 Amur Maackia Maackia amurensis D 25 25 3-7 white ✔ full 52 Loebner Magnolia Magnolia × loebneri D 25 30 4 white ✔ full 53 Lily Magnolia Magnolia quinquepeta D 10 10 5-8 white full 54 Anise Magnolia Magnolia salicifolia D 25 15 4-8 white full 55 Star Magnolia Magnolia stellata D 15 10 3-8 white full 56 Wild Sweet Malus coronaria D 25 30 4 white ✔ ✔ full Crabapple pink 57 Japanese Malus floribunda D 20 20 4 pink yellow ✔ full Flowering Crabapple red 58 Tea Crabapple Malus hupehensis D 25 30 5 pink ✔ full changing to white 59 Sargent Crabapple Malus sargentii D 7 15 4 white ✔ full pink 60 Zumi Crabapple Malus sieboldii var.D 25 25 4 white yellow ✔ full zumi 61 Flowering Malus spp.D 25 3-9 white yellow ✔ ✔ full Crabapple red Native to China. Regular Chinese Juniper is too large for use under power lines. ‘Hetzii,’ and a few other cultivars are suitable, however. Native to the Southwest. Good xeriscape species, particularly on dry, saline soils. Native to the Southwest. Good xeriscape species, particularly on dry, saline soils. Native to the East. Regular species is too tall for use under power lines. Be sure to choose low-growing cultivars such as ‘Emerald Sentinel,’ ‘Hillspire,’ ‘Glauca’ and others. Hybrid origin. Seeds are poisonous. Native to China and Korea. Classic flowering landscape tree. Native to Japan and Korea. Fragrant flowers, fast-growing broadleaved evergreen. Native to Japan and China. Adaptable. Native to Manchuria. Peeling, shiny- brown bark. Best adapted to moist, well-drained soil. Hybrid origin. Fragrant, 12-petaled white flowers in April. Some cultivars have pink flowers. Native to China. Nice, small tree. Japanese. Flowers are 3- to 4-inches across. Japanese. Fragrant 12- to 19-petaled flowers. Best adapted to acidic, organic soil. Native to the East. One- to 1½-inch fruit. Native to Japan. One of the best flowering crabs: showing floral display and small fruit. Native to China. Large, fragrant flowers. Wide-spreading form. Native to Japan. Masses of flowers, showy fruit. Good for use under transmission lines. Native to Japan and Korea. Yellow-to- red fruits. ‘Calocarpa’ has bright red ¼-inch fruit. Many different species and cultivars. Very useful landscape trees. Sp e c i e s l i s t i n g n u m b e r Co m m o n n a m e Te c h n i c a l n a m e D ( d e c i d u o u s ) o r E ( e v e r g r e e n ) Ma t u r e h e i g h t ( f e e t ) Ma t u r e w i d t h ( f e e t ) Ha r d i n e s s z o n e Fl o w e r c o l o r Fa l l c o l o r To l e r a t e s a l k a l i n e s o i l To l e r a t e s h a r s h s i t e s Be r r y - l i k e f r u i t Sc r e e n Am o u n t o f s u n Sh a p e Co m m e n t s OVAL ROUND VASE WEEPING COLUMNAR 9 100 TREE SPECIES 62 Dwarf Norway Picea abies E 17 2-8 ✔ ✔full Spruce 63 Dwarf Blue Spruce Picea pungens E 25 12 2-7 full 64 Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata E 25 25 4-7 ✔ ✔full 65 Mugo Pine Pinus mugo E 15 30 2-7 ✔✔ full 66 Bitter Almond Prunus bacharia D 10 10 5 white to ✔✔ full pink 67 Cherry Plum Prunus cerasifera D 20 15 3-8 white ✔ full 68 Purpleleaf Sand Prunus × cistena D 10 7 2-8 pink ✔ full Cherry 69 Common Prunus laurocerasus D 25 30 6 white full Cherrylaurel 70 Kwanzan Cherry Prunus serrulata D 25 20 5 pink orange full bronze 71 California Ptelea crenulata D 15 15 5 white yellow full to Hoptree green partial 72 Common Ptelea trifoliata D 20 20 3-9 white yellow full to Hoptree green partial 73 Gambel Oak Quercus gambelii D 25 15 3-9 ✔✔ full 74 Blue Japanese Oak Quercus glauca D 25 12 8-9 full 75 Bear Oak Quercus ilicifolia D 20 20 5 burgundy full 76 Dwarf Chinkapin Quercus prinoides D 20 20 5 red ✔ full Oak orange 77 Waveyleaf Oak Quercus undulata D 10 10 7 ✔✔ full to partial 78 Catawba Rhododendron E 15 15 6 white partial Rhododendron catawbiense 79 Pacific Rhododendron E 25 25 7 pink ✔partial Rhododendron macrophyllum purple 80 Rosebay Rhododendron E 25 25 3 pink ✔partial Rhododendron maximum lavendar 81 Flameleaf Sumac Rhus copallina E 25 25 4 red ✔✔ partial 82 New Mexico Robinia D 25 20 5-9 pink yellow ✔✔ partial Locust neomexicana 83 Whitebeam Sorbus americana D 25 20 2 white yellow ✔ full to Mountainash partial 84 Green Sorbus scopulina D 15 10 3 white yellow ✔ full to Mountainash partial Native to Europe. Be sure only to select dwarf cultivars. Native to the Rockies. Utah’s state tree. Be sure to select dwarf cultivars. Native to high elevations in the Southwest. Slow growing. Native to southern Europe. Native to central Asia. Native to Asia and Caucasia. Hybrid origin. As the name suggests, purple leaves. Native to southwestern Europe and Asia minor. Often much shorter than 25 feet. Shiny green leaves. Native to Japan. Double flowers. Native to foothills in northern California. Native to the midwestern and southeastern United States. Widely adapted to soil conditions. Native to southern Rockies. Grows in thickets. Native to China and Japan. Glossy leaves. Native to mid-Atlantic states. Horizontal form. Native to the central Midwest. Crooked, horizontal form. Native to the western United States. Suitable for tough sites under transmission lines. Native to the Alleghenies to Georgia. Beautiful rhododendron. Native to the Cascades and coastal ranges. Large flowers. Native to the Appalachians. Lowland and riparian species. Native to the East. Good sumac for ornamental planting. Native to hillsides in the Southwest. Native to the eastern United States. Adapted to wetland boarders. Showy, orange fruit. Native to western mountains. Cool exposures. Showy, orange fruit. Sp e c i e s l i s t i n g n u m b e r Co m m o n n a m e Te c h n i c a l n a m e D ( d e c i d u o u s ) o r E ( e v e r g r e e n ) Ma t u r e h e i g h t ( f e e t ) Ma t u r e w i d t h ( f e e t ) Ha r d i n e s s z o n e Fl o w e r c o l o r Fa l l c o l o r To l e r a t e s a l k a l i n e s o i l To l e r a t e s h a r s h s i t e s Be r r y - l i k e f r u i t Sc r e e n Am o u n t o f s u n Sh a p e Co m m e n t s OVAL ROUND VASE WEEPING COLUMNAR FOR USE ADJACENT TO POWER LINES 10 85 Sitka Mountainash Sorbus sitchensis D 20 15 3 white yellow ✔ full to partial 86 Korean Stewartia Stewartia koreana D 25 15 5 white salmon partial burgundy 87 Mountain Stewartia ovata D 15 15 5-9 white orange partial Stewartia red 88 Chinese Stewartia Stewartia sinensis D 25 20 5 white red partial 89 Japanese Snowbell Styrax japonicus D 25 25 5 white yellow full to partial 90 Japanese Tree Lilac Syringa reticulata D 25 20 3-7 white ✔ partial 91 Anglo-Japanese Taxus × media E 20 20 4 ✔full to Yew partial 92 Littleleaf Linden Tilia cordata D 16 10 4 pale yellow ✔ full to ‘Summer Sprite’ yellow orange partial (dwarf) 93 Sargent Weeping Tsuga canadensis E 10 20 3-7 ✔full to Hemlock var. sargentii partial 94 Camperdown Elm Ulmus glabra var. D 15 35 4 yellow full camperdown 95 Nannyberry Viburnum lentago D 25 25 2-8 white purple ✔✔✔ full to Viburnum partial 96 Blackhaw Viburnum D 25 25 3 white scarlet ✔✔✔ full Viburnum prunifolium 97 Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum rudifolium D 25 25 5-9 white purple ✔✔✔ full Viburnum 98 Siebold Viburnum Viburnum sieboldii D 25 20 5 white ✔✔✔ full 99 Common Zanthoxylum D 25 25 3 ✔ full Pricklyash americanum Zelkova (dwarf) Zelkova serrata D 24 36 5-8 rusty red full Native to cool areas in the coastal mountains from Alaska through British Columbia and spots in the Cascades and Sierras. Orange-red fruit. Native to Korea. Multi-season interest. Rich, acid soil. Native to the Southeast. Multi-season interest, spring flowers, fall color and winter exfoliating bark. Native to China. Multi-season interest. Native to Japan, Korea and China. Attractive tree with bell-shaped flowers. Native to China and Japan. Twelve- inch flowers in late spring and cherry- like bark in the winter. Hybrid origin. Often much lower- growing than 20 feet. Littleleaf Linden is a large tree, and the species is inappropriate for use under power lines. The exception is the cultivar ‘Summer Sprite,’ which is a dense, pyramidal dwarf. Native to the northeastern United States and southeast Canada. Make sure not to plant regular weeping. Acid soil. The species is Scott’s Elm, and is native to Europe. It should not be used under power lines. ‘Camperdown’ is a low-growing cultivar that can be used. Native to the Midwest and East. Fruit changes from yellow to red to blue-black. Native to the East. Three- to 4-inch diameter flower clusters. Native to the Southeast. Clusters of white flowers and good fall color. Native to Japan. Fruit ripens red then to black. Native to the northern midwestern United States. It is trouble free and adapted to a wide range of soil conditions. Red berries are attractive to wildlife. The species is a large-statured tree often used as a substitute for American Elm. The cultivars ‘Wireless’ and ‘City Sprite’ are low growing and appropriate under power lines. Sp e c i e s l i s t i n g n u m b e r Co m m o n n a m e Te c h n i c a l n a m e D ( d e c i d u o u s ) o r E ( e v e r g r e e n ) Ma t u r e h e i g h t ( f e e t ) Ma t u r e w i d t h ( f e e t ) Ha r d i n e s s z o n e Fl o w e r c o l o r Fa l l c o l o r To l e r a t e s a l k a l i n e s o i l To l e r a t e s h a r s h s i t e s Be r r y - l i k e f r u i t Sc r e e n Am o u n t o f s u n Sh a p e Co m m e n t s OVAL ROUND VASE WEEPING COLUMNAR Ohave red berries 100 Planting trees for energy efficiency Trees can play a significant role in controlling energy use. Planting trees in certain places around your home can help keep you comfortable and keep your energy costs down. Here are some ways to plant trees and save: • Plant deciduous trees facing southeast and southwest for summer shade and winter sun. • Shrubs and small trees can be placed to shade air conditioners and heat pumps. However, be careful not to plant too close to the unit, blocking air flow. Keep units free of leaves and needles. • Plant a combination of evergreen trees and shrubs on the side of your home that blocks cold winter winds. 1. Dig the planting hole Before you start, call 811 to locate all underground utilities. Dig a planting hole at least twice the diameter of, and not deeper than, the root ball. The loose soil will encourage new root growth in order to establish the tree. The root ball needs to rest on firm ground so it will not settle. 2. Plant the tree Lift the tree by the root ball (never by the trunk), remove its container, and place the tree into the planting hole. Make sure the top of the root ball is slightly above ground level. If the tree is balled and burlapped, remove any twine or wire, and remove or fold down the burlap. Make sure the tree is standing straight and backfill with the original soil. Mixing the soil with fertilizer or mulch is not recommended. As you fill the hole, gently firm the soil around the tree to hold it in place. Water the tree thoroughly to settle the soil and eliminate any air pockets. 3. Prune the tree only if necessary Examine the tree for injury to branches. Prune broken branches back to other branches or to the trunk. While pruning, do not damage the branch collar (the swollen area where one branch meets another). 4. Stake the tree only if necessary Staking is usually unnecessary for balled and burlapped and container-grown trees. If needed, stake the tree to keep it upright until established. Drive two stakes spaced an equal distance apart outside the planting area. Attach a broad soft strapping material loosely to the trunk and attach by wire or twine to the stakes. The stakes should not be left in place for more than one year. 5. Mulch and water Place a layer of mulch around the tree about 2- to 4-inches deep. Keep the mulch away from the trunk. The tree should be watered at least once a week and more often in hot weather. Watering should taper off in mid-fall so the tree will stop growing and harden for winter. How to plant a tree 11 100 TREE SPECIES Environmental benefits Healthy trees convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, helping contribute to efforts to offset the production of carbon dioxide from electricity generation, cars and industrial processes. To help promote tree planting, preservation and urban forestry, we support various organizations including UtiliTree and Friends of Trees. Tree maintenance Trees are the most common cause of electric service interruptions when branches fall on lines during high winds and storms. They also can cause outages, start fires or create other hazardous conditions if they grow too close to power lines. Every year, Pacific Power locates, prunes and removes potential problem trees in our service area to provide safe and reliable electric service. If you’d like a tree pruned or removed for landscaping purposes, you’ll need to hire a private tree removal contractor to perform the work. If necessary, we can disconnect a service line for their workers’ safety. For more information on our tree maintenance program, please see page 4 or log on to pacificpower.net/trees. Safety matters Electricity can be deadly; it must be used with the utmost care and respect. Improper or careless tree pruning can cause serious or fatal accidents around power lines. We offer free safety presentations, videos and brochures to remind customers of the dangers of electricity and to teach them how to be safe when trees and power lines coexist. For your safety, please remember these important tips: • Always check for power lines before pruning trees. If a branch is too close to a line, call us toll free at 1-888-221-7070 for help. • Before digging holes for planting trees, installing sprinkler systems or setting fence posts, call 811 to reach your state’s free underground utility locating service 48 hours in advance. Visit pacificpower.net/dig for details. Do not assume that utility lines are buried deeper than you are digging. • Do not attempt to remove branches or trees that have fallen on lines. Contact us toll free at 1-877-508-5088 for help. • Never touch or go near a fallen power line, and do not touch anything on which the wire is resting. If you see a downed line, tell others to stay away and immediately call 911, or call us toll free at 1-877-508-5088. • Look up! Whenever you’re working outdoors, be aware of the location of overhead power lines. Be careful not to lift ladders, pruning shears, irrigation pipes, pool skimmers or other tools around power lines. • Overhead power lines are not insulated. For your safety, treat all lines you see as energized and dangerous – stay away from them. Remind children to stay safe • Don’t climb or build forts in trees near power lines. • Do not climb power poles, transmission towers or substation fences. • Fly kites in open areas, far away from trees and power lines. If a kite does get caught in a power line, release the string. To schedule a presentation, to order free safety materials or to see more information on electrical safety please visit pacificpower.net/safety. FOR USE ADJACENT TO POWER LINES 12 COMMON NAME TECHNICAL NAME PAGE Alder Mountain Alder Alnus tenuifolia 6 Almond see Cherry 9 Amelanchier see Serviceberry 6 Ash Singleleaf Ash Fraxinus anomala 7 Birch Western Water Birch Betula occidentalis 6 Cherry see Plum 9 Cliffrose Cowania mexicana 7 Crabapple see Flowering Crabapple 8 Common Pricklyash Zanthoxylum americanum 10 Crapemyrtle Lagerstroemia indica 8 Dogwood Corneliancherry Dogwood Cornus mas 7 Kousa Dogwood Cornus kousa Elm Camperdown Elm Ulmus glabra var. camperdown 10 Euonymus Eastern Wahoo Euonymus atropurpureus 7 Western Wahoo Euonymus occidentalis Filbert American Filbert Corylus americana 7 Purple Giant Filbert Corylus maxima var. purpurea Flowering Crabapple Malus spp. 8 Japanese Flowering Crabapple Malus floribunda Sargent Crabapple Malus sargentii Tea Crabapple Malus hupehensis Wild Sweet Crabapple Malus coronaria Zumi Crabapple Malus sieboldii var. zumi Franklinia Franklinia alatamaha 7 Georgia Plume Elliottia racemosa 7 Index of common tree species names Goldenchain Tree Laburnum x watereri 8 Harlequin Glorybower Clerodendrum trichotomum 7 Hawthorn Cockspur Hawthorn Crataegus crusgalli 7 Dotted Hawthorn Crataegus punctata English Hawthorn Crataegus laevigata Lavalle Hawthorn Crataegus x lavallei Hazelnut see Filbert 7 Hemlock Sargent Weeping Hemlock Tsuga canadensis var. sargentii 10 Holly Longstalk Holly Ilex pedunculosa 7 Hoptree California Hoptree Ptelea crenulata 9 Common Hoptree Ptelea trifoliata Juniper Chinese Juniper Juniperus chinensis 8 Eastern Juniper Juniperus virginiana One-Seed Juniper Juniperus monosperma Utah Juniper Juniperus osteosperma Lilac Japanese Tree Lilac Syringa reticulata 10 Linden ‘Summer Sprite’ Littleleaf Linden Tilia cordata 10 Locust New Mexico Locust Robinia neomexicana 9 Loquat Eriobotrya japonica 7 Maackia Amur Maackia Maackia amurensis 8 Magnolia Anise Magnolia Magnolia salicifolia 8 Lily Magnolia Magnolia quinquepeta (liliflora) Loebner Magnolia Magnolia x loebneri Star Magnolia Magnolia stellata 13 100 TREE SPECIES COMMON NAME TECHNICAL NAME PAGE FOR USE ADJACENT TO POWER LINES 14 COMMON NAME TECHNICAL NAME PAGE COMMON NAME TECHNICAL NAME PAGE Maple Amur Maple Acer ginnala 1, 6 Eastern Mountain Maple Acer spicatum Fullmoon Maple Acer japonicum Hornbeam Maple Acer carpinifolium Japanese Maple Acer palmatum Paperbark Maple Acer griseum Paperblow Maple Acer truncatum Striped Maple Acer pensylvanicum Tartarian Maple Acer tataricum Trident Maple Acer buergerianum Vine Maple Acer circinatum Western Mountain Maple Acer glabrum Mountainash Green Mountainash Sorbus scopulina i, 9, 10 Sitka Mountainash Sorbus sitchensis Whitebeam Mountainash Sorbus americana Mountain-Mahogany Curlleaf Mountain-Mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius 7 New Mexico Locust Robinia neomexicana 9 Oak Bear Oak Quercus ilicifolia 9, 15 Blue Japanese Oak Quercus glauca Dwarf Chinkapin Oak Quercus prinoides Gambel Oak Quercus gambelii Waveyleaf Oak Quercus undulata Peach see Cherry 9 Pine Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata 9 Mugo Pine Pinus mugo Plum Bitter Almond Prunus bacharia 9 Cherry Plum Prunus cerasifera Common Cherrylaurel Prunus laurocerasus Kwanzan Cherry Prunus serrulata Purpleleaf Sand Cherry Prunus x cistena Pricklyash Zanthoxylum americanum 10 Privet Glossy Privet Ligustrum lucidum 8 Japanese Privet Ligustrum japonicum Redbud California Redbud Cercis occidentalis 6 Chinese Redbud Cercis chinensis Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis Rhododendron Catawba Rhododendron Rhododendron catawbiense 9 Pacific Rhododendron Rhododendron macrophyllum Rosebay Rhododendron Rhododendron maximum Serviceberry Allegheny Serviceberry Amelanchier laevis 6 Saskatoon Serviceberry Amelanchier alnifolia Shadblow Serviceberry Amelanchier canadensis Utah Serviceberry Amelanchier utahensis Spruce Dwarf Blue Spruce Picea pungens 9 Dwarf Norway Spruce Picea abies Smoketree Common Smoketree Cotinus coggygria 7 Snowbell Japanese Snowbell Styrax japonicus 10 Stewartia Chinese Stewartia Stewartia sinensis 10 Korean Stewartia Stewartia koreana Mountain Stewartia Stewartia ovata Sumac Flameleaf Sumac Rhus copallina 3, 9 Viburnum Blackhaw Viburnum Viburnum prunifolium 10 Nannyberry Viburnum Viburnum lentago Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum Viburnum rudifolium Siebold Viburnum Viburnum sieboldii Wahoo see Euonymus 7 Western Water Birch Betula occidentalis 6 Witchhazel Chinese Witchhazel Hamamelis mollis 7 Common Witchhazel Hamamelis virginiana Yew Anglo-Japanese Yew Taxus x media 10 Zelkova Zelkova Zelkova serrata 10 Burns, R.M. and B.H. Honkala (eds). 1990. Silvics of North America. Agriculture Handbook 654. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, DC (downloadable, two-volume set at http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/table_of_contents.htm). Dirr, M.A. 1990. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses. 4th ed. Stipes Publishing Company. Champaign, IL. Gerhold, H.D, W.N. Wandell, N.C. Lacasse and R.D. Schein. 1993. Street Tree Fact Sheets. Penn State University College of Agriculture. University Park, PA. Hightshoe, G.L. 1988. Native Trees, Shrubs, and Vines for Urban and Rural America. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York, NY. Johnson, C.M. 1982. Native Trees of the Intermountain Region. Utah State University Cooperative Extension Service. Logan, UT. Lueck, D. 1987. Trees For The Pacific Northwest: Gardens, Parks, Streets. Self Published. Eugene, OR (this book is available at the Book Mark in Eugene, OR). Poor, J. (ed.) 1984. Plants That Merit Attention: Vol 1 - Trees. Garden Club of America. Timber Press. Portland, OR. Petrides, G.A. and O. Petrides. 1992. Peterson Field Guides, Western Trees. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York, NY. Phillips, R. 1978. A Photographic Guide to More than 500 Trees of North America and Europe. Random House. New York, NY. Wyman, D. 1979. Trees for American Gardens. MacMillan Publishing Company. New York, NY. Resources for more information 15 100 TREE SPECIES GAMBEL OAK Quercus gambelii Online resources Pacificpower.net/trees National Arbor Day www.arborday.org International Society of Arboriculture www.TreesAreGood.org Friends of Trees www.FriendsofTrees.org pacificpower.net 10% post-consumer recycled paper © 2014 Pacific Power 4/14 Let’s turn the answers on.